[Assessment of the teaching-learning process in students of the health area: cardiopulmonary resuscitation maneuvers]. / Avaliação do processo ensino-aprendizagem de estudantes da áreada saúde: manobras de ressuscitação cardiopulmonary.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the skills and knowledge of undergraduate students in the health area on cardiopulmonary resuscitation maneuvers with the use of an automatic external defibrillator. METHOD: The evaluation was performed in three different stages of the teaching-learning process. A theoretical and practical course was taught and the theoretical classes included demonstration. The evaluation was performed in three different stages of the teaching-learning process. Two instruments were applied to evaluate the skills (30-items checklist) and knowledge (40-questions written test). The sample comprised 84 students. RESULTS: After the theoretical and practical course, an increase was observed in the number of correct answers in the 30-items checklist and 40-questions written test. CONCLUSION: After the theoretical class (including demonstration), only one of the 30-items checklist for skills achieved an index ≥ 90% of correct answers. On the other hand, an index of correct answers greater than 90% was achieved in 26 (86.7%) of the 30 items after a practical training simulation, evidencing the importance of this training in the defibrillation procedure.

[Training program on cardiopulmonary resuscitation with the use of automated external defibrillator in a university]. / Programa de capacitação em ressuscitação cardiorrespiratória com uso do desfibrilador externo automático em uma universidade.

Early defibrillation in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) receives increasing emphasis on its priority and rapidity. This is an experience report about the implementation of a training program in CPR using a defibrillator in a private university. The training program in basic CPR maneuvers was based on global guidelines, including a theorical course with practical demonstration of CPR maneuvers with the defibrillator, individual practical training and theoretical and practical assessments. About the performance of students in the practical assessment the mean scores obtained by students in the first stage of the course was 26.4 points, while in the second stage the mean was 252.8 points, in the theoretical assessment the mean in the first stage was 3.06 points and in the second 9.0 points. The implementation of programs like this contribute to the effective acquisition of knowledge (theory) and skill (pratice) for the care of CPR victims.

[Evaluation of the handwashing technique held by students from the nursing graduation course]. / Avaliação da técnica de lavagem das mãos executada por alunos do curso de graduação em enfermagem.

The purpose of this study was to compare the execution and verify the compliance with the handwashing techniques by students in an undergraduate Nursing course. The study was performed with 113 students enrolled in internship programs in healthcare institutions in the city of São Paulo. Data collection occurred through direct observation, using a check-list instrument with the steps of the technique. Students in their 2nd and 3rd year had better results in most steps of the technique, with a statistically significant difference when compared to the 4th year. Compliance with the steps of the technique by the students was very low, since their compliance with half the handwashing steps was lower than 50%. The average amount of students who executed all the steps of the technique correctly was very low, 8.8%. The observed students did not execute the handwashing techniques according to the recommendations.

[Planning nursing teaching: educational purposes and clinical competence]. / Planejamento de ensino em enfermagem: intenções educativas e as competências clínicas.

Thinking about nursing education implies articulating this issue with the expressions of theoretical frameworks, from the perspective of a pedagogical aspect that includes both constructivism and competencies. The objective was to characterize, from a longitudinal view, the construction of care competencies that exist in the teaching plans of nursing undergraduate programs. This exploratory-descriptive study used a qualitative approach. Documentary analysis was performed on the nine teaching plans of undergraduate care subjects. The ethical-legal aspects were guaranteed, so that data was collected only after the study had been approved by the Research Ethics Committee. The data evidenced a curriculum organization centered on subjects, maintaining internal rationales that seem to resist summative organizations. Signs emerge of hardly substantial links between any previous knowledge and the strengthening of critical judgment and clinical reasoning. As proposed, the study contributed with reconsiderations for the teaching-learning process and showed the influence of constructivism on the proposal of clinical competencies.

[Cardiopulmonary resuscitation with semi-automated external defibrillator: assessment of the teaching-learning process]. / Ressuscitação cardiopulmonar com a utilização do desfibrilador externo semi-automático: avaliação do processo ensino-aprendizagem.

Studies demonstrate that, for every minute delayed on defibrillating a heart arrest patient, survival chances decrease by 10%, and that the same chances of survival are 98% effective when it is employed within 30 seconds. While attending a heart arrest patient, it is crucial that the use of external semi-automated defibrillator (AED) is included in the training. The purpose of the present study is to compare Psychomotor Ability and the Theoretical Knowledge of lay people on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) using AED, before and after training. This sample was composed of 40 administrative workers of a public institution that were trained on CPR technique using EAD, as an experiment. The significantly higher scores in the assessment instrument items of Psychomotor Ability and Theoretical Knowledge, after training, indicates that the participants have presented improvements in their performances.

Nursing workload in intensive care units: a study using the Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System-28 (TISS-28).

UNLABELLED: The Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System-28 (TISS-28) is an instrument that has been used to measure severity of illness and nursing workload in intensive care units (ICUs). OBJECTIVES: To characterize the severity of illness and nursing workload using the TISS-28 in 11 ICUs of a university hospital in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: In a prospective study, data were collected from 271 patients admitted to the ICUs in December 2000 and the patients were followed up for 1 week. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Most of the patients were males (60.0%) and their mean age was 51(+20.6) years. Surgical treatment (66.8%) and admissions from the operating room were predominant. The mortality rate was 25.0% and the average length of stay was 7.7 (+10.4) days. The mean TISS-28 score was 23 (range: 14-32 points). The lowest mean score was observed for patients from the Burn ICU and the highest mean score was obtained for patients from the Liver Transplant ICU. A change in TISS-28 scores was observed in the same ICU over the 7-day study period. Units differed in terms of severity of illness and nursing workload. Patients who died received a higher TISS-28 score than patients who survived (p=0.00). As the nursing staff are the largest economic investment in an ICU, so measuring nursing workload in different ICUs from different centres can contribute to the estimation of nursing staff required according to the specific demands of the units.

[Quality of life of undergraduate students in nursing]. / Qualidade de vida de estudantes de graduação em enfermagem.

The object of this study was to investigate the quality of life of 264 undergraduate students in Nursing. Data was collected through a questionnaire and a tool for measuring quality of life, Ferrans and Powers' IQV. Average IQV scores of students were high and very close to those of the general population of Rockford (USA). Average IQV in the various years of the course showed a decrease in the second year, when students begin practice, thus offering subsidies for possible interventions of educators to revert this situation.

[Therapeutic intervention scoring system-28 (TISS-28): directions for application]. / Therapeutic intervention scoring system-28 (TISS-28): diretrizes para aplicação.

Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System-28 (TISS-28) is a tool that enables the measurement of the nursing work load in Intensive Care Units and the estimate of how grave the disease is. In this study are presented the operational definitions for its application, proposed by a group of specialists in the area, with the aim of rendering uniform the meaning of each of the items and preventing interpretation biases.

[Teaching the nursing process at undergraduate nursing programs in the State of Sao Paulo]. / Ensino do processo de enfermagem nas escolas de graduação em enfermagem do estado de São Paulo.

The goal of this study was to describe the teaching of the nursing process at undergraduate nursing programs in the state of São Paulo. The sample was formed by 247 faculty members. With respect to the study methodology, authors elaborated a questionnaire that was sent to 899 faculty members from 32 public and private nursing schools in the state of São Paulo. Results showed regarding the teaching of the nursing process that, from the total of 147 faculty members who taught the content, 66 (44.9%) were from 19 private schools and 81 (55.1%) from 8 public schools.

[Utilization of two antisseptic techniques and two differents solutions of iodine alcohol in the skin preparation for abdominal surgery]. / EMPREGO DE DUAS TÉCNICAS DE ANTISSEPSIA E DUAS SOLUÇÕES DIFERENTES DE ÁLCOOL IODADO NO PREPARO DA PELE PARA CIRURGIA ABDOMINAL.

A comparative study of two antisseptic techniques used in the preparation of the skin for abdominal surgery , utilizing' two different solutions of iodine alcohol.

[Specialization course in intensive care nursing - part. I: student's prolife]. / CURSO DE ESPECIALIZAÇÃO DE CUIDADOS INTENSIVOS DE ENFERMAGEM ­ PARTE I ­ PERFIL DOS ALUNOS.

This is Part I of a two part papers. After completing five specialization courses in intensive care nursing, the authors report their experience in this Part and they describe the type of students all graduate nurses, who enrolled in such courses.

[Specialization course in intensive care nursing of "Escola de Enfermagem da USP" - part 2: the learning-teaching process]. / CURSO DE ESPECIALIZAÇÃO EM ENFERMAGEM DE CUIDADOS INTENSIVOS DA ESCOLA DE ENFERMAGEM DA USP ­ PARTE 2: O PROCESSO DE ENSINO-APRANDIZAGEM ADOTADO NO CURSO.

In this article, the authors describe the course's structure, methods and strategies applied to the learning-teaching process. Emphasis is given to the critical analyses and nursing research, within a proper environment for the exchange of experiences between teachers and students, looking for the improvement of professionals activing in intensive care units.

[Retrospective analysis of nursing research in critical care nursing: 1975 to 1984]. / ANÁLISE RETROSPECTIVA DAS PESQUISAS DE ENFERMAGEM EM TERAPIA INTENSIVA: 1975-1984.

Nursing research in Intensive Care Units as compered to nursing research in other medical-surgical units, both in Brasil and in the United States, is the subject of this study. Data were collected from articles published in 1975, 1979 and 1984 in "Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem" (for Brasil) and "Nursing Research" and "Heart and Lungs" (for USA). The analysis of data included type of study, its depth, metodology employed and selected subject. Increase in number of studies in nursing in Intensive Care Units, both descriptive and experimental, was observed. The authors also noted the absence of replication of research and of continuity studies.

[Intolerance glucose control in the parenteral hyperalimentation]. / CONTROLE DA TOLERÂNCIA À GLICOSE NA NUTRIÇÃO PARENTERAL.

Ten non-diabetic surgical patients, submitted to parenteral hyperalimentation, were prospectively studied, in order to determine the incidence of glucose intolerance during this treatment. Additionally three methods for the control of glucose metabolism, namely glucosuria and gtycemia, given by reagent strips, and standard blood sugar, determined at the auto-analyser, were compared, with the purpose of establishing which of these tests is best suited for routine utilization. It was concluded that: 1) The incidence of glucose intolerance, defined as one or more episodes of positive glucosuria, or of blood sugar higher than 180mg/100 ml, was 60% in the first day of intravenous nutrition, and 80% if the whole period of treatment; 2) Glucose intolerance was more often detected by urine testing than by blood determinations, either with Dextrositx or at the a auto-analyser as the glucosuria test: was performed much more frequently; 3) It is concluded that although the findings of tests for glucosuria may not adequately reflect glucose metabolism in all circumstances, they represent the choice examination for basic monitoring of patients receiving intravenous hyperalimentation, as soon as renal function is satisfactory, because of its low expense and its easy application.

[Iatrogeny: implications for nursing care]. / IATROGENIA: IMPLICAÇÕES PARA A ASSISTÊNCIA DE ENFERMAGEM.

The authors describe the theoretical aspects of iatrogeny which are due to drugs, patient reactions, and failure in the application of drugs by nursing personnel. They discuss nursing intervention on primary, secondary and tertiary level of prevention and they alert the nurses of the importance of introducing the topic in nursing education programs.

[Smoking in schools of nursing]. / O FUMO ENTRE DOCENTES E DISCENTES DAS ESCOLAS DE ENFERMAGEM.

A study was made among students and instructors of three schools of nursing at São Paulo City, Brazil, on number of smokers, non smokers and previous smokers and the causes that led them to start smoking as well as to withdraw from the habit. In a population of 636 studients the authors found 24.1% smokers, 68.5% non smokers, 7.4% previous smokers. The percentage of 117 instructors were 23.1%, 62.4% and 14.5% respectively. The reason for start smoking most frequently mentioned by both groups was curiosity (35.2% and 28.2% respectively). For leaving the habit was conscience of damage to health (72.5% and 65.2%). For the non smokers this was the main reason for never starting the habit. The authors studied also the age of start smoking, number of cigarettes smoked per day. The outside influences for smoking or not orientation of others about the damages of smoking to health were also considered.

[Vomiting and hematemesis: generals aspects and nursing care]. / VÔMITO E HEMATÊMESE : aspectos gerais e conduta de enfermagem.

The authors describe succintly concept, physiopathology and most common causes of vomiting and hematemesis and the needed nursing care when such conditions are present.

[Urine exam: all strictness in collecting samples]. / EXAME DE URINA: TODO O RIGOR NA COLHEITA DE AMOSTRAS.

Urine Type I laboratorial exam anl it's physical, chemical and microscopic characteristics are presented, as novell as the care needed for it's collection, order to oftain accurate results in the analysis of urianry elements.

[Medical-surgical nursing integration evaluated by students and instructor]. / AVALIAÇÃO, POR DOCENTES E ALUNOS, DO PROCESSO DE INTEGRAÇÃO DAS DISCIPLINAS ENFERMAGEM MÉDICA E ENFERMAGEM CIRÚRGICA.

Students and "instructors" opinions were collected on the teaching of the Medical Nursing I program (for undergraduates) and on their experience on the respiratory, cardiologic, neurological, digestive and renal hospital units. 63.2% of the students felt the objectives had been reached, 77.2% that there was "some uniformity" of teaching each unit, that their hospital experience had been satisfactory in both quality and quantity in all units but in the Neurology units (one of these units was being remodeled and could not be used), that bibliography was sufficcient and adequate (73.7%), that there had been correlation between theory and practice in all units, and that evaluation had been satisfactory. Evaluation by instructors of some itens was not very different.

Assessment of the teaching-learning process in students of the health area: cardiopulmonary resuscitation maneuvers / Evaluación del proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje de estudiantes del área de salud: maniobras de resucitación cardiopulmonar / Avaliação do processo ensino-aprendizagem de estudantes da área da saúde: manobras de ressuscitação cardiopulmonar

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the skills and knowledge of undergraduate students in the health area on cardiopulmonary resuscitation maneuvers with the use of an automatic external defibrillator.METHODThe evaluation was performed in three different stages of the teaching-learning process. A theoretical and practical course was taught and the theoretical classes included demonstration. The evaluation was performed in three different stages of the teaching-learning process. Two instruments were applied to evaluate the skills (30-items checklist) and knowledge (40-questions written test). The sample comprised 84 students.RESULTSAfter the theoretical and practical course, an increase was observed in the number of correct answers in the 30-items checklist and 40-questions written test.CONCLUSIONAfter the theoretical class (including demonstration), only one of the 30-items checklist for skills achieved an index ≥ 90% of correct answers. On the other hand, an index of correct answers greater than 90% was achieved in 26 (86.7%) of the 30 items after a practical training simulation, evidencing the importance of this training in the defibrillation procedure.

OBJETIVOEvaluar el desempeño de la habilidad y el conocimiento en las maniobras de resucitación cardiopulmonar con el uso del desfibrilador externo automático, llevadas a cabo por los estudiantes de pregrado del área de salud en tres etapas distintas del proceso enseñanza aprendizaje.MÉTODOSe aplicó un instrumento de evaluación de la habilidad, caracterizado por un modelo estándar "checklist", compuesto de 30 ítems y otro para la evaluación del conocimiento, caracterizado por una prueba escrita compuesta de 40 cuestiones objetivas. La muestra contó con 84 estudiantes.RESULTADOSSe verificó que, tras el curso teórico-práctico, en la habilidad hubo un incremento del número de aciertos en los 30 ítems y, en el conocimiento, un incremento del número de aciertos en las 40 cuestiones.CONCLUSIÓNTras la clase teórica, con demostración, en la habilidad solo uno de los ítems alcanzó el índice de acierto ≥ 90%. Después del entrenamiento práctico simulado en la habilidad, 26 de los ítems presentaron índice de aciertos superior al 90%, evidenciando la importancia del entrenamiento práctico en el procedimiento en cuestión.

OBJETIVOAvaliar o desempenho da habilidade e do conhecimento nas manobras de ressuscitação cardiopulmonar com o uso do desfibrilador externo automático, realizadas pelos estudantes de graduação da área da saúde em três etapas diferentes do processo ensino aprendizagem.MÉTODOFoi aplicado um instrumento de avaliação da habilidade, caracterizado por um modelo padrão "checklist", composto de 30 itens e outro para a avaliação do conhecimento, caracterizado por uma prova escrita composta de 40 questões objetivas. A amostra contou com 84 estudantes.RESULTADOSVerificou-se que após o curso teórico-prático, na habilidade houve um aumento no número de acertos nos 30 itens e no conhecimento um aumento no número de acertos nas 40 questões.CONCLUSÃOApós a aula teórica com demonstração, na habilidade, somente um dos itens atingiu o índice de acerto ≥ 90%. Já após o treino prático simulado na habilidade, 26 dos itens apresentaram índice de acertos superior a 90%, evidenciando a importância do treino prático no procedimento em pauta.