RADIAL head arthroplasty: does ligaments repair influence outcomes? A minimum two years follow-up radiographic multi-center study.

PURPOSE: The current indication for comminuted radial head fractures is radial head arthroplasty (RHA). The main purpose of this study was to investigate any statistical differences in terms of prosthesis revision or removal and radiographic degenerative changes by comparing patients who underwent RHA and ligaments repair to those who underwent only RHA implant at minimum two years follow-up. The secondary aim was to delineate a trend profile of RHA implants. METHODS: All patients who underwent RHA surgery for traumatic pathology between January 2012 and December 2017 were eligible. Two researchers independently and retrospectively reviewed the patients' charts and collected the following data: type of prosthesis, associated surgical procedures and revision surgery. They also looked for any radiographic sign of prosthesis loosening, overstuffing, capitellar osteopenia, heterotopic ossification and degenerative changes. No clinical evaluation was performed. RESULTS: In 6 years, 124 RHA were implanted (74 female, 50 male, mean age 56). The main diagnoses were: terrible triad, trans-olecranon fracture and isolated radial head fracture. It was found no significant statistical difference between the 2 groups; nevertheless, the cohort of patients that underwent ligaments repair had a lower revision rate in comparison with the other. Suture of the annular ligament seems to be critical. The overall revision rate was 10.5%. CONCLUSION: This multi-center study found no evidence that ligaments repair, as an associated surgical procedure, improves RHA longevity, except for annular ligament. Nevertheless, it seems to prevent degenerative changes at midterm follow-up.

Posterior approaches in malleolar fracture: when, why and how.

The treatment of posterior malleolus fractures has radically changed over the last few years, therefore this study aims to summarize the current evidence on the usefulness of posterior approaches in the management of malleolar fractures. The main elements that suggest the use of a posterior approach to the ankle are the posterior malleolus fragment shape and size, the presence of loose bodies at the fracture site: the possibility to obtain an anatomic fixation of the fracture; the presence of a posterior ankle subluxation; the eventually osteochondral impaction of the tibial plafond and the mechanical stability of the joint. The postero-lateral approach has been widely used to treat these fractures, but the posteromedial approach should be considered in specific cases. The anatomic reduction of these fractures lead to joint stability, with a consequent lesser occurrence of post-traumatic arthritis and better functional outcomes.

Prescription of oral antidiabetic drugs in K/DIGO chronic kidney disease stage 3 and 4: a single centre report.

AIM: Evaluation of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is essential in order to prescribe properly oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs). The aim of our study was to report hypoglycemic drugs prescription to CKD in a cohort of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) outpatients. METHODS: This survey included 1686 outpatients with type 2 DM treated with OADs who were not taking insulin evaluated by a team of diabetologists. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated by the CKD-EPI formula and subjects were classified in the K/DIGO stages. Main clinical parameters were also evaluated. RESULTS: Patients were aged 68±10 years, 57.1% were males, Body Mass Index was 30±5 kg/m2, glycated hemoglobin 8±1%, systolic and diastolic blood pressure values were 138±15/80±9 mmHg. Serum creatinine was 1.03±0.35 mg/dL and GFR 71±21 mL/min/1.73 m2. In 504 patients (30%) GFR was lower than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. The different treatment groups had different GFR and hypoglycaemic drugs were prescribed differently in the different K/DIGO stages. The majority of subjects in stage 3A and 3B were treated with repaglinide, however a significant percentage of them were treated with metformin and sulfonylureas. Nearly half of subjects with CKD stage 4 were treated with metformin and sulfonylureas. CONCLUSION: In this report we found that nearly one third of patients with type DM 2 had CKD and in a significant percentage of them OADs were prescribed even if they were in K/DIGO CKD stage 3 and 4.

The estimation of glomerular filtration rate in type 2 diabetic patients may depend on the equation used.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare the estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) outpatients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included 1686 subjects, aged 68±10 years. GFR was evaluated with five different equations: GFRMDRD186, GFRMDRD175, GFRCKD-EPI, GFRMAYO, GFRC-G. RESULTS: GFR was lower than 60 ml min-1 kg-1 in 456 patients (27%) by GFRMDRD186, in 531 (31.5%) by GFRMDRD175, in 504 (30%) by GFRCKD-EPI, in 433 (26%) by GFRC-G, and in 255 (15%) by GFRMAYO. The mean differences in measuring GFR with the different formulae ranged from 1.03±6.20 to -14.5±11.9 ml min-1 1.73 m2-1. CONCLUSIONS: The evaluation of GFR with different formulae in type 2 DM patients may identify different chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages. Physicians could take advantage by the knowledge of the formula used for evaluation of renal function, for a better interpretation of values and a more appropriate use in the everyday clinical practice.

Radio-induced sarcomas in survivors of Ewing's sarcoma.

Of 255 cases of Ewing's sarcoma recorded at the Bone Tumor Center of the Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, 78 patients (irradiated and with a follow-up of longer than 3 years) were considered "at risk" for the development of a second radio-induced sarcoma (RIS). Three of the 78 patients developed an RIS in the irradiated field. Theoretical and statistical analyses were carried out considering different modalities of local treatment. Statistically, the only significant factor was related to the irradiation dose. Surgical resection seems to prevent RIS.

[Therapy of non-metastatic Ewing's sarcoma (pelvis excluded). Results obtained in 48 cases combining local therapy (radiation and/or surgical) and adjuvant chemotherapy with vincristine, adriamycin, dactinomycin and cyclophosphamide]. / Terapia del sarcoma di Ewing non metastatico (pelvi esclusa). Risultati ottenuti in 48 casi associando alla terapia locale (radiante e/o chirurgica) una chemioterapia adiuvante con vincristina, adriamicina, dactinomicina e ciclofosfamide.

Combined therapy was used on a consecutive series of 48 patients with extrapelvic Ewing's sarcoma at the Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute. The adjuvant chemotherapy protocol (VCR, ADM, D-ACT, EDX) was identical in all patients whereas local treatment consisted of amputation, resection and radiation treatment or radiation alone. At a mean follow-up of 58 months (39-78) 30 patients (60%) were free of the disease. This is a significantly higher percentage than that obtained in the same period with adjuvant chemotherapy using only 3 drugs (VCR, ADM, EDX). As far as the type of local treatment is concerned, the percentage of local recurrences and metastases was lower when the primary lesion was treated with surgery or surgery combined with radiotherapy, rather than radiation treatment alone. These suggest that if associated with radiation treatment and chemotherapy, surgery can play an important role that should be considered in the treatment of extrapelvic Ewing's sarcoma.

Pure traumatic dislocation of the elbow.

A total of 89 patients with simple traumatic dislocation treated at the Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute between 1975 and 1986 were reviewed. The authors considered trauma mechanism, treatment, and results. The evaluation showed that elbow dislocation without joint fracture has a favorable prognosis with return to complete functions. Frequently, para-articular calcifications do not negatively affect joint function. Immediate reduction and plaster immobilization for 2 to 3 weeks are required to obtain soft tissue repair, and in order to avoid functional restriction as a result of prolonged immobilization. After removal of plaster active mobilization is sufficient to obtain complete joint function.

[Variability in the management of patients with bladder catheterization in the ULSS 18 of Rovigo]. / La variabilità della gestione dei pazienti con catetere vescicale nell'Azienda ULSS 18 di Rovigo.

A survey on the practices related to the management of patients with indwelling urinary catheter was organised in two hospitals and health districts, with the aim of identifying problems or incorrect habits. Thirty-five nurses were interviewed with a questionnaire exploring different practices and procedures related to the catheter care. While practices were overall satisfactory and homogeneous across wards, few problems were identified: the ill defined practice of bladder training before catheter removal; the difficulties in maintaining a closed system; an improper use of sterile sacs. The data were presented and discussed during two meetings attended by 186 nurses where the emerging problems and the practicability of changes in habits and ward protocols were thoroughly discussed.