Aqueous misdirection syndrome masking as myopic surprise following phacoemulsification surgery.

Aqueous misdirection syndrome is a rare but serious condition that can present after routine phacoemulsification surgery. This report examines a case of myopic surprise following an uncomplicated left eye (LE) phacoemulsification surgery. The patient had previous bilateral peripheral iridotomies for narrow anterior chamber angles. Repeat biometry measurement of the pseudophakic LE did not show shallow anterior chamber, and intraocular pressure (IOP) was normal at initial presentation. However, approximately 3 years postoperatively, LE IOP was raised. Surgical management was considered as medical and laser procedures did not stop deterioration. Clinical presentation of aqueous misdirection syndrome may be subtle and can occur weeks to years after routine uncomplicated phacoemulsification surgery. Myopic surprise may be the only initial presenting sign. Patients who are at risk of aqueous misdirection syndrome should be followed up closely after cataract surgery with accurate gonioscopic assessments for early diagnosis and treatment to prevent optic nerve damage.

Safety and Efficacy of a Preservative-Free Artificial Tear Containing Carboxymethylcellulose and Hyaluronic Acid for Dry Eye Disease: A Randomized, Controlled, Multicenter 3-Month Study.

PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy and safety of an artificial tear combining the polymers carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and hyaluronic acid (HA), to a formulation of CMC alone in subjects with dry eye. METHODS: A preservative-free artificial tear (CMC-HA) was compared with an existing artificial tear (CMC). Subjects with mild-to-severe signs and symptoms of dry eye were enrolled in this double-masked, randomized, multicenter trial, and dosed at least twice daily for 90 days, with follow-up visits at Days 7, 30, 60, and 90. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) was the primary outcome measure. Secondary outcome measures were tear break-up time (TBUT), ocular surface staining, Schirmer test with anesthesia, and visual analog scale (VAS) scores of dry eye symptom severity and formulation acceptability. Safety measures included adverse events, biomicroscopy, and visual acuity. RESULTS: A total of 460 subjects were enrolled across 45 sites (38 in Europe; 7 in Australia), of whom 454 were randomized to receive treatment. The per-protocol (PP) population consisted of 394 subjects, 364 (92.4%) of whom completed the study. In the PP population, the mean ± SD change from baseline in OSDI score at the primary timepoint, Day 90, was -16.9±17.5 for CMC-HA and -16.0±16.1 for CMC. CMC-HA was non-inferior to CMC based upon a confidence interval method. Both treatments significantly improved (P<0.001) OSDI, symptom VAS scores, TBUT, and ocular surface staining from baseline at all follow-up visits, with minimal differences between groups. Greater reduction of overall ocular pain/discomfort was reported in subjects using CMC-HA versus CMC (P=0.048). Approximately 10% of subjects in each group reported treatment-related adverse events of generally mild to moderate severity. CONCLUSION: The new CMC-HA formulation was effective and well tolerated, and demonstrates a greater potential for symptom relief compared with CMC. These data support implementation of this formula for the management of dry eye patients.

Papilloschisis: A Case Report.

We report a case of papilloschisis, where the schisis is noted within the optic nerve tissue with no associated disc pit. This has not been reported in the literature to the best of our knowledge.

Orbital inflammation after sub-Tenon's anesthesia.

Two cases of orbital swelling after sub-Tenon's anesthesia are reported. The first patient presented 3 days postoperatively with proptosis and conjunctival chemosis. Computed tomography showed nonspecific inflammation of the orbital soft tissue. Signs and symptoms resolved after systemic steroids. The second patient presented with similar signs and mild pain on the fourth postoperative day. Computed tomography showed a similar diffuse orbital inflammation. The patient was treated with oral steroids and antibiotics, and all inflammation subsided within 4 weeks. Both patients had uneventful cataract surgery, were apyrexial, and were generally well. A few possible mechanisms for these episodes are infection, reaction to povidone-iodine or sub-Tenon's anesthetic, or trauma due to the sub-Tenon's cannula.

Spectral domain OCT to diagnose clinically inapparent hypotony maculopathy using 3D image rendering software.

Three-dimensional (3D) image rendering capability of a commercially available 3D-optical coherence tomogram (OCT) system was used to diagnose a subclinical but symptomatic case of hypotony maculopathy in an eye with significant cataract and an only-eyed patient. Bleb revision improved intraocular pressure and symptoms, confirmed by repeat OCT imaging. Hypotony maculopathy may be subclinical and difficult to diagnose particularly in eyes with non-clear ocular media. Use of spectral domain OCT can be complementary to improve patient outcomes.

Ophthalmic manifestations of atypical IgD multiple myeloma.

A previously healthy 32-year-old Caucasian female presented with sudden-onset horizontal diplopia following a paroxysm of coughing. She had recently sustained a pubic ramus fracture during an innocuous fall and had also noted a firm lump developing at the right side of her forehead. On examination, she had a right fronto-temporal mass. Visual acuities were 6/6 bilaterally. There was reduced abduction of the right eye, bilateral white, granular corneal opacities and evidence of bilateral optic disc swelling. Haematological investigations revealed normocytic anaemia, hypercalcaemia and raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). CT showed lytic foci throughout the skull, ribs, scapulae, spine, pelvis and upper femora. Serum protein electrophoresis revealed immunoglobulin D (IgD)-kappa paraproteinaemia; urine electrophoresis showed free light chain kappa and bone marrow biopsy demonstrated 87% plasma cells. A diagnosis of IgD multiple myeloma was made, with subsequent chemotherapeutic treatment and eventual autologous stem cell transplant resulting in resolution of neuro-ophthalmic manifestations and prolonged disease remission.

Uveal effusion associated with Campylobacter jejuni infection presenting as bilateral angle closure glaucoma.

INTRODUCTION: We present a case in which a gastrointestinal infection with Campylobacter jejuni presented as acute angle closure glaucoma secondary to the uveal effusion syndrome. METHOD: A 58-year-old white man presented with acute angle closure and raised pressure in both the eyes along with diarrhea. Ultrasound B-scans showed choroidal effusion. Stool culture grew C. jejuni. RESULTS: A 3-week treatment with topical steroids and antiglaucoma medication resolved the condition. He was also treated with oral antibiotics. CONCLUSION: C. jejuni has not been isolated earlier in a case of uveal effusion presenting as secondary angle closure glaucoma. In this respect our case is unique.

Visual acuity and diabetic maculopathy.

We investigated the relationship between visual acuity (VA) and glycosylated hemoglobin, and the presentation and type of diabetic maculopathy retrospectively from 2000 to 2003. Data on 103 eyes of 75 patients were gathered. No statistically significant correlation was found between serum HbA1c with maculopathy type. VA is a poor predictor for the presence or absence of clinically significant diabetic maculopathy and type of maculopathy, emphasizing the importance of systematic screening for and early treatment of maculopathy before visual loss.