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BACKGROUND: We retrospectively aimed to assess the prognostic significance of somatostatin receptor (SSTR) standardized uptake value (SUVmaxsstr), SSTR representative tumor volume (RTVsstr) and total lesion SSTR expression (TLsstr) obtained by [68Ga]Ga-edotreotide PET/CT ([68Ga]Ga-SSTR PET/CT) in patients with primary gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NET) before surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analyzed patients who underwent [68Ga]Ga-SSTR PET/CT 3-6 weeks before surgery from February 2020 to April 2022. The mean SUVmaxsstr value, the RTVsstr (cm3; 42% threshold) and the TLsstr (g) were registered. Thereafter the patients were followed up 10.3 months (range 3-27). The PET/CT results were compared to the event free survival (EFS). RESULTS: Forty-two patients (61 ± 13 years) have been enrolled. At multivariate analysis only RTVsstr values were predictive. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis for RTVsstr showed a significant better EFS in patients presenting lower values as compared to those having greater (P = .003, log-rank test). SUVmaxsstr was not suitable for predicting EFS, TLsstr mildly. CONCLUSION: RTVsstr represents a valuable volumetric parameter able to predict the outcome in GEP-NET patients who underwent surgery. The magnitude of the SSTR representative tumor burden holds a predominant value for determining the response to therapy in GEP-NET patients before surgery, rather than the maximal SSTR representation at single voxel.
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Tumores Neuroendócrinos , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada , Humanos , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada/métodos , Receptores de Somatostatina/metabolismo , Tumores Neuroendócrinos/diagnóstico por imagem , Tumores Neuroendócrinos/cirurgia , Radioisótopos de Gálio , Carga Tumoral , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons/métodosRESUMO
Despite the significant recent advances in clinical practice, gastric cancer (GC) represents a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. In fact, occurrence of chemo-resistance still remains a daunting hindrance to effectiveness of the current approach to GC therapy. There is accumulating evidence that a plethora of cellular and molecular factors is implicated in drug-induced phenotypical switching of GC cells. Among them, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), autophagy, drug detoxification, DNA damage response and drug target alterations, have been reported as major determinants. Intriguingly, resistant GC phenotype may be the result of GC cell-induced tumor microenvironment (TME) remodeling, which is currently emerging as a key player in promoting drug resistance and overcoming cytotoxic effects of drugs. In this review, we discuss the possible mechanisms of drug resistance and their involvement in determining current GC therapies failure.
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Autofagia/genética , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Neovascularização Patológica/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/genética , Microambiente Tumoral/genética , Transportadores de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/genética , Transportadores de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Autofagia/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Relacionadas à Autofagia/genética , Proteínas Relacionadas à Autofagia/metabolismo , Sobrevivência Celular/genética , Células Epiteliais/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Epiteliais/metabolismo , Células Epiteliais/patologia , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal/genética , Infecções por Helicobacter/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Helicobacter/genética , Infecções por Helicobacter/metabolismo , Infecções por Helicobacter/patologia , Helicobacter pylori/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Helicobacter pylori/patogenicidade , Humanos , Hipóxia/tratamento farmacológico , Hipóxia/genética , Hipóxia/metabolismo , Hipóxia/patologia , Inativação Metabólica/genética , MicroRNAs/genética , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Proteínas de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Neovascularização Patológica/tratamento farmacológico , Neovascularização Patológica/metabolismo , Neovascularização Patológica/patologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Gástricas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologia , Microambiente Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Pancreatic organogenesis is a multistep process that requires the cooperation of several signaling pathways. In this context, the role of pancreatic mesenchyme is important to define the epithelium development; nevertheless, the precise space-temporal signaling activation still needs to be clarified. This study reports a dissection of the pancreatic embryogenesis, highlighting the molecular network surrounding the epithelium-mesenchyme interaction. To investigate this crosstalk, pancreatic epithelium and surrounding mesenchyme, at embryonic day 10.5, were collected through laser capture microdissection (LCM) and characterized based on their global gene expression. We performed a bioinformatic analysis to hypothesize crosstalk interactions, validating the most promising genes and verifying the precise localization of their expression in the compartments, by RNA in situ hybridization (ISH). Our analyses pointed out also the c-Met gene, a very well-known factor involved in stimulating motility, morphogenesis, and organ regeneration. We also highlighted the potential crosstalk between Versican (Vcan) and Syndecan4 (Sdc4) since these genes are involved in pancreatic tissue repair, strengthening the concept that the same signaling pathways required during pancreatic embryogenesis are also involved in tissue repair. This finding leads to novel strategies for obtaining functional pancreatic stem cells for cell replacement therapies.
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Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento , Mesoderma/embriologia , Organogênese , Pâncreas/embriologia , Pâncreas/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Animais , Biologia Computacional/métodos , Desenvolvimento Embrionário , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , CamundongosRESUMO
Sheep is a relevant large animal model that is frequently used to test innovative tissue engineering (TE) approaches especially for bone reconstruction. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are used in TE applications because they represent key component of adult tissue repair. Importantly, MSCs from different species show similar characteristics, which facilitated their application in translational studies using animal models. Nowadays, many researches are focusing on the use of ovine mesenchymal stem cells (oMSCs) in orthopedic preclinical settings for regenerative medicine purposes. Therefore, there is a need to amplify our knowledge on the mechanisms underlying the behaviour of these cells. Recently, several studies have shown that MSC function is largely dependent on factors that MSCs release in the environment, as well as, in conditioned medium (CM). It has been demonstrated that MSCs through autocrine and paracrine signals are able to stimulate proliferation, migration, and differentiation of different type of cells including themselves. In this study, we investigated the effects of the CM produced by oMSCs on oMSCs themselves and we explored the signal pathways involved. We observed that CM caused an enhancement of oMSC migration. Furthermore, we found that CM increased levels of two membrane proteins involved in cell migration, Aquaporin 1 (AQP1), and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), and activated Akt and Erk intracellular signal pathways. In conclusion, taken together our results suggest the high potential of autologous CM as a promising tool to modulate behaviour of MSCs thus improving their use in therapeutically approaches.
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Aquaporina 1/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/metabolismo , Comunicação Parácrina/fisiologia , Receptores CXCR4/metabolismo , Ovinos/metabolismo , Animais , Diferenciação Celular/fisiologia , Movimento Celular/fisiologia , Proliferação de Células/fisiologia , Meios de Cultivo Condicionados/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/fisiologia , Cicatrização/fisiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In-vivo imaging of dopamine transporter (DAT), a reliable marker of degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic innervation, has gained increasing interest in preclinical neurodegenerative research for studying disease mechanisms and testing new therapeutic strategies. We assessed the feasibility and the reliability of in vivo and ex vivo quantification of Methyl (3S,4S,5R)-8-(3-fluoropropyl)-3-(4-iodophenyl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-4-carboxylate ([123I]FP-CIT) binding to striatal DAT sites in mouse brain. METHODS: Dedicated small animal single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images of [123I]FP-CIT binding were obtained in 3 groups of healthy mice: untreated (N.=6), pre-treated with lugol solution (N.=4), and pre-treated with selective dopamine transporter uptake inhibitor GBR12909 (N.=4). Ex-vivo autoradiography studies were performed at the end of SPECT studies with phosphor image system in 4 out of the 6 untreated mice and in all mice pre-treated with lugol. Regions of interest were defined over the striatum. The specific binding (SB) was calculated using the cerebral cortex as reference region. RESULTS: SPECT images in untreated mice showed high [123I]FP-CIT uptake in the striatum and extracerebral regions. Lugol pretreatment improved striatal images quality decreasing salivary and thyroid glands uptake. SB was higher (P<0.0001) in mice pre-treated with lugol (5.97±0.60) than in untreated mice (2.25±0.28). Autoradiography showed similar SB findings in untreated (2.27±0.33) and lugol-treated (4.27±0.57) mice (P<0.0001). In-vivo striatal 123I-FP-CIT SB and ex-vivo striatal 123I-FP-CIT SB were significantly correlated (r=0.87; P<0.0001). SPECT competition studies showed a significant (P<0.0001) reduction of [123I]FP-CIT SB in the striatum after GBR12909. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated the feasibility of [123I]FP-CIT imaging of the normal mouse brain using small-animal SPECT without pinhole collimators. The reliability of quantitative measurement of striatal [123I]FP-CIT SB is supported by competition studies showing measurable inhibition of uptake induced by GBR12909 and by the strong correlation between in vivo and ex vivo striatal [123I]FP-CIT SB. Our data also demonstrate that pre-treatment with lugol might improve striatal [123I]FP-CIT SB in mice.
Assuntos
Proteínas da Membrana Plasmática de Transporte de Dopamina/metabolismo , Neostriado/diagnóstico por imagem , Neostriado/metabolismo , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão de Fóton Único/métodos , Tropanos/metabolismo , Animais , Transporte Biológico , Dopamina/metabolismo , Estudos de Viabilidade , Camundongos , Ligação Proteica , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Advanced PD is often associated with cognitive impairment and frequent falls. We describe a suggestive case report of PD associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and falls. The aim of our study was to test alteration in balance potentially related to use of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AchEI). We address this hypothesis after keeping the patient in stable dosage of dopamine agonist. METHODS/MEASUREMENTS: We describe an initial pharmacological management in a 78-year-old man affected by Parkinson disease (PD) associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and history of falls. The diagnosis of PD was also confirmed by SPECT with DATSCAN, after CT-brain exclusion of potential other causes of the symptoms. Cognitive and motor performances of the patient were initially evaluated by Mini Mental Examination State Examination (MMSE), Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and Romberg test. We also recorded gait parameters using an accelerometer, while balance and stability were assessed by stabilometric platform with open and closed eyes. We repeated cognitive and motor tests and gait and balance evaluation after stable dosage of dopamine agonist before and after introduction of AchEI. RESULTS: After starting dopamine agonist therapy, there was a significant improvement in gait parameters (speed, stride/min, stride length, swing duration, and decrease in gait cycle duration and rolling duration). When stable dosage of dopamine agonist was reached, AchEI was introduced obtaining not only a significant improvement of cognitive performance, but also a significant positive change in balance. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: We hypothesize that AchEI could improve stability, balance and postural instability in addition to cognitive performance in PD with MCI and balance deficits.
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Acidentes por Quedas , Inibidores da Colinesterase/uso terapêutico , Demência/etiologia , Doença de Parkinson/tratamento farmacológico , Idoso , Disfunção Cognitiva/etiologia , Marcha , Humanos , Masculino , Doença de Parkinson/complicaçõesRESUMO
The complex cross-talk between tumor cells and their surrounding stromal environment plays a key role in the pathogenesis of cancer. Among several cell types that constitute the tumor stroma, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) selectively migrate toward the tumor microenvironment and contribute to the active formation of tumor-associated stroma. Therefore, here we elucidate the involvement of BM-MSCs to promote osteosarcoma (OS) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells migration and invasion and deepening the role of specific pathways. We analyzed the function of aquaporin 1 (AQP1), a water channel known to promote metastasis and neoangiogenes. AQP1 protein levels were analyzed in OS (U2OS) and HCC (SNU-398) cells exposed to conditioned medium from BM-MSCs. Tumor cell migration and invasion in response to BM-MSC conditioned medium were evaluated through a wound healing assay and Boyden chamber, respectively. The results showed that the AQP1 level was increased in both tumor cell lines after treatment with BM-MSC conditioned medium. Moreover, BM-MSCs-mediated tumor cell migration and invasion were hampered after treatment with AQP1 inhibitor. These data suggest that the recruitment of human BM-MSCs into the tumor microenvironment might cause OS and HCC cell migration and invasion through involvement of AQP1.
Assuntos
Aquaporina 1/metabolismo , Células da Medula Óssea/citologia , Meios de Cultivo Condicionados/farmacologia , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/metabolismo , Aquaporina 1/antagonistas & inibidores , Neoplasias Ósseas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Ósseas/patologia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/metabolismo , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/citologia , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Osteossarcoma/metabolismo , Osteossarcoma/patologia , Tetraetilamônio/farmacologia , Microambiente Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
To date, there is no definitive demonstration of the utility of positron emission tomography (PET) in studying glucose metabolism in cultured cell lines. Thus, this study was designed to compare PET to more standardized methods for the quantitative assessment of glucose uptake in nontransformed and transformed living cells and to validate PET for metabolic studies in vitro. Human colon and breast carcinoma cell lines and mouse embryo fibroblasts were evaluated for [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([(18)F]FDG) uptake by PET and autoradiography and 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) incorporation by colorimetric assay and analyzed for the radiotoxic effects of [(18)F]FDG and the expression levels of glucose transporters. Indeed, [(18)F]FDG incorporation on PET was comparable to [(18)F]FDG uptake by autoradiography and 2-DG incorporation by colorimetric assay, although radiotracer-based methods exhibited more pronounced differences between individual cell lines. As expected, these data correlated with glucose transporters 1 to 4 and hexokinase II expression in tumor cell lines and mouse fibroblasts. Notably, [(18)F]FDG incorporation resulted in low apoptotic rates, with fibroblasts being slightly more sensitive to radiotracer-induced cell death. The quantitative analysis of [(18)F]FDG uptake in living cells by PET represents a valuable and reproducible method to study tumor cell metabolism in vitro, being representative of the differences in the molecular profile of normal and tumor cell lines.
Assuntos
Fluordesoxiglucose F18/metabolismo , Glucose/metabolismo , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons/métodos , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Fibroblastos/diagnóstico por imagem , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Proteínas Facilitadoras de Transporte de Glucose/metabolismo , Humanos , Camundongos , Células NIH 3T3RESUMO
BACKGROUND: We evaluated the prognostic significance of standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumour volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) in [F-18] FDG PET/CT findings in patients with inoperable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred and three patients (mean age, 65.6 ± 16 years) underwent [F-18] FDG PET/CT before the chemotherapy. The SUVmax value, the MTV (cm(3); 42% threshold) and the TLG (g) were registered. The patients were followed up to 18 months thereafter (range 12-55 months). Failure to respond without progression, progression and/or disease-related death constituted surrogate end-points. The optimal SUVmax, MTV and TLG cut-off to predict the patients' outcome were estimated. PET/CT results were then related to disease outcome (progression free survival; PFS). RESULTS: The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis for SUVmax showed a significant shorter PFS in patients presenting with lower values as compared to those with higher (p < 0.05, log-rank test). MTV and TLG were not suitable for predicting PFS apart from the subset of patients with mediastinal nodal involvement. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the availability of new tools for the quantitative assessment of disease activity on PET/CT, the SUVmax rather than MTV and TLG remains the only predictor for PFS in NSCLC patients. MTV holds a value only when concomitant nodal involvement occurs.
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AIM: We evaluated the prognostic significance of standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) obtained by F-18 FDG PET/CT (PET/CT) in patients with diffuse large B-cell Lymphomas (DLBCL) presenting intermediate IPI score. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty-two patients (61 ± 13 yr) underwent PET/CT before the first-line chemotherapy. The mean SUVmax value, the summed MTV (cm(3) ; 42% threshold), and the cumulative TLG (g) were registered. The patients were followed up 18 months thereafter (range 3-41 months). The PET/CT results were compared to the event-free survival (EFS). RESULTS: At univariate analysis, SUVmax and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were predictive, but discordantly. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis for SUVmax showed a significant better EFS in patients presenting higher values as compared to those having lesser (P = 0.0002, HR 0.13). Summed MTV and cumulative TLG were not suitable for predicting EFS. CONCLUSION: Despite the availability of new tools for the quantitative assessment of disease activity on PET/CT, the SUVmax rather than MTV and TLG remains the only predictor for EFS in DLBCL patients. The magnitude of glycolytic activity rather than the amount of metabolically active burden holds a predominant value for determining the response to chemotherapy in DLBCL.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Fluordesoxiglucose F18 , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/diagnóstico , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anticorpos Monoclonais Murinos , Ciclofosfamida , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Doxorrubicina , Feminino , Fluordesoxiglucose F18/metabolismo , Seguimentos , Glicólise/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/tratamento farmacológico , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/mortalidade , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prednisona , Prognóstico , Rituximab , Carga Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos , VincristinaRESUMO
We evaluated the pain response and daily discomfort in patients suffering from a borderline degree of bone pain due to breast or lung cancer bone metastases, who had undergone early palliative radionuclide treatment. The results were compared with those from patients who had received standard analgesic therapy. Twenty-one patients (65.7 ± 3 years; 17 women) with metastatic bone cancer underwent samarium-153 (Sm-153) ethylene diamine tetramethylene phosphonate (EDTMP) administration (group A) and 18 patients (64.3 ± 8 years; 16 women)continued to receive standard analgesics (group B; control group). The patients kept a daily pain diary assessing both their discomfort and the pain at specific sites by means of a visual analog scale, rating from 0 (no discomfortno pain)to 10 (worst discomfortpain). These diaries were reviewed weekly for 2 months and three physicians rated the pain response on a scale from -2 (considerable deterioration) to +2 (considerable improvement). Baseline characteristics were similar in both groups. The reduction of total discomfort and of bone pain in group A was significantly greater compared to group B (p < 0.0001). A significant improvement of clinical conditions was observed in group A, where the physician rate changed from -1 to 1, compared to group B in which the rate changed from -1 to 0. Sm-153 EDTMP therapy can be considered for patients with bone pain from breast and lung cancer in advance, i.e.,before the establishment of severe pain syndrome.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Ósseas/radioterapia , Dor/radioterapia , Samário/uso terapêutico , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cuidados Paliativos/métodosRESUMO
In the last decades, sarcopenia in older persons has been operationalized by the assessment of lean body mass, muscle strength and/or physical performance. Several definitions of sarcopenia, using different parameters and cut-offs, have been proposed. However, which is the best definition to describe and to assess this condition is still matter of debate. Hand grip strength has been suggested as better predictor of incident mobility impairment and mortality, than skeletal muscle mass. In the light of the current knowledge, we sought to propose an operative approach for identifying and treating sarcopenic older persons according to main categories of sarcopenia: the age-related or primary sarcopenia and disease-related or secondary sarcopenia. We suggest that a quantitative assessment of grip strength alone might be sufficient to identify patients with primary sarcopenia. When chronic diseases accompany the ageing process, the combined assessment of muscle strength plus a balance test could be more appropriate. The identification of tests and pathological relevant cut-offs that facilitates the entry of sarcopenia into the clinical practice, could step forward researchers and physicians. This could be important for planning multidisciplinary models to maximize the maintenance of locomotive abilities especially in older persons affected by chronic diseases such as Parkinson's disease.
Assuntos
Sarcopenia/diagnóstico , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Envelhecimento , Feminino , Avaliação Geriátrica , Força da Mão , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Força Muscular , Sarcopenia/terapiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The unexpected detection of axillary lymphadenopathy (AxL) in cancer patients (pts) represents a real concern during the COVID-19 vaccination era. Benign reactions may take place after vaccine inoculation, which can mislead image interpretation in patients undergoing F-18-FDG, F-18-Choline, and Ga-68-DOTATOC PET/CT. They may also mimic loco-regional metastases or disease. We assessed PET/CT findings after COVID-19 first dose vaccination in cancer patients and the impact on their disease course management. METHODS: We evaluated 333 patients undergoing PET/CT (257 F-18-FDG, 54 F-18-Choline, and 23 Ga-68 DOTATOC) scans after the first vaccination with mRNA vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech) (study group; SG). The uptake index (SUVmax) of suspected AxL was defined as significant when the ratio was > 1.5 as compared to the contralateral lymph nodes. Besides, co-registered CT (Co-CT) features of target lymph nodes were evaluated. Nodes with aggregate imaging positivity were further investigated. RESULTS: Overall, the prevalence of apparently positive lymph nodes on PET scans was 17.1% during the vaccination period. 107 pts of the same setting, who had undergone PET/CT before the COVID-19 pandemic, represented the control group (CG). Only 3 patients of CG showed reactive lymph nodes with a prevalence of 2.8% (p < 0.001 as compared to the vaccination period). 84.2% of SG patients exhibited benign characteristics on co-CT images and only 9 pts needed thorough appraisal. CONCLUSION: The correct interpretation of images is crucial to avoid unnecessary treatments and invasive procedures in vaccinated cancer pts. A detailed anamnestic interview and the analysis of lymph nodes' CT characteristics, after performing PET/CT, may help to clear any misleading diagnosis.
Assuntos
Vacinas contra COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Linfonodos , Neoplasias , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Axila/diagnóstico por imagem , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Vacinas contra COVID-19/administração & dosagem , Fluordesoxiglucose F18 , Linfonodos/diagnóstico por imagem , Linfonodos/patologia , Linfadenopatia/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias/diagnóstico por imagem , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos , Estudos Retrospectivos , SARS-CoV-2/imunologia , SARS-CoV-2/isolamento & purificação , VacinaçãoRESUMO
This feasibility study evaluated the psychological status of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) before, during, and 40 days after administration of I-131 radionuclide therapy (RAI). We investigated the appropriateness of providing patient a comprehensive psychological assessment in an isolation ward. Thirty consecutive patients (Study Group; SG) who received RAI were enrolled. The tools used were the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) at three different moments, and the Coping Responses Inventory (CRI) at baseline for each patient. A supportive approach was also implemented. Data were collected at the first specialist visit, at the day of admission, and at 40 days follow-up visit. A matched cohort of patients (Control Group; CG), who did not receive psycho-oncological counseling, was retrospectively studied only about their medical needs and requests. Staff exposure to radiation was also compared during SG and CG hospitalization, to assess a possible reduction of radiological risk for them. A significant difference between the basal, intermediate, and final psychological status was observed (p < 0.0001), which was found to be irrespective of the induced hypothyroidism. Patients showed a significant worsening of their status in terms of anxiety and depression after the consent, but it improved 40 days after treatment. Repeated measures analysis showed a similar trend in patients' psychological status over this period. At hospital discharge, patients showed indirect signs of increased well-being. CG required more nursing and medical interventions. Staff exposure was significantly lower during hospitalization of SG as compared to CG. This study demonstrates that timed psychological evaluation and appropriate support may help to reduce anxiety and depression of patients receiving a diagnosis of cancer and undergoing RAI. Moreover, an improvement of workplace safety was recorded.
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Ansiedade , Depressão , Estudos de Viabilidade , Radioisótopos do Iodo , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide , Humanos , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/radioterapia , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/psicologia , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/patologia , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Radioisótopos do Iodo/uso terapêutico , Ansiedade/psicologia , Adulto , Depressão/psicologia , Idoso , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
PURPOSE: To prospectively compare the assessment of metabolic response to yttrium 90 ((90)Y)-ibritumomab tiuxetan radioimmunotherapy (RIT) by using fluorine 18 ((18)F) fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) combined positron emission tomographic-computed tomographic (PET/CT) imaging at 2 and 6 months to determine the most appropriate time to detect therapeutic response in refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients treated with RIT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The ethical committee of the university approved the protocol and all patients signed informed consent. Twenty-three consecutive patients (10 women, 13 men; mean age, 51.8 years +/-7.3 [standard deviation]) treated by using RIT for relapsed or refractory follicular NHL were enrolled. For all patients, (18)F FDG PET/CT scanning was performed at baseline and at 2 and 6 months after RIT. Response was assessed by using the International Workshop Criteria (IWC) and revised criteria (IWC + PET) as well as the criteria of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer. One-way analysis of variance for repeated measures, receiver operator curve analysis, and Kaplan-Meier curves were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: PET/CT performed at 2 months revealed complete (n = 12) or partial (n = 4) metabolic response in 16 of 23 patients with complete or partial clinical response. These findings were all confirmed at 6-month scanning. PET/CT indicated refractory or persistent disease at 2 and 6 months in the remaining seven patients. Better overall survival was observed for patients with a reduction in the maximum standard uptake value of 49% or higher (both at 2 and 6 months after RIT) when compared with those with a decrease of less than 49% (P < .05). CONCLUSION: Early assessment of response to RIT by using PET/CT might be useful in the identification of patients needing additional therapeutic strategies.
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Anticorpos Monoclonais/uso terapêutico , Linfoma de Células B/radioterapia , Radioimunoterapia/métodos , Idoso , Análise de Variância , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Fluordesoxiglucose F18 , Humanos , Linfoma de Células B/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons/métodos , Estudos Prospectivos , Curva ROC , Interpretação de Imagem Radiográfica Assistida por Computador , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos , Taxa de Sobrevida , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Resultado do Tratamento , Radioisótopos de ÍtrioRESUMO
Radium-223 dichloride (223Ra) is the first, recently approved, α-particle-emitting radiopharmaceutical for the treatment of patients with bone metastases in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and no evidence of visceral metastases. We explored MEDLINE, relevant congresses, and websites for data on 223Ra and prostate cancer therapies, focusing on therapeutic strategies and timing, bone metastases, and diagnostic assessment. 223Ra represents the only bone-targeting agent that has significantly extended patients' overall survival while reducing pain and symptomatic skeletal events. Unlike other radiopharmaceuticals, such as strontium-89 and samarium-153 EDTMP, 223Ra (11.4-days half-life) has shown a high biological efficiency mainly due to its short penetration range. These features potentially allow reduced bone marrow toxicity and limit undue exposure. 223Ra has been validated under the product name Xofigo® by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency. Patient selection, management, and treatment sequencing is recommended to be discussed in the context of a multidisciplinary environment, including oncology, urology, nuclear medicine, and radiation therapy physicians. No consensus has been achieved regarding the optimal timing and its administration as single agent or in combination with zoledronic acid or chemotherapy, so far. This review aims to provide a rationale for the use of 223Ra in treating metastases from CRPC, highlighting the crucial role of a multidisciplinary approach, the disputed inclusion and exclusion criteria on the basis of agencies regulations, and the value of diagnostics for therapy assessment.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Ósseas/radioterapia , Neoplasias de Próstata Resistentes à Castração/radioterapia , Rádio (Elemento)/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Ósseas/patologia , Neoplasias Ósseas/secundário , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias de Próstata Resistentes à Castração/patologia , Radioisótopos , Cintilografia , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos/uso terapêutico , Samário/efeitos da radiação , Radioisótopos de Estrôncio/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the prognostic impact of quantitative assessment by maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumour volume (MTV) and tumour lesion glycolysis (TLG) on [F-18] FDG PET/CT for patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis from epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). METHODS: Thirty-one patients with EOC underwent PET/CT for an early restaging after cytoreductive surgery, having been diagnosed with carcinomatosis (before chemotherapy). The SUVmax, MTV (cm3; 42% threshold) and TLG (g) were registered on residual peritoneal lesions. The patients were followed up 20±12months thereafter. The PET/CT results were compared to overall survival (OS). RESULTS: The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis for the SUVmax did not reveal significant differences in OS (p=0.48). The MTV survival analysis showed a significant higher OS in patients presenting with a higher tumour burden than those with less tumour burden (p=0.01; 26 vs. 14 months), whereas TLG exhibited a similar trend though not significant (p=0.06). Apart from chemo-resistance, the higher the MTV, the better will be the response to chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative assessment by MTV rather than by SUVmax and TLG on PET/CT may be helpful for stratifying patients who present with peritoneal carcinomatosis from EOC, in order to implement the appropriate therapeutic regimen.
Assuntos
Fluordesoxiglucose F18 , Neoplasias Epiteliais e Glandulares/patologia , Neoplasias Ovarianas/patologia , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada/métodos , Carcinoma Epitelial do Ovário , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos de Citorredução , Fluordesoxiglucose F18/metabolismo , Glicólise/fisiologia , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Prognóstico , Carga TumoralRESUMO
Recent findings suggest that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are recruited into the microenvironment of developing tumors, where they contribute to metastatic processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of BM-MSCs in promoting osteosarcoma and hepatocellular carcinoma cell progression in vitro and the possible mechanisms involved in these processes. U2OS and SNU-398 are osteosarcoma and hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines, respectively, that can be induced to proliferate when cultured in the presence of BM-MSCs. To determine the effect of BM-MSCs on U2OS and SNU-398 cells, the AKT and ERK signaling pathways were investigated, and increases were observed in active P-Akt and P-Erk forms. Moreover, BM-MSCs caused an increase in tumor cell migration and invasion that was derived from the enhancement of CXCR4 levels. Thus, when tumor cells were treated with the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100, a reduction in their migration and invasion was observed. Furthermore, a new CXCR4 inhibitor, Peptide R, which was recently developed as an anticancer agent, was used to inhibit BM-MSC-mediated tumor invasion and to overcome AMD3100 toxicity. Taken together, these results suggest that inhibiting CXCR4 impairs the cross-talk between tumor cells and BM-MSCs, resulting in reduced metastatic potential in osteosarcoma and hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Ósseas/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/tratamento farmacológico , Movimento Celular , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/fisiologia , Osteossarcoma/tratamento farmacológico , Receptores CXCR4/antagonistas & inibidores , Neoplasias Ósseas/patologia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal , MAP Quinases Reguladas por Sinal Extracelular/metabolismo , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Invasividade Neoplásica , Osteossarcoma/patologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , CicatrizaçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: There is consolidated evidence that the burden of inappropriate laboratory test requests is very high, up to 70%. We describe here the function of a computerized alert system linked to the order entry, designed to limit the number of potentially inappropriate laboratory test requests. DESIGN AND METHODS: A computerized alert system based on re-testing intervals and entailing the generation of pop-up alerts when preset criteria of appropriateness for 15 laboratory tests were violated was implemented in two clinical wards of the University Hospital of Parma. The effectiveness of the system for limiting potentially inappropriate tests was monitored for 6months. RESULTS: Overall, 765/3539 (22%) test requests violated the preset criteria of appropriateness and generated the appearance of electronic alert. After alert appearance, 591 requests were annulled (17% of total tests requested and 77% of tests alerted, respectively). The total number of test requests violating the preset criteria of inappropriateness constantly decreased over time (26% in the first three months of implementation versus 17% in the following period; p<0.001). The total financial saving of test withdrawn was 3387 Euros (12.8% of the total test cost) throughout the study period. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that a computerized alert system may be effective to limit the inappropriateness of laboratory test requests, generating significant economic saving and educating physicians to a more efficient use of laboratory resources.