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STUDY DESIGN: Psychometric study. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to translate, culturally adapt and evaluate the validity and reliability of the Persian (Farsi) version of GLTEQ in patients with multiple sclerosis. METHODS: This study had three phases, including translation of the questionnaire into Persian and making cultural adaptation, evaluation of pre-final version of questionnaire's comprehensibility in a pilot study, and investigation of reliability and validity of the final version of the translated questionnaire. Content validity, and convergent validity (correlations among the Persian version of GLTEQ and Global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ), and international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ)) and after all test-retest reliability were studied. RESULTS: The subjects were 87 MS patients. The Persian version demonstrated moderate to good convergent validity; the correlation coefficient between the Persian version and GPAQ was r=0.64 (p<0.001), and between the Persian version and IPAQ was r=0.59 (p<0.001). The test-retest reliability was strong (Intra-class Correlation (ICC) value ranged between 0.908 and 0.992). Besides, its face validity and content validity were acceptable. CONCLUSIONS: The Persian version of GLTEQ is a valid and reliable instrument to assess physical activity in patients with MS. This questionnaire can be a step toward standardization of physical activity measurement in patients with MS. Also, in research, it provides the possibilities to carry on a comparative study across cultures using the same outcome measure.
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Esclerose Múltipla , Exercício Físico , Humanos , Irã (Geográfico) , Atividades de Lazer , Projetos Piloto , Psicometria , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Spasticity is one of the main complications in poststroke survivors leading to difficulties in walking and standing resulting in high levels of disability. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of deep dry needling on lower limb dysfunction in poststroke spastic patients. METHODS: A randomized clinical trial conducted in poststroke survivors who were assigned to one of 2 groups: Deep dry needling (intervention group) and sham dry needling (control group). The primary outcome measures were Modified Modified Ashworth Scale (MMAS) and functional tests (timed up and go test, 10-meter walk test). Secondary outcome measures were active ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (AROM), passive ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (PROM), single leg stance test, and Barthel index. All measurements were assessed at baseline (T0), immediately after the third session 1 week later (T1), and 1 month after the end of the intervention (T2). RESULTS: We recruited 24 patients (71% male; mean age 57 ± 10 years; 26.4 ± 1.8 kgâ¢m-2; time since event: 25.2 ± 12.5 months). There were significant improvements in MMAS, timed up and go test, 10-meter walk test, Barthel scale, and PROM (P < .05) in the intervention group compared to controls across the time-points. There were no significant improvements in AROM assessments (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: Deep dry needling decreases muscle spasticity and improves lower limb function and gait speed in poststroke survivors.
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Agulhamento Seco , Atividade Motora , Contração Muscular , Espasticidade Muscular/terapia , Músculo Esquelético/inervação , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/complicações , Velocidade de Caminhada , Adulto , Idoso , Avaliação da Deficiência , Método Duplo-Cego , Agulhamento Seco/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Irã (Geográfico) , Extremidade Inferior , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Espasticidade Muscular/diagnóstico , Espasticidade Muscular/etiologia , Espasticidade Muscular/fisiopatologia , Amplitude de Movimento Articular , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/diagnóstico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/fisiopatologia , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate validity and reliability of a new proposed questionnaire for assessment of functional disability in athletes with low back pain (LBP). DESIGN: Validity and reliability study. SETTING: Elite athletes participating in different fields of sports. PARTICIPANTS: Participants were 165 male and female athletes (between 12 and 50 years old) with LBP. INTERVENTIONS: Athlete Disability Index (ADI) Questionnaire which is developed by the authors for assessing LBP-related disability in athletes, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RDQ). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-reported responses were collected regarding LBP-related disability through ADI, ODI, and RDQ. RESULTS: The test-retest reliability was strong, and intraclass correlation value ranged between 0.74 and 0.94. The Cronbach alpha coefficient value of 0.91 (P < 0.001) demonstrated excellent internal consistency of the questionnaire. The correlation coefficient between ADI and ODI was r = 0.918 (P < 0.0001), between ADI and RDQ was r = 0.669 (P < 0.0001), and between ADI and visual analog scale was r = 0.626 (P < 0.001). According to ODI and RDQ, disability levels were mild in the large majority of subjects (91.5% and 86.0%, respectively). Alternatively, disability assessments by the ADI did not cluster at the mild level and ranged more broadly from mild to very high. CONCLUSION: The ADI is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing disability in athletes with LBP. Compared with the available LBP disability questionnaires used in the general population, ADI can more precisely stratify the disability levels of athletes due to LBP.
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Avaliação da Deficiência , Dor Lombar/diagnóstico , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adolescente , Adulto , Atletas , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Medição da Dor , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Autorrelato , Adulto JovemRESUMO
PURPOSE: To investigate the prevalence of low back pain (LBP) and its absence rate among female university student athletes in different types of sports. METHODS: A cross-sectional study based on a standard self-reporting questionnaire was performed among 1335 athletes. Participants were female athletes who attended the National Sports Olympiad of Female University Students in basketball, volleyball, futsal, tennis, badminton, swimming, track and field, shooting, and karate. RESULTS: One thousand and fifty-nine athletes with the mean (SD) age of 23.1 (3.8) years responded to the questionnaire (response rate 79%). The 12-month prevalence of LBP was 39.0%; in addition, lifetime and point prevalence of LBP were 59.7 and 17.8%, respectively. Basketball (47.9 %) and karate (44.0 %) players had reported the highest 12-month prevalence of LBP. Also, LBP prevalences in shooting (29.7 %) and badminton (42.4 %) players were not negligible. Results show that, LBP led to relatively high absence rate from training sessions (27.9%) and matches (13.0%). CONCLUSION: While most of the existing literatures regarding female athletes' LBP have focused on particular sports with specific low back demands (such as skiing and rowing), many other sports have not been studied very well in this regard. Investigating LBP prevalence and related factors in other types of sports, such as combat sports, badminton and shooting, can help us better understand the prevalence of low back pain and provide us with necessary insight to take effective steps towards its prevention in athletes.
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Atletas/estatística & dados numéricos , Traumatismos em Atletas/epidemiologia , Transtornos Traumáticos Cumulativos/epidemiologia , Dor Lombar/epidemiologia , Esportes/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Basquetebol/lesões , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Prevalência , Esportes com Raquete/lesões , Esqui/lesões , Futebol/lesões , Inquéritos e Questionários , Natação/lesões , Universidades , Voleibol/lesões , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of diet and an abdominal resistance training program to diet alone on abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness and waist circumference of overweight and obese women. METHODS: This randomized clinical trial included 40 overweight and obese women randomly divided into 2 groups: diet only and diet combined with 12 weeks of abdominal resistance training. Waist and hip circumferences and abdominal skin folds of the subjects were measured at the beginning and 12 weeks after the interventions. In addition, abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness of the subjects was measured using ultrasonography. Percentage body fat and lean body mass of all the subjects were also measured using a bioelectric impedance device. RESULTS: After 12 weeks of intervention, the weight of participants in both groups decreased; but the difference between the 2 groups was not significant (P = .45). Similarly, other variables including abdominal subcutaneous fat, waist circumference, hip circumference, body mass index, body fat percentage, and skin fold thickness were reduced in both groups; but there were no significant differences between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that abdominal resistance training besides diet did not reduce abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness compared to diet alone in overweight or obese women.
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Obesidade/diagnóstico por imagem , Obesidade/terapia , Treinamento Resistido , Gordura Subcutânea Abdominal/diagnóstico por imagem , Abdome , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Método Simples-Cego , Ultrassonografia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Background: Machine learning is a promising tool in the area of suicide prevention due to its ability to combine the effects of multiple risk factors and complex interactions. The power of machine learning has led to an influx of studies on suicide prediction, as well as a few recent reviews. Our study distinguished between data sources and reported the most important predictors of suicide outcomes identified in the literature. Objective: Our study aimed to identify studies that applied machine learning techniques to administrative and survey data, summarize performance metrics reported in those studies, and enumerate the important risk factors of suicidal thoughts and behaviors identified. Methods: A systematic literature search of PubMed, Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED) to identify all studies that have used machine learning to predict suicidal thoughts and behaviors using administrative and survey data was performed. The search was conducted for articles published between January 1, 2019 and May 11, 2022. In addition, all articles identified in three recently published systematic reviews (the last of which included studies up until January 1, 2019) were retained if they met our inclusion criteria. The predictive power of machine learning methods in predicting suicidal thoughts and behaviors was explored using box plots to summarize the distribution of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values by machine learning method and suicide outcome (i.e., suicidal thoughts, suicide attempt, and death by suicide). Mean AUCs with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed for each suicide outcome by study design, data source, total sample size, sample size of cases, and machine learning methods employed. The most important risk factors were listed. Results: The search strategy identified 2,200 unique records, of which 104 articles met the inclusion criteria. Machine learning algorithms achieved good prediction of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (i.e., an AUC between 0.80 and 0.89); however, their predictive power appears to differ across suicide outcomes. The boosting algorithms achieved good prediction of suicidal thoughts, death by suicide, and all suicide outcomes combined, while neural network algorithms achieved good prediction of suicide attempts. The risk factors for suicidal thoughts and behaviors differed depending on the data source and the population under study. Conclusion: The predictive utility of machine learning for suicidal thoughts and behaviors largely depends on the approach used. The findings of the current review should prove helpful in preparing future machine learning models using administrative and survey data. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022333454 identifier CRD42022333454.
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Background: Built environment determinants of engaging in physical activity are dependent on the properties of societies. This study investigates the relationship between structural variables of the environment using geographic information systems (GIS) and the level of physical activity in 22 districts of Tehran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was based on Urban Health Equity Assessment and Response Tool (Urban HEART-2). Physical activity level was assessed via the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). The characteristics of the neighborhood environment, including land use, street pattern, population density, and traffic, were determined via ArcGIS software. Walkability index (population density, street pattern, land use) was calculated to assess the effect of the main variables of living environment on physical activity level. Results: Among the built environmental variables, land use was associated with the total physical activity and travel-related physical activity level (r: 0.155, P value: 0.001, and r: 0.122, P value: 0.007, respectively). The walkability index indicated an association with the total physical activity level and travel-related physical activity level (r: 0.126, P value: 0.006, and r: 0.135, P value: 0.001, respectively). Higher levels of the walkability index were associated with an improved level of physical activity (OR: 2.04). Conclusions: Walkability index and land use positively correlate with total physical activity level, and providing action plans that improve walkability index and land use might lead to increased physical activity level.
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Aim: The COVID-19 pandemic is a global health emergency, and therefore the prevention and treatment of this disease is an important priority of world health. In the present study, some risk factors, including unhealthy nutrition, obesity, and physical inactivity, were assessed in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, and their effects on the severity and duration of disease were evaluated. Subject and methods: The present study was a cross-sectional study. Data was collected from all patients who visited the respiratory emergency department from March 20, 2020 to April 24, 2020 in the University Hospital. The outcome measures were body mass index, diet quality that was evaluated with a 16-item food intake questionnaire, and physical activity level that was assessed by the global physical activity questionnaire. Results: Two hundred and six patients' data was analyzed. The results investigated that patients with lower levels of physical activity or lower MET.min/week were affected by a more severe form of the disease (p = 0.05 and p = 0.03, respectively). We found that patients with a healthier dietary pattern were affected by lower severity of illness (p < 0.05). Conclusion: It seems that increasing levels of physical activity may partly reduce the severity of COVID-19 disease. Some dietary patterns such as increasing fruit and poultry consumption as well as drinking less tea were correlated significantly with a less severe form of the disease. The results did not confirm previous concerns regarding a potentially harmful effect of smoking on the severity or duration of symptoms.
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BACKGROUND: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the nervous system leading to muscle weakness, including the respiratory muscles that cause pulmonary complications, impair functional capacity, increased fatigue, and as a result decreases the quality of life. AIM: The purpose of the present study is to examine the influence of 8 weeks of respiratory muscle training (RMT) on pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength in MS patients. METHODS: The present study was a single-blind, randomized controlled trial that was conducted on 36 (27 Female, 9 Male) relapsing-remitting MS patients who were definitively diagnosed by a neurologist and randomly were divided into intervention and control groups. Both groups were educated on lifestyle modification with an emphasis on regular physical activity. In addition, the intervention group was prescribed eight weeks of respiratory muscle training with a threshold resistance device, daily, twice a day for three sets of 15 repetitions per set. Maximal expiratory pressure (PImax), maximal expiratory pressure (PEmax), spirometric indices, functional tests (six-minute walk test, timed up and go test), fatigue questionnaire, and questionnaire of quality of life were assessed before and after trials. RESULTS: A total of 36 patients (75% female; mean age 38.00(8.86) years; BMI 26.56(2.64) kg/m2) were included in the study. The strength of inspiratory and expiratory muscles, respiratory function, fatigue, and quality of life were significantly improved in the intervention group (p<0.005). In addition, there was a significant improvement in the rate of fatigue and quality of life in all their dimensions (p<0.005). Only in the six-minute walk test, no significant improvement was seen in the intervention group compared to the control group (p = 0.262). CONCLUSION: Findings could help therapists to provide MS patients with more effective respiratory muscle training protocols to maximize the benefits of rehabilitation.
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Esclerose Múltipla Recidivante-Remitente , Esclerose Múltipla , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Qualidade de Vida , Esclerose Múltipla/complicações , Esclerose Múltipla Recidivante-Remitente/terapia , Esclerose Múltipla Recidivante-Remitente/complicações , Método Simples-Cego , Equilíbrio Postural , Estudos de Tempo e Movimento , Exercícios Respiratórios/efeitos adversos , Exercícios Respiratórios/métodos , Força Muscular/fisiologia , Fadiga/etiologiaRESUMO
Recently, the roles of transabdominal muscles particularly TrA (transverse abdominis) muscle in spinal stability leading to treatment of low back pain have been suggested. Both in clinical setting and follow up studies, abdominal muscle thickness measurements need to be repeated at a later point in time to demonstrate efficacy of a therapeutic intervention. Different issues have been suggested as source of error in the repeated measurements of abdominal muscle thickness in different days such as patient position and stability of probe location. The level of stomach fullness has not been investigated as a source of error in ultrasonic measurements of transabdominal muscles thickness. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of food consumption on thickness of lateral abdominal muscles. Lateral abdominal muscles thicknesses of 63 healthy volunteer men were measured before and after food consumption. All the measurements were performed in two transducer positions and both sides. Waist circumference and body weight of participants were also measured before and post-food consumption. The thickness measures of all three muscles layers of lateral abdominal muscles (external oblique, internal oblique and transversus abdominis) in both sides and measured positions were significantly reduced after food consumption. We found no correlation between the increase of waist circumference and reduction of muscle layer thicknesses after food consumption. In case of comparison between the values of transabdominal muscle thicknesses over the time, the effect of food consumption on muscle thickness might be assumed as a potential source of error.
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Músculos Abdominais/diagnóstico por imagem , Músculos Abdominais/fisiologia , Digestão/fisiologia , Ingestão de Alimentos/fisiologia , Cavidade Abdominal/fisiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Humanos , Dor Lombar/diagnóstico por imagem , Dor Lombar/etiologia , Dor Lombar/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tamanho do Órgão/fisiologia , Valores de Referência , Estômago/fisiologia , Ultrassonografia/métodos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Most papers examining the lateral abdominal muscles (LAMs) and low back pain (LBP) are cross-sectional, with groups of participants being divided into a control and an LBP group. We hypothesized that morphological measurements of the LAMs in adolescent soccer players may predict future LBP incidence. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between the morphology of LAMs and LBP incidence rate among adolescent soccer players. METHODS: Ninety-seven adolescent male soccer players with no LBP at baseline were recruited into the prospective cohort study. The thickness of the LAMs was measured at baseline by ultrasound imaging in a supine rest position. Nine cases of LBP occurred during the follow-up 6-month observation. RESULTS: An obliquus internus (OI) asymmetry was related to increasing LBP risk (odds ratioâ¯=â¯19.99; 95%CI: 2.4-167.9). Spearman correlation also showed a linear relationship between OI asymmetry value and duration of LBP (Râ¯=â¯0.75, pâ¯=â¯0.02). An OI side-to-side difference greater than 1.25â¯mm suggests possible LBP incidence in the 6-month observation among adolescent soccer players. CONCLUSION: The morphological changes of the OI may be related to LBP's incidence in adolescent soccer players. The presence of OI asymmetry increases the odds of LBP by at least 2.4 times. Hypertrophy of the OI on one side of the body may contribute to trunk muscle imbalance.
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Músculos Abdominais/anatomia & histologia , Dor Lombar/etiologia , Futebol/fisiologia , Músculos Abdominais/diagnóstico por imagem , Músculos Abdominais Oblíquos/anatomia & histologia , Músculos Abdominais Oblíquos/diagnóstico por imagem , Adolescente , Criança , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Dor Lombar/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Aumento do Músculo Esquelético , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: While researchers have investigated low back pain (LBP) and its association with the thickness of trunk muscles in the general population, few articles have studied this relationship in athletes. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE: To compare the lateral abdominal muscle thickness and other possible functional risk factors in young soccer players with and without LBP. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: Thirty young male soccer players, with and without LBP, from the Premier League participated in this study. The thicknesses of the external oblique, internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles were measured via musculoskeletal ultrasound imaging, bilaterally. In addition, hamstring flexibility, lumbar spine flexion range of motion, and trunk extensor muscle endurance were measured and were compared in those with and without the history of LBP. RESULTS: The mean age of the subjects was 17.4 (+/- 1.1) years. There was no statistically significant difference between groups (p > 0.05). Subjects with a history of LBP during their lifetime of sports participation (sports life), within the prior year, and within the prior month had statistically significant lower external oblique muscle thickness bilaterally (p<0.05). Subjects with a sports life history of LBP had lower internal oblique muscle thickness on both sides (p<0.05). Moreover, those with a sports life history of LBP had significantly less hamstring flexibility than the non-LBP group on the dominant limb (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: In this sample group of young soccer players, abdominal muscle ultrasound measurements were different between players with and without LBP. Further longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate the role of these muscles as LBP risk factor for soccer players. LEVELS OF EVIDENCE: 3a.
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STUDY DESIGN: A prospective cross-sectional study. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and associated factors with low back pain (LBP) in female adolescents of high school age. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The prevalence of LBP in Tehran is high, and the majority of previous studies on LBP in adolescent and its risk factors have been performed in the developed countries. Therefore, identification of risk factors and planning appropriate protocols for prevention of LBP in adolescents may substantially decrease the prevalence of LBP and its burden in developing countries in future. METHODS: In a prospective cross-sectional study, demographic characteristics, including age, body mass index (BMI), weight and mode of using backpack, family history of LBP in first degree relatives, and passive smoking status of the participants along with a history of LBP were recorded. Joint hypermobility was assessed using Beighton scale. Also, anthropometric measurements, spinal flexion, and hip joint range of motion were measured for each participant. RESULTS: In total, 372 students participated in the study. The mean (SD) age of the participants was 15.8 (0.9) years. The lifetime, more than 3 months, and last month history of LBP was 46.2%, 11.6%, and 31.2%, respectively. Positive history of LBP in the first-degree relatives was significantly associated with LBP in the participants (Pâ<â0.01). The prevalence of passive smoking was significantly higher in the participants with last month history of LBP (Pâ=â0.03). The prevalence of joint hypermobility was 15.9% and was significantly higher in those with the lifetime and last month history of LBP (Pâ<â0.01). CONCLUSION: LBP is a common complaint among adolescent and high school girl students. The results of this study identified the prevalence and associated factors with LBP in high school students and will help develop strategies for prevention and treatment of LBP in the adolescent population. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.
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Dor Lombar/diagnóstico , Dor Lombar/epidemiologia , Instituições Acadêmicas/tendências , Estudantes , Adolescente , Adulto , Índice de Massa Corporal , Peso Corporal/fisiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Masculino , Prevalência , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: To investigate the geographical distribution of physical activity (PA) prevalence among adults aged 15-64 years old across Iran provinces using geographic maps. METHODS: Data from 4 consecutive national surveys conducted between 2007 and 2010 were pooled to determine the geographical distribution. Prevalence of low PA with 95% confidence interval was estimated by sociodemographic subpopulations over provinces using complex survey design. RESULTS: In total, 119,560 participants (49.9% females) were included in the analyses. The mean (SD) age of participants was 39.5 (14.3) years. The prevalence of the low PA in the pooled 2007-2010 was 35.8% (95% confidence interval, 34.1-37.6). The 3 provinces with the highest prevalence of low PA were Sistan and Baluchestan, Yazd, and Hormozgan. The results of hot spot analysis showed that the Kerman province was a hot spot, and Ilam, Kermanshah, Hamedan, and Markazi were cold spots for low PA. Ilam, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, and Mazandaran had the highest total PA volume (metabolic equivalent minutes per week). Hot spot analysis showed that Ilam and Khuzestan provinces were hot spots for the total PA volume. CONCLUSIONS: The regions with low and high PA are predominately situated in the near center/southeast and west, respectively.
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Doença Crônica/epidemiologia , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Exercício Físico/psicologia , Nível de Saúde , Comportamento Sedentário , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Depressão/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Feminino , Geografia , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Incidência , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Adulto JovemRESUMO
There are many proposed core stability exercises in a variety of positions; however, it is not clear that in which position, activation of transverse abdominis muscle is utmost. We aimed to compare the activation of transverse abdominis muscle in different core stability exercise positions through ultrasound imaging. in a 20 subjects' study we compared the effectiveness of drawing-in and bracing maneuvers on transverse abdominis in different core stability exercise positions (supine, hook lying, supine with 90° flexed knee and hip, supine with stretched knees and 90° flexed hips, bridge, bridge with one stretched knee and Bird dog). We used activation ratio and preferential activation ratio as measurements of transverse abdominis activation. Abdominal Bracing in the bridge position showed the highest activation of transverse abdominis (P<0.05). The results showed significantly higher activation of transverse abdominis, measured by preferential activation ratio, in bridge position during abdominal bracing.
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STUDY DESIGN: Single-blinded randomized controlled trial. PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of a multi-step core stability exercise program in nurses with chronic low back pain (CLBP). OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: CLBP is a common disorder among nurses. Considering that patient-handling activities predispose nurses to CLBP, core stability exercises suggested for managing CLBP in the general population may also be helpful in nurses. However, sufficient evidence is not available on whether a multi-step core stability exercise program affects pain, disability, quality of life, and the diameter of lateral abdominal muscles in nurses with CLBP. METHODS: In this single-blinded randomized controlled trial, 36 female nurses with CLBP were recruited. The sample was divided into two groups of 18 patients (intervention and control). Nurses in the intervention group performed core stability exercises for 8 weeks, based on a progressive pattern over time. Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RDQ), quality of life (36-item Short Form Health Survey [SF-36]), ultrasound assessment of the diameter of lateral abdominal muscles, and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score for pain were evaluated in the participants before and after the trial. Sixteen nurses (eight from each group) dropped out of the study, and analysis of covariance was used to compare outcomes for the remaining nurses in the intervention (10 nurses) and control (10 nurses) groups. RESULTS: The results after the trial showed significant improvements in RDQ, SF-36, and VAS score in the intervention group compared with that in the control group (p <0.005). Furthermore, the ultrasound data showed a significant increase in the left and right muscle diameter of all three abdominal muscles during the abdominal drawing-in maneuver in the intervention group compared with that in the control group (p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that a multi-step core stability exercise program is a helpful treatment option for improving quality of life and reducing disability and pain in female nurses with CLBP.
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Many studies have investigated the prevalence of neck pain (NP) and its risk factors in the general population. However, the prevalence of NP among athletes has not yet been systematically investigated. We aimed to systematically review the prevalence of NP in athletes. A comprehensive search was conducted in September 2015 using PubMed, Ovid SP Medline, ISI, and Google Scholar. We included studies in English that reported the prevalence of NP in an athletic population during a defined period of time. We assessed the risk of bias in studies due to various definitions of NP, response rates, and reliability of the study instruments. Two reviewers independently assessed the studies' quality and performed data extraction. Of 1,675 titles identified, eight articles were assessed for risk of bias, and six with low or moderate risk were included. NP was shown to be prevalent in athletes, with a 1-week prevalence ranging from 8% to 45%, a 1-year prevalence ranging from 38% to 73%, and a lifetime prevalence of about 48%. The prevalence of NP in athletes is high. More studies regarding the prevalence and risk factors of NP may be useful for planning educational programs and developing appropriate rehabilitation protocols and preventive guidelines. Researchers are encouraged to perform epidemiologic studies in athletes with a low risk of bias.
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STUDY DESIGN: Translation and cultural adaptation of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Task Force's minimal dataset. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate validity and reliability of the Farsi version of NIH Task Force's recommended multidimensional minimal dataset for research on chronic low back pain (CLBP). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Considering the high treatment cost of CLBP and its increasing prevalence, NIH Pain Consortium developed research standards (including recommendations for definitions, a minimum dataset, and outcomes' report) for studies regarding CLBP. Application of these recommendations could standardize research and improve comparability of different studies in CLBP. METHODS: This study has three phases: translation of dataset into Farsi and its cultural adaptation, assessment of pre-final version of dataset's comprehensibility via a pilot study, and investigation of the reliability and validity of final version of translated dataset. Subjects were 250 patients with CLBP. Test-retest reliability, content validity, and convergent validity (correlations among different dimensions of dataset and Farsi versions of Oswestry Disability Index, Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire, Fear-Avoidance Belief Questionnaire, and Beck Depression Inventory-II) were assessed. RESULTS: The Farsi version demonstrated good/excellent convergent validity (the correlation coefficient between impact dimension and ODI was râ=â0.75 [Pâ<â0.001], between impact dimension and Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire was râ=â0.80 [Pâ<â0.001], and between psychological dimension and BDI was râ=â0.62 [Pâ<â0.001]). The test-retest reliability was also strong (intraclass correlation coefficient value ranged between 0.70 and 0.95) and the internal consistency was good/excellent (Chronbach's alpha coefficients' value for two main dimensions including impact dimension and psychological dimension were 0.91 and 0.82 [Pâ<â0.001], respectively). In addition, its face validity and content validity were acceptable. CONCLUSION: The Farsi version of minimal dataset for research on CLBP is a reliable and valid instrument for data gathering in patients with CLBP. This minimum dataset can be a step toward standardization of research regarding CLBP. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.
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Comitês Consultivos/normas , Comparação Transcultural , Bases de Dados Factuais/normas , Dor Lombar/diagnóstico , National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/normas , Traduções , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Dor Crônica/diagnóstico , Dor Crônica/etnologia , Feminino , Humanos , Dor Lombar/etnologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Projetos Piloto , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estados Unidos/etnologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
A 40-year-old retired male elite athlete with more than 20 years' experience in wrestling and bodybuilding with mild elbow pain and disability of 2 years presented to our clinic reporting an acute pain in medial aspect of the elbow. Physical examination revealed symptoms of left Golfer's elbow during target-directed movements. The results of sonography in left elbow showed low level of hypo echo irregularity and increased blood flow in color Doppler mode in the common flexor origin. The pain amplitude was moderate at rest and extremely high during kinetic and intentional movements. During last 2 years, the patient tried different types of therapy including manual therapy, Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and also received a variety of injections none of which were effective for reducing pain and disability. This is the first study showed that one sessions of dry needling improved both pain and disability and helped to return to a normal life and exercise training.