RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to test the hypothesis that comprehensive simplified left atrial (LA) assessment derived from routine echocardiography may be more useful than assessment of LA volume alone for predicting atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). METHODS: We studied 156 patients with paroxysmal AF (PAF) who had undergone PVI. Echocardiography was performed within two days before PVI. Maximum (Max-LAVi) and minimum LA volume index (Min-LAVi) were calculated with the biplane modified Simpson's method, and then normalized to the body surface area. On the basis of previous findings, the predefined cutoff value of Max-LAVi for AF recurrence was set at Max-LAVi ≥ 34 mL/m2 . ΔLA volume index (ΔLAVi) was also calculated as Max-LAVi minus Min-LAVi. The follow-up period after PVI was 24 months. RESULTS: AF recurrence was observed in 35 patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that ΔLAVi (odds ratio [OR]: 1.131; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.057-1.221; P < 0.001) was an independent predictor of AF recurrence. Sequential logistic regression models for predicting AF recurrence revealed that a model based on clinical variables including age, gender and AF duration (χ2 = 1.65) was improved by the addition of Max-LAVi ≥ 34 mL/m2 (χ2 = 13.8; P < 0.001), and further improved by the addition of ΔLAVi (χ2 = 18.2; P = 0.036). Of note is that only 1.02 ± 0.10 minutes per patient was needed to obtain a comprehensive LA assessment that included Max-LAVi, Min-LAVi, and ΔLAVi. CONCLUSION: This easy-to-use comprehensive simplified LA approach from routine echocardiography may well have clinical implications for better management of PAF patients.
Assuntos
Fibrilação Atrial/diagnóstico , Fibrilação Atrial/terapia , Ecocardiografia/métodos , Veias Pulmonares/cirurgia , Idoso , Fibrilação Atrial/patologia , Feminino , Átrios do Coração/diagnóstico por imagem , Átrios do Coração/patologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tamanho do Órgão , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Veias Pulmonares/fisiopatologia , Recidiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Our aim was to investigate the baseline clinical and echocardiographic parameters for predicting left ventricular (LV) dysfunction after anthracycline chemotherapy and heart failure (HF) hospitalization in a single cancer disease. MethodsâandâResults: We studied 73 patients with malignant lymphoma and preserved LV ejection fraction (LVEF). Echocardiography was performed before and after anthracycline chemotherapy. Global longitudinal strain (GLS) was determined from 3 standard apical views. LV dysfunction after anthracycline chemotherapy was defined according to the current definition of cancer therapeutics-related cardiac dysfunction. Long-term (50-month) unfavorable outcome was prespecified as hospitalization for HF. A total of 10 patients had LV dysfunction after anthracycline chemotherapy. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that baseline GLS was the only independent predictor of this dysfunction. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis identified the optimal GLS cutoff for predicting LV dysfunction after anthracycline chemotherapy as ≤19% (P=0.008). Furthermore, the Kaplan-Meier curve indicated that fewer patients with GLS >19% were hospitalized for HF than among those with GLS ≤19% (log-rank P=0.02). For sequential logistic models, a model based on baseline clinical variables (χ2=2.9) was improved by the addition of baseline LVEF (χ2=9.0; P=0.01), and further improved by the addition of baseline GLS (χ2=13.1, P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Watchful observation or early therapeutic intervention with established cardioprotective medications may be necessary for patients with malignant lymphoma and preserved LVEF but with abnormal GLS.
Assuntos
Antraciclinas/efeitos adversos , Insuficiência Cardíaca/diagnóstico por imagem , Hospitalização , Linfoma/complicações , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/diagnóstico por imagem , Idoso , Antraciclinas/uso terapêutico , Ecocardiografia , Feminino , Insuficiência Cardíaca/etiologia , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Linfoma/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Curva ROC , Volume Sistólico , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/etiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The closure of atrial septal defect (ASD) results in normalized left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) geometry, and can increase LV stroke volume (LVSV), but the parameters associated with this increase after the closure of ASD remain uncertain. METHODS: Seventy ASD patients, who underwent transcatheter closure, were studied. Their mean age was 57.80 ± 16.88 years, 42 (60%) were female, and LV ejection fraction (LVEF) was 66.76% ± 7.91% (all ≥55%). Transthoracic echocardiography was performed before and 3 months after the procedure. Global longitudinal strain (GLS) was determined as the average peak speckle tracking strain of 18 segments from the 3 standard apical views, LV dispersion was defined as standard deviation of time-to-peak strain from the same views, and RV systolic function was calculated by averaging the 3-regional peak speckle tracking longitudinal strains from the RV free wall. A significant relative increase in LVSV between before and 3 months after the closure was defined as ∆LVSV ≥15%. Twenty age-, gender-, and LVEF-matched controls served as the control group. RESULTS: Global longitudinal strain (GLS) and RV free wall strain were similar for ASD patients and controls, but LV dispersion in ASD patients was significantly larger. Global longitudinal strain (GLS) remained unchanged after transcatheter closure, whereas RV free wall strain and LV dispersion decreased significantly. An important finding of the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that ∆LV dispersion was the only independent determinant of increased LVSV after the closure (OR 1.023; 95% CI 1.001-1.046; P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: The assessment of LV dispersion may well have clinical implications for better management of ASD patients after transcatheter closure.
Assuntos
Cateterismo Cardíaco , Ecocardiografia , Comunicação Interatrial/cirurgia , Ventrículos do Coração/diagnóstico por imagem , Dispositivo para Oclusão Septal , Função Ventricular Esquerda/fisiologia , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by marked and sustained elevation of pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary artery pressure, and subsequent right-sided heart failure. Right ventricular (RV) function and exercise capacity have been recognized as important prognostic factors for PH. Our aim was to investigate RV contractile reserve and exercise capacity during a leg-positive pressure (LPP) maneuver. METHODS: The study population comprised 43 PH patients and 17 normal controls. All patients underwent echocardiography at rest and during LPP stress. Exercise capacity was assessed by 6-minute walk distance for PH patients. RV relative wall thickness was calculated from dividing by RV free wall thickness by basal RV linear dimensions at end-diastole. RV function was calculated by averaging peak speckle-tracking longitudinal strain from the RV free wall. RV contractile reserve was assessed as the difference in RV free wall strain at rest and during LPP stress. Changes in left ventricular stroke volume (ΔSV) during LPP stress were also calculated. RESULTS: ΔSV and RV contractile reserve of PH patients were significantly lower than of controls (3.6 ± 6.0 mL vs 8.5 ± 2.3 mL, and 8.2 ± 11.9% vs 14.5 ± 6.6%; both P < 0.01). RV contractile reserve of PH patients with ΔSV <3.3 mL was significantly lower than of PH patients with ΔSV >3.3 mL (3.9 ± 13.2% vs 12.3 ± 8.9%; P = 0.02). ΔSV had also significant correlation with 6-minute walk distance (r = 0.42, P = 0.006). Multivariate regression analysis showed that RV relative wall thickness was an independent determinant parameter of ΔSV during LPP stress for PH patients (ß = 3.2, P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Preload stress echocardiography in response to LPP maneuver, a noninvasive and easy-to-use procedure for routine clinical use, proved to be useful for the assessment of RV contractile reserve and exercise capacity of PH patients.
Assuntos
Ecocardiografia Doppler/métodos , Tolerância ao Exercício/fisiologia , Ventrículos do Coração/diagnóstico por imagem , Hipertensão Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Contração Miocárdica/fisiologia , Função Ventricular Direita/fisiologia , Teste de Esforço , Feminino , Seguimentos , Ventrículos do Coração/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Hipertensão Pulmonar/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Artéria Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Pulmonar/fisiopatologia , Pressão Propulsora Pulmonar , Resistência Vascular/fisiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Coexistence of left ventricular (LV) longitudinal myocardial systolic dysfunction with LV diastolic dysfunction could lead to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Diabetes mellitus (DM) is known as a significant factor associated with HFpEF. Although the mechanisms of DM-related LV myocardial injury are complex, it has been postulated that overweight contributes to the development of LV myocardial injury in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. However, the precise impact of overweight on LV longitudinal myocardial systolic function in T2DM patients remains unclear. METHODS: We studied 145 asymptomatic T2DM patients with preserved LV ejection fraction (LVEF) without coronary artery disease. LV longitudinal myocardial systolic function was assessed by global longitudinal strain (GLS), which was defined as the average peak strain of 18-segments obtained from standard apical views. Overweight was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2. Ninety age-, gender- and LVEF-matched healthy volunteers served as controls. RESULTS: GLS of overweight T2DM patients was significantly lower than that of non-overweight patients (17.9 ± 2.4% vs. 18.9 ± 2.6%, p < 0.05), whereas GLS of both overweight and non-overweight controls was similar (19.8 ± 1.3% vs. 20.4 ± 2.1%, p = 0.38). Furthermore, multiple regression analysis revealed that for T2DM patients, BMI was the independent determinant parameters for GLS as well as LV mass index. CONCLUSIONS: Overweight has a greater effect on LV longitudinal myocardial systolic function in T2DM patients than on that in non-DM healthy subjects. Our finding further suggests that the strict control of overweight in T2DM patients may be associated with prevention of the development of HFpEF.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico por imagem , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/fisiopatologia , Sobrepeso/diagnóstico por imagem , Sobrepeso/fisiopatologia , Função Ventricular Esquerda/fisiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Volume Sistólico/fisiologia , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/diagnóstico por imagem , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/epidemiologia , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Although aortic valve intervention is recommended for virtually all symptomatic patients with aortic stenosis (AS), how urgently the intervention should be performed remains controversial. The aim of this study was thus to determine whether the preload reserve in response to leg-positive pressure (LPP) maneuver could serve for decision-making for AS patients awaiting aortic valve intervention.MethodsâandâResults:Sixty-eight patients with symptomatic AS, who were referred for aortic valve intervention, were recruited. Stroke volume (SV) was assessed by means of pulsed-wave Doppler, and the ratio between transmitral E wave and mitral annular velocity (e') was calculated to estimate ventricular filling pressure. While waiting for intervention, 11 patients experienced preoperative cardiac events. During acute preload stress, forward SV for patients without cardiac events increased significantly (from 43±9 to 49±10 mL/m2, P<0.01) along with a minimal change in filling pressure (E/e': from 20±8 to 21±9, NS). For patients with cardiac events, the Frank-Starling mechanism was significantly impaired (SVi: from 40±9 to 38±7 mL/m2, NS), while filling pressure increased to the critical level (E/e': from 24±8 to 31±8, P<0.001). Both the patients without flow reserve (∆SVi <4.5 mL/m2) and those without diastolic reserve (∆E/e' ≥2.9) exhibited significantly worse event-free survival than the others (P<0.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Assessment of preload reserve during LPP stress could facilitate risk stratification of patients with severe AS waiting for aortic valve intervention.
Assuntos
Estenose da Valva Aórtica/diagnóstico , Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Ecocardiografia sob Estresse/métodos , Pressão Ventricular/fisiologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Prognóstico , Medição de RiscoRESUMO
Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (LVH) is an independent cardiovascular risk factor for heart failure (HF) patients. The renin-angiotensin system plays a key role in LVH, and since olmesartan increases plasma angiotensin-(1-7) through an increase in angiotensin-converting enzyme-related carboxypeptidase (ACE2) expression, it was hypothesized to reduce LVH, unlike other angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs). The objective of this study was therefore to investigate the effects of a changeover from other ARBs to olmesartan on LVH in HF patients. Participants enrolled in this prospective trial were 64 outpatients with stable HF who had received ARBs other than olmesartan for more than 1 year (age: 59 ± 13 years). Transthoracic echocardiography and laboratory tests were performed before and 6 months after administration of olmesartan. Other drugs were not changed during follow-up. The primary end point was defined as a change in LV mass index (LVMI) from baseline up to 6 months after administration of olmesartan. No significant changes were observed in blood pressures and heart rate after administration of olmesartan. LVMI showed a significant decrease from 119 ± 38 to 110 ± 24 g/m2 (p = 0.007) 6 months after administration of olmesartan, and further decreased from 110 ± 24 to 103 ± 35 g/m2 (p = 0.0003) after 12 months. Moreover, this reduction tended to be more prominent in patients with LVH. In conclusions, LVH in HF patients was reduced by the changeover to olmesartan. This finding may well have clinical implications for better management of HF patients.
Assuntos
Bloqueadores do Receptor Tipo 1 de Angiotensina II/administração & dosagem , Substituição de Medicamentos/métodos , Insuficiência Cardíaca/prevenção & controle , Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda/tratamento farmacológico , Imidazóis/administração & dosagem , Tetrazóis/administração & dosagem , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ecocardiografia Doppler de Pulso , Feminino , Seguimentos , Insuficiência Cardíaca/etiologia , Humanos , Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda/complicações , Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pacientes Ambulatoriais , Estudos Prospectivos , Sistema Renina-Angiotensina/efeitos dos fármacos , Fatores de Risco , Volume Sistólico/efeitos dos fármacos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Although right ventricular (RV) pacing is the only effective treatment for patients with symptomatic bradycardia, it creates left ventricular (LV) dyssynchrony, which can induce LV dysfunction and heart failure. The current criterion for consideration of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is LV ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 35%, but indication for CRT in patients required for RV pacing with LVEF > 35% remains unclear.We studied 40 patients, all LVEF ≥ 35%, who had undergone implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation with RV pacing < 5%. Echocardiography was performed at baseline and during RV pacing. LV dyssynchrony was defined as anteroseptal-to-posterior wall delay from the mid-LV short-axis view using two-dimensional speckle-tracking radial strain (significant: ≥ 130 ms). Patients were divided into two groups based on baseline LVEF: normal LVEF ( ≥ 50%; n = 20) and mildly reduced LVEF (35-50%; n = 20).LVEF and LV dyssynchrony in patients with mildly reduced LVEF deteriorated significantly during RV pacing compared to those in patients with normal LVEF. Moreover, changes in LV dyssynchrony during RV pacing significantly correlated with changes in LVEF (r = -0.44, P < 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that baseline LVEF was the only independent predictor and baseline LVEF < 48% predictive of significant LV dyssynchrony during RV pacing.The extent of RV pacing-induced LV dysfunction may be associated with baseline LV function. These adverse effects on patients with mildly reduced LVEF of 35-50% and indications for RV pacing due to bradycardia can thus be prevented by CRT.
Assuntos
Bradicardia/complicações , Estimulação Cardíaca Artificial/métodos , Ventrículos do Coração/fisiopatologia , Medição de Risco/métodos , Disfunção Ventricular Direita/etiologia , Função Ventricular Esquerda/fisiologia , Idoso , Bradicardia/fisiopatologia , Bradicardia/terapia , Ecocardiografia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Ventrículos do Coração/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Incidência , Japão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Volume Sistólico/fisiologia , Disfunção Ventricular Direita/diagnóstico , Disfunção Ventricular Direita/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Diabetic nephropathy is independently associated with longitudinal systolic dysfunction of the left ventricle (LV) in asymptomatic diabetes mellitus (DM) patients with preserved LV ejection fraction (LVEF). However, the effect of diabetic nephropathy on left atrial (LA) function remains unknown. METHODSâANDâRESULTS: We studied 198 asymptomatic DM patients (LVEF ≥50%). Diabetic nephropathy was defined as a protein level higher than for micro-albuminuria. LV global longitudinal strain (GLS) and LA strain were analyzed by 2D speckle-tracking; 69 age-, sex-, and LVEF-matched controls were also studied. GLS and LA strain in systole (LAS-s) decreased significantly from normal controls to DM patients without (n=137) and with nephropathy (n=61), in that order. Furthermore, GLS, LAS-s, and LA strain in late diastole (LAS-a) were significantly lower in DM patients with macro-albuminuria (n=19) than in those with micro-albuminuria (n=42). Although 1 multivariate regression analysis identified albuminuria as an independent determinative factor of LAS-s among other relevant clinical background factors (ß=-0.16, P=0.002), another multivariate regression model for LAS-s+GLS (ß=0.40, P<0.001) showed that albuminuria was not a significant factor (ß=-0.02, P=0.68). Similarly, another multivariate regression model including GLS (ß=0.32, P<0.001) demonstrated that clinical features relevant for LAS-a, except for age, were not independent determinants of LAS-a. CONCLUSIONS: The cross-linked association of LA strain with GLS and albuminuria may be important for better understanding the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. (Circ J 2016; 80: 1957-1964).
Assuntos
Nefropatias Diabéticas , Ecocardiografia , Ventrículos do Coração , Volume Sistólico , Adulto , Idoso , Nefropatias Diabéticas/diagnóstico por imagem , Nefropatias Diabéticas/fisiopatologia , Átrios do Coração/diagnóstico por imagem , Átrios do Coração/fisiopatologia , Ventrículos do Coração/diagnóstico por imagem , Ventrículos do Coração/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Right ventricular (RV) systolic function is one of the most important determinants of outcome for pulmonary hypertension (PH) patients, but the factors influencing prognosis vary widely. Elevated right atrial (RA) pressure is reported to be one of these prognostic factors, but its functional importance has scarcely been assessed. METHODS: Eighty-two PH patients, all of whom underwent echocardiography and right heart catheterization, were recruited. RV function was assessed by two-dimensional speckle tracking longitudinal strain from RV-focused apical four-chamber view and calculated by averaging the three regional peak strains from the RV free wall (RV-free). RA function was determined as the sum of three peak strain values comprising reservoir, conduit, and contractile function (sum of RA strain). RESULTS: Sum of RA strain correlated significantly with hemodynamic parameters such as mean right atrial pressure (r = -0.35, P = 0.002) and end-diastolic RV pressure (r = -0.29, P = 0.008). Patients with sum of RA strain ≥30.2% experienced more favorable outcomes than those with sum of RA strain <30.2% (log-rank P = 0.001). Furthermore, patients with impaired RV systolic function (RV-free <20%) and RA function (sum of RA strain <30.2%) showed the worst outcome (P = 0.001). A sequential Cox model based on clinical variables (χ(2) = 5.8) was improved by addition of RV-free (χ(2) = 8.7; P < 0.05) and further improved by addition of sum of RA strain (χ(2) = 12.0; P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Right atrial strain appears to be a valuable additive factor for predicting outcomes for PH patients, and comprehensive functional assessment of right-sided heart using speckle tracking strain may have potential clinical implications for better management of PH patients.
Assuntos
Ecocardiografia/métodos , Técnicas de Imagem por Elasticidade/métodos , Hipertensão Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Hipertensão Pulmonar/fisiopatologia , Disfunção Ventricular Direita/diagnóstico por imagem , Disfunção Ventricular Direita/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão Pulmonar/complicações , Interpretação de Imagem Assistida por Computador/métodos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Volume Sistólico , Disfunção Ventricular Direita/etiologia , Função Ventricular DireitaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Subclinical left ventricular (LV) longitudinal myocardial systolic dysfunction occurs in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and preserved LV ejection fraction (LVEF), and is closely related to DM-related complications. However, the association of diabetic neuropathy (DN) with subclinical LV systolic longitudinal dysfunction in such patients has not been fully clarified. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 112 consecutive DM patients with preserved LVEF (all ≥50%) without coronary artery disease and overt heart failure (aged 59 ± 14 years; 60 women, 52 men). Global longitudinal strain (GLS) was determined as the average peak strain of 18 segments from the three standard apical views, and was expressed as an absolute value. DN was diagnosed by experienced diabetologists. Median, ulnar, and sural nerves were subjected to motor and sensory nerve conduction studies. F-wave latency was defined as the minimum F-wave latency after a total of 16 stimulations of the tibial nerve. RESULTS: Forty-one (37%) patients were clinically diagnosed with DN. LV functions of DM patients with and without DN were similar except for GLS being significantly smaller in patients with than in patients without DN (18 ± 2% vs. 20 ± 2%, p < 0.001). It was noteworthy that, of the parameters for the nerve conduction study, only F-wave latency correlated with GLS (r = -0.34, p < 0.001), and also was identified as an independent determinative value of GLS in a multivariate linear regression model (ß = -0.25, p = 0.001) even after adjustment for other closely related GLS factors. CONCLUSIONS: Monitoring of F-wave latency may aid early detection of not only DN but also subclinical LV dysfunction. Joint planning of assessment by diabetologists and cardiologists is therefore advisable for better management of DM patients.
Assuntos
Neuropatias Diabéticas/diagnóstico , Neuropatias Diabéticas/fisiopatologia , Condução Nervosa , Nervos Periféricos/fisiopatologia , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/diagnóstico , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/fisiopatologia , Idoso , Neuropatias Diabéticas/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Condução Nervosa/fisiologia , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Left ventricular (LV) longitudinal systolic dysfunction has been identified even in asymptomatic patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and preserved LV ejection fraction (LVEF). However, its relevant clinical features have not been fully evaluated. METHODS: We studied 144 asymptomatic DM patients without coronary artery disease. Their mean age was 57 ± 15 years, 79 (55%) were female, and mean LVEF was 66 ± 4% (all ≥50%). Global longitudinal strain (GLS) was determined as the average peak strain of 18 segments from the three standard apical views, and was expressed as an absolute value. With the pre-defined cutoff for subclinical LV systolic dysfunction in DM patients with preserved LVEF set at GLS < 18%, this dysfunction was detected in 53 patients (37%). RESULTS: Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that type 2 DM, hypertriglyceridemia, overweight/obesity, nephropathy and neuropathy were independently associated with GLS < 18%, with nephropathy being the highest risk factor (OR: 5.26; 95% CI 2.111-13.12, p < 0.001). For sequential logistic regression models, a model based on clinical variables including gender, type 2 DM and DM duration (χ(2) = 24.1) was improved by addition of overweight/obesity and hypertriglyceridemia (χ(2) = 45.6, p < 0.001), and further improved by addition of nephropathy and neuropathy (χ(2) = 70.2, p < 0.001) as variables. Furthermore, albuminuria significantly correlated with GLS (r = -0.51, p < 0.001), and a multivariate regression model showed it to be the factor most closely associated with GLS (ß = -0.33, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Diabetic complications, hypertriglyceridemia and overweight/obesity were closely associated with early stage of LV systolic longitudinal myocardial dysfunction in asymptomatic DM patients with preserved LVEF. Our findings can be clinically noticeable for the management of DM patients.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Cardiomiopatias Diabéticas/etiologia , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/etiologia , Função Ventricular Esquerda , Adulto , Idoso , Doenças Assintomáticas , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Estudos Transversais , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico , Cardiomiopatias Diabéticas/diagnóstico , Cardiomiopatias Diabéticas/fisiopatologia , Ecocardiografia Doppler em Cores , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertrigliceridemia/complicações , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Obesidade/complicações , Razão de Chances , Prognóstico , Fatores de Risco , Volume Sistólico , Sístole , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/diagnóstico , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Although superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome has also been reported as a late complication of pacemaker (PM) implantation, acute onset of SVC syndrome caused by disdialysis syndrome in patients with PM implantation is very rare. There are no specific therapies or guidelines. CASE SUMMARY: A 96-year-old woman receiving dialysis was implanted with a PM due to sick sinus syndrome. She was referred to our facility for chest discomfort experienced during dialysis. Upon examination, unilateral pleural effusion on the right side was cloudy with a foul odour. The patient was diagnosed with pyothorax and treated with antibiotics. After the effusion was reduced, it gradually reaggravated and remained cloudy. In this case, SVC syndrome, which is generally considered a late complication after PM implantation, rapidly developed following the bacteraemia, resulting in impaired venous return, chylothorax, and disdialysis syndrome. After catheter intervention for SVC stenosis, the patient's symptoms promptly improved. The patient has been recurrence-free for a year. CONCLUSION: Acute SVC syndrome can cause dysdialysis in PM-implanted patients. Catheter intervention alone has improved this condition for a traceable period.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Calcification of the left atrium (LA) is a rare condition and can be the result of long-standing rheumatic mitral stenosis or an unusual complication after mitral valve replacement. Cases of massive LA calcification have sometimes been referred to as those with 'coconut LA' or 'porcelain LA'. CASE SUMMARY: A 75-year-old woman was referred to our hospital because of chest discomfort and exertional dyspnoea. Doppler echocardiography revealed the presence of elevated filling pressure with significant LA dysfunction. A cardiac catheter examination revealed a quite impressive pulmonary capillary wedge pressure waveform with a steep up-slope and prominent v wave of 43 mmHg (mean: 15 mmHg). Multidetector row computed tomography revealed that LA was sandwiched by dense calcifications along the roof and bottom of the LA, and the posterior wall was compressed by a vertebral body. Integration of these functional and anatomical findings ultimately led to the diagnosis of 'stiff LA syndrome'. DISCUSSION: She had a history of tuberculosis but no history of rheumatic fever or cardiac surgery. Thus, it appeared that the tuberculous pericarditis might have led to the calcified LA by long lasting inflammation. In this case, the LA was encased by a dense calcification and compressed by vertebral body from the posterior direction. Therefore, we speculated that the LA pressure could easily elevate even with a slight haemodynamic load in this special case, and thus eventually resulting in decompensated heart failure.
RESUMO
A 59-year-old man with a history of giant cell myocarditis was admitted to our hospital with recurrent giant cell myocarditis triggered by a 1 mg/day taper in his prednisolone dose. During the initial episode, he had undergone rescue implantation of a temporary left ventricular assist device followed by the administration of dual immunosuppressive therapy with prednisolone and concomitant cyclosporine. Triple combination immunosuppressive therapy maintained with additional mycophenolate mofetil successfully controlled recurrent myocarditis, enabled a reduction in the prednisolone dose, and achieved the functional recovery of the left ventricle.
Assuntos
Ciclosporina/uso terapêutico , Quimioterapia Combinada/métodos , Células Gigantes/efeitos dos fármacos , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Ácido Micofenólico/uso terapêutico , Miocardite/tratamento farmacológico , Prednisolona/uso terapêutico , Terapia Combinada , Coração Auxiliar , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Mycosis fungoides (MF) has been reported to be the most common cutaneous lymphoma with a good prognosis and myocardial infiltration is clinically rare. We hereby report a case of rapidly progressing acute heart failure due to myocardial infiltration by MF. Perfusion cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a massive perfusion defect in the left ventricle (LV) where multiple nodular enhancement areas by delayed enhancement MRI could be documented in the postero-lateral wall of the LV, which resulted in a deterioration of the LV function and mitral regurgitation. Autopsy confirmed the myocardial infiltration by the MF, which corresponded with the MRI findings.
RESUMO
A 58-year-old man with a recent history of generalized myalgia and muscle weakness was transferred to our hospital because of acute progressive dyspnea. The patient underwent left ventricular (LV) assist device (LVAD) implantation due to cardiogenic shock with a LV ejection fraction (LVEF) of 6%. The histological findings obtained from LV apex showed the infiltration of multinucleated giant cells and severe myocardial contusion. Combining this histological finding with our experienced neurologists comments, resulted in a final diagnosis of fulminant giant cell myocarditis associated with polymyositis. A day after LVAD implantation, the patient received corticosteroid and immunosuppressive therapy, and the LVEF recovered to 68%.
Assuntos
Células Gigantes/patologia , Coração Auxiliar , Miocardite/terapia , Polimiosite/terapia , Quimioterapia Combinada , Glucocorticoides/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Miocardite/complicações , Miocardite/patologia , Miocárdio/patologia , Polimiosite/complicações , Polimiosite/patologia , Indução de Remissão , Choque Cardiogênico/etiologia , Choque Cardiogênico/terapia , Função Ventricular Esquerda/fisiologiaRESUMO
Left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction and longitudinal systolic dysfunction were identified in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). This study's aim was to investigate the impact of LV longitudinal systolic function on LV diastolic function in DM patients with preserved LV ejection fraction (LVEF). We studied 177 DM patients with preserved LVEF (all ≥50%), and 82 age-, gender- and LVEF-matched healthy volunteers as control. Global longitudinal strain (GLS) was defined as the average peak strain of 18 segments from standard apical views, GLS <18% as subclinical LV systolic dysfunction (LVSD), and LV dispersion as the standard deviation of time-to-peak strain from the same views. For DM patients with LVSD (n = 74), E/A and E' were lower, and E/E' and isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) were greater than for DM patients without LVSD (n = 103) and normal controls (n = 82). Moreover, these parameters were lower for DM patients without LVSD than for normal controls. Multivariate analysis revealed that GLS was a strong determinative factor for E' and E/E' (ß = 0.30, p < 0.001 and ß = -0.25, p < 0.001, respectively), as was LV dispersion for E-wave deceleration time and IVRT (ß = 0.21, p = 0.002 and ß = 0.30, p < 0.001, respectively) independently of age. For normal subjects, however, only age was associated with all LV diastolic parameters. In conclusions, in contrast to age-related LV diastolic dysfunction in normal subjects, in DM patients with preserved LVEF, LV diastolic function was associated with LV longitudinal systolic function and LV dispersion independently of age. Our findings have obvious clinical implications for the management of DM patients.
Assuntos
Cardiomiopatias Diabéticas/fisiopatologia , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/fisiopatologia , Função Ventricular Esquerda , Adulto , Idoso , Doenças Assintomáticas , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos Transversais , Cardiomiopatias Diabéticas/diagnóstico por imagem , Cardiomiopatias Diabéticas/etiologia , Diástole , Progressão da Doença , Ecocardiografia Doppler , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Prospectivos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/diagnóstico por imagem , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/etiologiaRESUMO
Mid-term right ventricular (RV) reverse remodeling after treatment in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) is associated with long-term outcome as well as baseline RV remodeling. However, baseline factors influencing mid-term RV reverse remodeling after treatment and its prognostic capability remain unclear. We studied 54 PH patients. Mid-term RV remodeling was assessed in terms of the RV area, which was traced planimetrically at the end-systole (RVESA). RV reverse remodeling was defined as a relative decrease in the RVESA of at least 15% at 10.2 ± 9.4 months after treatment. Long-term follow-up was 5 years. Adverse events occurred in ten patients (19%) and mid-term RV reverse remodeling after treatment was observed in 37 (69%). Patients with mid-term RV reverse remodeling had more favorable long-term outcomes than those without (log-rank: p = 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that RV relative wall thickness (RV-RWT), as calculated as RV free-wall thickness/RV basal linear dimension at end-diastole, was an independent predictor of mid-term RV reverse remodeling (OR 1.334; 95% CI, 1.039-1.713; p = 0.03). Moreover, patients with RV-RWT ≥0.21 showed better long-term outcomes than did those without (log-rank p = 0.03), while those with RV-RWT ≥0.21 and mid-term RV reverse remodeling had the best long-term outcomes. Patients with RV-RWT <0.21 and without mid-term RV reverse remodeling, on the other hand, had worse long-term outcomes than other sub-groups. In conclusions, RV-RWT could predict mid-term RV reverse remodeling after treatment in PH patients, and was associated with long-term outcomes. Our finding may have clinical implications for better management of PH patients.
Assuntos
Anti-Hipertensivos/uso terapêutico , Hipertensão Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Hipertrofia Ventricular Direita/etiologia , Disfunção Ventricular Direita/etiologia , Função Ventricular Direita/efeitos dos fármacos , Remodelação Ventricular/efeitos dos fármacos , Idoso , Área Sob a Curva , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Ecocardiografia Doppler , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão Pulmonar/complicações , Hipertensão Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Hipertensão Pulmonar/fisiopatologia , Hipertrofia Ventricular Direita/diagnóstico por imagem , Hipertrofia Ventricular Direita/fisiopatologia , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Razão de Chances , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Curva ROC , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Disfunção Ventricular Direita/diagnóstico por imagem , Disfunção Ventricular Direita/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
AIMS: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic impact of the changes in ventriculo-arterial (VA) coupling during dobutamine stress on the cardiovascular events for patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). METHODS AND RESULTS: For this study, 89 DCM patients with ejection fractions of 32 ± 10% and 30 normal controls were recruited. Ees was estimated with the non-invasive single-beat method using three-dimensional echocardiography at rest and during dobutamine stress (20 µg/kg/min). Effective arterial elastance (Ea) was calculated as left ventricular (LV) end-systolic pressure divided by stroke volume, and VA coupling was calculated as Ea/Ees. Event-free survival was then tracked for 32 months. At baseline, VA coupling was far from optimal in patients with DCM compared with controls (Ea/Ees: 2.49 ± 1.02 vs. 1.04 ± 0.21, P < 0.001). During the follow-up period, 22 patients developed adverse cardiovascular events. During dobutamine stress, VA coupling was significantly improved in patients without cardiovascular events (from 2.47 ± 1.09 to 1.59 ± 0.68, P < 0.001), but remained unchanged in those with cardiovascular events. A multivariate Cox proportional-hazards analysis revealed that age, NYHA functional class (>II), and the change in VA coupling during dobutamine stress were the independent determinants of cardiovascular events (P < 0.05, <0.01, and <0.001, respectively). When patients were divided into two subgroups based on the finding of receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, patients with good VA coupling reserve (cut-off: change in VA coupling> 0.29) showed significantly favourable event-free survival than those with poor VA coupling reserve (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Improvement in VA coupling during dobutamine stress is an important determinant of cardiovascular outcome for patients with DCM.