Distortion product otoacoustic emissions in healthy newborns: normative data.

Distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) offer an alternative to transiently evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) as an audiological test. The former can be used as a screening technique, and may also provide frequency-specific information about the functional state of the cochlea. We recorded DPOAE in a group of healthy newborns to establish the characteristics of a DPOAE "audiogram" (DP-gram) in this population. The DP-gram can be obtained with characteristics quite similar to those observed in adults, with two sharp peaks of maximum amplitude at F2 frequencies of 2 kHz and 5-6 kHz, and a decline in DPOAE amplitude in midfrequencies. The results confirm the limitations of DPOAE recording for testing parts of the basilar membrane where lower frequencies are coded.

[Application of the distortion products register in newborns. Preliminary results]. / Aplicación del registro de productos de distorsión en neonatos. Resultados preliminares.

Following the development of an up-to-date audiological technique--as it seems to be--the register of acoustic distortion products 2F1-F2, the AA. have undertaken the study of the characteristics of otoacoustic emissions in a new-born normal hearing group. They describe the features of distortion products audiogram (DP-gram) of the collective, the limitations of the test and its possible clinical appliances.

[What are Gypsies like and what do they suffer from?]. / Cómo son y de qué padecen los gitanos.

OBJECTIVE: To find and compare the social and demographic features and health status of two different ethnic and cultural groups, gypsies and payos (non-gypsies). DESIGN: Observational, descriptive, crossover study. SETTING: Primary care. PARTICIPANTS: The 121 gypsy patients > 14 registered at the centre and 121 controls who were matched for age. INTERVENTIONS: Social and demographic variables, risk factors, chronic illnesses and involvement in preventive and health promotion programmes were gathered. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: On the basis of a questionnaire that was filled out with data from the primary care health histories, we saw that there were significant differences in educational background, jobs and work situation (p < 0.0005). Among the gypsies there were more alcohol consumers, intravenous drug users and patients at social-health risk. Hb, Hc and HIV affected gypsies significantly more (the two groups were included in preventive programmes and activities). Mean age of death among gypsies was early (40.6 years vs. 73). Paradoxically, gypsies used private medicine more. CONCLUSIONS: There were significant social-health differences between the two groups studied. The gypsies on our health centre lists need greater care from the primary care team, so that they can achieve better health status.

La regulación de la jornada laboral de los residentes es un requisito para una formación de calidad / Regulation of residents´working day as a prerequisite for quality training

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Cómo son y de qué padecen los gitanos / What are gypsies like and what do they suffer from?

Objetivo. Conocer y comparar las características sociodemográficas y el estado de salud de 2 grupos étnicos y culturales distintos (payos y gitanos). Diseño. Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal. Emplazamiento. Atención primaria. Participantes. Los 121 pacientes de cultura gitana mayores de 14 años adscritos al centro y 121 controles apareados por edad. Intervenciones. Se recogieron variables sociodemográficas, factores de riesgo, enfermedades crónicas y adscripción a programas preventivos y de promoción de la salud. Mediciones y resultados principales. A partir de un cuestionario que se rellenó con datos de las historias de salud de atención primaria, vimos que había diferencias significativas en cuanto al nivel de instrucción, profesión y situación laboral (p < 0,0005). Había mayor número de consumidores de alcohol, de tóxicos vía parenteral y superior número de pacientes con riesgo sociosanitario entre los gitanos. VHB, VHC y VIH inciden significativamente más sobre los gitanos (ambos grupos incluidos en programas y actividades preventivas). Se detecta una temprana edad media de muerte en la población gitana (40,6 años frente a 73,3 entre los payos). Paradójicamente, se da una mayor utilización de la medicina privada entre los gitanos. Conclusiones. Existen diferencias sociosanitarias significativas entre ambos grupos estudiados. La población gitana de nuestro centro de salud requiere mayor atención por parte del equipo de atención primaria, para conseguir un mejor estado de salud en este grupo (AU)