RESUMO
Monkeypox (mpox) is a disease caused by an Orthopoxvirus. The 2022 multinational outbreak, which began in May 2022, has spread primarily by close skin-to-skin contact, including through sexual contact. Persons experiencing homelessness have been disproportionately affected by severe mpox (1). However, mpox prevalence and transmission pathways among persons experiencing homelessness are not known, and persons experiencing homelessness have not been specifically recommended to receive mpox vaccine during the 2022 outbreak (2,3). During October 25-November 3, 2022, a CDC field team conducted an orthopoxvirus seroprevalence survey among persons accessing homeless services or staying in encampments, shelters, or permanent supportive housing in San Francisco, California that had noted at least one case of mpox or served populations at risk. During field team visits to 16 unique sites, 209 participants completed a 15-minute survey and provided a blood specimen. Among 80 participants aged <50 years who did not report smallpox or mpox vaccination or previous mpox infection, two (2.5%) had detectable antiorthopoxvirus immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibody. Among 73 participants who did not report mpox vaccination or previous mpox infection and who were tested for IgM, one (1.4%) had detectable antiorthopoxvirus IgM. Together, these results suggest that three possible undetected mpox infections occurred among a sample of persons experiencing homelessness, highlighting the need to ensure that community outreach and prevention interventions, such as vaccination, are accessible to this population.
Assuntos
Pessoas Mal Alojadas , Mpox , Vacina Antivariólica , Humanos , São Francisco/epidemiologia , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Imunoglobulina G , Imunoglobulina MRESUMO
BACKGROUND: People experiencing homelessness (PEH) are underrepresented in public health and clinical research. Study methods that can improve participation by this group are needed. METHODS: In late 2022, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention conducted an mpox serological survey using venipuncture among PEH in San Francisco, California. Blood collection by a minimally invasive device was offered if venipuncture was not possible or preferred. Participants who had a successful blood draw using the device were asked about device acceptability. RESULTS: Of the 209 successful blood collections, 137 (66%) were among participants who underwent venipuncture and 72 (34%) were among participants who used the device. Use of the device increased overall blood collection participation by 53%. Participants reported high acceptability and preference for the device over venipuncture. CONCLUSIONS: Minimally invasive blood collection devices may increase participation and representation of PEH in serosurveys.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Understanding the immune response kinetics to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination is important in nursing home (NH) residents, a high-risk population. METHODS: An observational longitudinal evaluation of 37 consenting vaccinated NH residents with/without SARS-CoV-2 infection from October 2020 to July 2022 was conducted to characterize the immune response to spike protein due to infection and/or mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. Antibodies (IgG) to SARS-CoV-2 full-length spike, nucleocapsid, and receptor binding domain protein antigens were measured, and surrogate virus neutralization capacity was assessed using Meso Scale Discovery immunoassays. The participant's spike exposure status varied depending on the acquisition of infection or receipt of a vaccine dose. Longitudinal linear mixed effects modeling was used to describe trajectories based on the participant's last infection or vaccination; the primary series mRNA COVID-19 vaccine was considered two spike exposures. Mean antibody titer values from participants who developed an infection post receipt of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine were compared with those who did not. In a subset of participants (n = 15), memory B cell (MBC) S-specific IgG (%S IgG) responses were assessed using an ELISPOT assay. RESULTS: The median age of the 37 participants at enrollment was 70.5 years; 30 (81%) had prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, and 76% received Pfizer-BioNTech and 24% Moderna homologous vaccines. After an observed augmented effect with each spike exposure, a decline in the immune response, including %S IgG MBCs, was observed over time; the percent decline decreased with increasing spike exposures. Participants who developed an infection at least two weeks post-receipt of a vaccine were observed to have lower humoral antibody levels than those who did not develop an infection post-receipt. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that understanding the durability of immune responses in this vulnerable NH population can help inform public health policy regarding the timing of booster vaccinations as new variants display immune escape.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Humanos , Idoso , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Vacinas contra COVID-19 , Georgia , SARS-CoV-2 , Vacinação , Imunidade , Casas de Saúde , RNA Mensageiro , Imunoglobulina G , Anticorpos AntiviraisRESUMO
Mpox has affected many communities in the United States (U.S.), including people experiencing homelessness (PEH). Mpox vaccination has been an important tool to disrupt transmission and protect communities at risk of infection. To better understand mpox vaccine knowledge and attitudes, we surveyed 273 PEH and people accessing homeless service sites in San Francisco. Among 64 participants previously offered mpox vaccination, 38 (59 %) had received the vaccine. Among 209 participants not previously offered mpox vaccination, 108 (52 %) reported they would receive the vaccine. Vaccine acceptance was higher among transgender female participants and among male participants who reported male sex partner preference (MSM). Half of participants who declined vaccination identified that perception of personal risk and vaccine education may increase their likelihood of receiving an mpox vaccine. Leveraging trusted information sources to provide risk communication and vaccine education may increase vaccine uptake among PEH.
Assuntos
Pessoas Mal Alojadas , Mpox , Minorias Sexuais e de Gênero , Vacina Antivariólica , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Homossexualidade Masculina , São Francisco , Mpox/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Streptomyces cacaoi subsp. cacaoi, a Gram-positive, branching filamentous bacteria, was isolated from a scalp infection in a patient from Pondicherry, India. Phenotypic tests identified the isolate as a Streptomyces species, but 16S rRNA sequence analysis provided the species identification required for tracking of this emerging pathogen.
Assuntos
Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo/diagnóstico , Streptomyces , Adulto , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular , Dados de Sequência Molecular , RNA Bacteriano/genética , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo/microbiologia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Streptomyces/efeitos dos fármacos , Streptomyces/crescimento & desenvolvimentoAssuntos
Infecções por Actinomycetales/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Actinomycetales/imunologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Bacteriemia/tratamento farmacológico , Bacteriemia/imunologia , Bactéria Gordonia/isolamento & purificação , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Infecções por Actinomycetales/complicações , Infecções por Actinomycetales/microbiologia , Adulto , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Bacteriemia/complicações , Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Cateteres de Demora/microbiologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Feminino , Bactéria Gordonia/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactéria Gordonia/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Humanos , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
During January to April 2007, hospital staff reported 3 patients with Rhodococcus equi bloodstream infections. Isolates were analyzed at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, to confirm identification and to assess strain relatedness; 2 were R. equi but genetically distinct, and 1 was identified as Gordonia polyisoprenivorans. Rapid reference laboratory support prevented an unnecessary outbreak investigation.
Assuntos
Infecções por Actinomycetales/epidemiologia , Bacteriemia/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças , Rhodococcus equi/classificação , Rhodococcus equi/isolamento & purificação , Actinomycetales/classificação , Actinomycetales/genética , Actinomycetales/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Actinomycetales/microbiologia , Adolescente , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Pré-Escolar , Análise por Conglomerados , DNA Bacteriano/química , DNA Bacteriano/genética , DNA Ribossômico/química , DNA Ribossômico/genética , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Rhodococcus equi/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
We report the first case of endocarditis caused by Gordonia polyisoprenivorans and concisely review the English literature regarding bloodstream infections caused by Gordonia species.
Assuntos
Infecções por Actinomycetales/etiologia , Bacteriemia/etiologia , Endocardite Bacteriana/etiologia , Bactéria Gordonia/patogenicidade , Infecções por Actinomycetales/microbiologia , Idoso , Valva Aórtica/microbiologia , Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Cateteres de Demora/efeitos adversos , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Endocardite Bacteriana/microbiologia , Bactéria Gordonia/classificação , Bactéria Gordonia/genética , Bactéria Gordonia/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Masculino , Valva Mitral/microbiologia , Dados de Sequência MolecularRESUMO
CDC coryneform group A-3 bacteria are rare human pathogens. In this study, six group A-3 isolates (two from blood, one from cerebrospinal fluid, and one each from homograft valve, lip wound, and pilonidal cyst) were compared to the type strains of phenotypically related organisms, Cellulomonas fimi, Cellulomonas hominis, Oerskovia turbata, and Sanguibacter suarezii, and characterized by phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and genotypic studies. DNA-DNA reassociation analysis identified two genomic groups, and phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence identified the taxonomic positions of these groups to genus level. Two groups were defined, and both were more closely related to Cellulomonas species: one group of three strains, for which we propose the new species Cellulomonas denverensis sp. nov., with the type strain W6929 (ATCC BAA-788(T) or DSM 15764(T)), was related to C. hominis ATCC 51964(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), and the second group of three strains was related to C. hominis ATCC 51964(T) (99.8 to 99.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). The definition of this new Cellulomonas species and the confirmation of three strains as C. hominis serve to further clarify the complex taxonomy of CDC coryneform group A-3 bacteria and will assist in our understanding of the epidemiology and clinical significance of these microorganisms.