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We report that the Escherichia coli chromosome includes novel GC-rich genomic structural elements that trigger formation of post-replication gaps upon replisome passage. The two nearly perfect 222 bp repeats, designated Replication Risk Sequences or RRS, are each 650 kb from the terminus sequence dif and flank the Ter macrodomain. RRS sequence and positioning is highly conserved in enterobacteria. At least one RRS appears to be essential unless a 200 kb region encompassing one of them is amplified. The RRS contain a G-quadruplex on the lagging strand which impedes DNA polymerase extension producing lagging strand ssDNA gaps, $ \le$2000 bp long, upon replisome passage. Deletion of both RRS elements has substantial effects on global genome structure and topology. We hypothesize that RRS elements serve as topological relief valves during chromosome replication and segregation. There have been no screens for genomic sequences that trigger transient gap formation. Functional analogs of RRS could be widespread, possibly including some enigmatic G-quadruplexes in eukaryotes.
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Replicação do DNA , Escherichia coli , Quadruplex G , Genoma Bacteriano , Replicação do DNA/genética , Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , DNA Bacteriano/metabolismo , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Cromossomos Bacterianos/genética , Cromossomos Bacterianos/metabolismo , DNA de Cadeia Simples/metabolismo , DNA de Cadeia Simples/genética , DNA Polimerase Dirigida por DNA/metabolismo , DNA Polimerase Dirigida por DNA/genética , Sequências Repetitivas de Ácido Nucleico/genéticaRESUMO
Single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) gapped regions are common intermediates in DNA transactions. Using a new non-denaturing bisulfite treatment combined with ChIP-seq, abbreviated 'ssGap-seq', we explore RecA and SSB binding to ssDNA on a genomic scale in E. coli in a wide range of genetic backgrounds. Some results are expected. During log phase growth, RecA and SSB assembly profiles coincide globally, concentrated on the lagging strand and enhanced after UV irradiation. Unexpected results also abound. Near the terminus, RecA binding is favored over SSB, binding patterns change in the absence of RecG, and the absence of XerD results in massive RecA assembly. RecA may substitute for the absence of XerCD to resolve chromosome dimers. A RecA loading pathway may exist that is independent of RecBCD and RecFOR. Two prominent and focused peaks of RecA binding revealed a pair of 222 bp and GC-rich repeats, equidistant from dif and flanking the Ter domain. The repeats, here named RRS for replication risk sequence, trigger a genomically programmed generation of post-replication gaps that may play a special role in relieving topological stress during replication termination and chromosome segregation. As demonstrated here, ssGap-seq provides a new window on previously inaccessible aspects of ssDNA metabolism.
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Proteínas de Escherichia coli , Escherichia coli , Recombinases Rec A , DNA de Cadeia Simples/genética , DNA de Cadeia Simples/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/metabolismo , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Integrases/genética , Recombinases Rec A/metabolismoRESUMO
Etching technology - one of the representative modern semiconductor device makers - serves as a broad descriptor for the process of removing material from the surfaces of various materials, whether partially or entirely. Meanwhile, thinning technology represents a novel and highly specialized approach within the realm of etching technology. It indicates the importance of achieving an exceptionally sophisticated and precise removal of material, layer-by-layer, at the nanoscale. Notably, thinning technology has gained substantial momentum, particularly in top-down strategies aimed at pushing the frontiers of nano-worlds. This rapid development in thinning technology has generated substantial interest among researchers from diverse backgrounds, including those in the fields of chemistry, physics, and engineering. Precisely and expertly controlling the layer numbers of 2D materials through the thinning procedure has been considered as a crucial step. This is because the thinning processes lead to variations in the electrical and optical characteristics. In this comprehensive review, the strategies for top-down thinning of representative 2D materials (e.g., graphene, black phosphorus, MoS2, h-BN, WS2, MoSe2, and WSe2) based on conventional plasma-assisted thinning, integrated cyclic plasma-assisted thinning, laser-assisted thinning, metal-assisted splitting, and layer-resolved splitting are covered in detail, along with their mechanisms and benefits. Additionally, this review further explores the latest advancements in terms of the potential advantages of semiconductor devices achieved by top-down 2D material thinning procedures.
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This study describes the fabrication of composite electrodes comprising TiO2and reduced graphene oxide layers using a moderate-temperature hydrothermal method. The morphology, crystalline structure, chemical composition, and optical features of the prepared composites were analyzed by FE-SEM, x-ray diffraction, FTIR, and UV-visible spectroscopy. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Nyquist plots were used to assess the electrochemical and impedance responses of the composite electrodes, respectively. The analysis revealed that the incorporation of RGO reduced the TiO2bandgap to 3.87 eV 3.02 eV and improved the specific capacitance, enhancing the TiO2-RGO electrode's supercapacitive performance. CV studies highlight that the TiO2-RGO composite has a high specific capacitance of 152 F g-1at a substantially faster scan rate of 25 mV s-1in a 1.0 M-KOH dilute electrolyte. These findings confirmed the applicability of the fabricated electrodes as prospective supercapacitor electrodes.
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A grand family of two-dimensional (2D) materials and their heterostructures have been discovered through the extensive experimental and theoretical efforts of chemists, material scientists, physicists, and technologists. These pioneering works contribute to realizing the fundamental platforms to explore and analyze new physical/chemical properties and technological phenomena at the micro-nano-pico scales. Engineering 2D van der Waals (vdW) materials and their heterostructures via chemical and physical methods with a suitable choice of stacking order, thickness, and interlayer interactions enable exotic carrier dynamics, showing potential in high-frequency electronics, broadband optoelectronics, low-power neuromorphic computing, and ubiquitous electronics. This comprehensive review addresses recent advances in terms of representative 2D materials, the general fabrication methods, and characterization techniques and the vital role of the physical parameters affecting the quality of 2D heterostructures. The main emphasis is on 2D heterostructures and 3D-bulk (3D) hybrid systems exhibiting intrinsic quantum mechanical responses in the optical, valley, and topological states. Finally, we discuss the universality of 2D heterostructures with representative applications and trends for future electronics and optoelectronics (FEO) under the challenges and opportunities from physical, nanotechnological, and material synthesis perspectives.
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Eletrônica , Tecnologia , Engenharia , NanotecnologiaRESUMO
Green energy technology is generally becoming one of hot issues that need to be solved due to the adverse effects on the environment of fossil fuels. One of the strategies being studied and developed by theorists and experimentalists is the use of photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells, which are emerging as a candidate to produce hydrogen from water splitting. However, creating photoelectrodes that meet the requirements for PEC water splitting has emerged as the primary obstacle in bringing this technology to commercial fruition. Here, we construct a heterostructure, which consists of MoS2/TiO2/Au nanoparticles (NPs) to overcome the drawbacks of the photoanode. Owing to the dependence on charge transfer, the bandgap of MoS2/TiO2and the utilization the Au NPs as a stimulant for charges separation of TiO2by localized surface plasmon resonances effect as well as the increase of hot electron injection to cathode, leading to photocatalytic activities are improved. The results have recorded a significant increase in the photocurrent density from 2.3µAcm-2of TiO2to approximately 16.3µAcm-2of MoS2/TiO2/Au NPs. This work unveils a promising route to enhance the visible light adsorption and charge transfer in photo-electrode of the PEC cells by combining two-dimensional materials with metal NPs.
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Fabrication of ternary composited photocatalytic nanomaterials with strong interaction is vital to deriving the fast charge separation for efficient photodegradation of organic contaminants in wastewater under visible light. In this work, novel ternary 2D/3D/2D MoS2-In2O3-WS2 multi-nanostructures were synthesized using facile hydrothermal processes. XRD, FTIR, and XPS results confirmed the phase, functional groups, and element composition of pure MoS2, MoS2-In2O3, and MoS2-In2O3-WS2 hybrids. UV-DRS spectra of the MoS2-In2O3-WS2 ternary hybrid indicate maximum absorption in the visible light range with a band-gap energy value of 2.4 eV. The surface of the 2D WS2 nanosheet structure tightly blends and densely disperses 2D MoS2 nanosheets and 3D In2O3 nanocubes. This confirmed the formation of the MoS2-In2O3-WS2 ternary hybrid in the form of 2D/3D/2D multi-nanostructures, which is also indicated from SEM and HR-TEM images. The synthesized MoS2-In2O3-WS2 ternary hybrid showed maximum photocatalytic activity under visible-light for antimicrobial agents such as triclosan (TCS) and trichlorocarban (TCC). The photocatalytic activity of TCS was revealed to be 95% at 90 min, while that of TCC was 93% at 100 min. The reusability and stability tests of the prepared MoS2-In2O3-WS2 ternary hybrid after four consecutive photocatalytic cycles were analyzed by FTIR and SEM, which indicated that the prepared ternary hybrid was very stable. Overall results suggested that the developed MoS2-In2O3-WS2 (2D/3D/2D) multi-nanostructures are environmentally friendly and low-cost nanocomposites as a potential photocatalyst for the removal of antimicrobial agents from wastewater.
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Single-stranded (ss) gapped regions in bacterial genomes (gDNA) are formed on W- and C-strands during replication, repair, and recombination. Using non-denaturing bisulfite treatment to convert C to U on ssDNA, combined with deep sequencing, we have mapped gDNA gap locations, sizes, and distributions in Escherichia coli for cells grown in mid-log phase in the presence and absence of UV irradiation, and in stationary phase cells. The fraction of ssDNA on gDNA is similar for W- and C-strands, â¼1.3% for log phase cells, â¼4.8% for irradiated log phase cells, and â¼8.5% for stationary phase cells. After UV irradiation, gaps increased in numbers and average lengths. A monotonic reduction in ssDNA occurred symmetrically between the DNA replication origin of (OriC) and terminus (Ter) for log phase cells with and without UV, a hallmark feature of DNA replication. Stationary phase cells showed no OriC â Ter ssDNA gradient. We have identified a spatially diverse gapped DNA landscape containing thousands of highly enriched 'hot' ssDNA regions along with smaller numbers of 'cold' regions. This analysis can be used for a wide variety of conditions to map ssDNA gaps generated when DNA metabolic pathways have been altered, and to identify proteins bound in the gaps.
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DNA Bacteriano/metabolismo , DNA de Cadeia Simples/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/metabolismo , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Escherichia coli/genética , Replicação do DNA , Ligação ProteicaRESUMO
We describe a purified biochemical system to produce monoclonal antibodies (Abs) in vitro using activation-induced deoxycytidine deaminase (AID) and DNA polymerase η (Polη) to diversify immunoglobulin variable gene (IgV) libraries within a phage display format. AID and Polη function during B-cell affinity maturation by catalyzing somatic hypermutation (SHM) of immunoglobulin variable genes (IgV) to generate high-affinity Abs. The IgV mutational motif specificities observed in vivo are conserved in vitro. IgV mutations occurred in antibody complementary determining regions (CDRs) and less frequently in framework (FW) regions. A unique feature of our system is the use of AID and Polη to perform repetitive affinity maturation on libraries reconstructed from a preceding selection step. We have obtained scFv Abs against human glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R), a target in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, and VHH nanobodies targeting Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH), involved in chronic pain, and artemin, a neurotropic factor that regulates cold pain. A round of in vitro affinity maturation typically resulted in a 2- to 4-fold enhancement in Ab-Ag binding, demonstrating the utility of the system. We tested one of the affinity matured nanobodies and found that it reduced injury-induced cold pain in a mouse model.
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Anticorpos de Cadeia Única , Anticorpos de Domínio Único , Hipermutação Somática de Imunoglobulina , Animais , Humanos , Camundongos , Afinidade de Anticorpos/genética , Citidina Desaminase/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Região Variável de Imunoglobulina/genética , Dor , Anticorpos de Domínio Único/genética , Anticorpos de Cadeia Única/genéticaRESUMO
The remediation of the carbohydrate data of the Protein Data Bank (PDB) has brought numerous enhancements to the findability and interpretability of deposited glycan structures, yet crucial quality indicators are either missing or hard to find on the PDB pages. Without a way to access wider glycochemical context, problematic structures may be taken as fact by keen but inexperienced scientists. The Privateer software is a validation and analysis tool that provides access to a number of metrics and links to external experimental resources, allowing users to evaluate structures using carbohydrate-specific methods. Here, we present the Privateer database, a free resource that aims to complement the growing glycan content of the PDB.
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The importance of the alternative donation of electrons to the ubiquinol pool via the electron-transfer flavoprotein/electron-transfer flavoprotein:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETF/ETFQO) complex has been demonstrated. However, the functional significance of this pathway during seed development and germination remains to be elucidated. To assess the function of this pathway, we performed a detailed metabolic and transcriptomic analysis of Arabidopsis mutants to test the molecular consequences of a dysfunctional ETF/ETFQO pathway. We demonstrate that the disruption of this pathway compromises seed germination in the absence of an external carbon source and also impacts seed size and yield. Total protein and storage protein content is reduced in dry seeds, whilst sucrose levels remain invariant. Seeds of ETFQO and related mutants were also characterized by an altered fatty acid composition. During seed development, lower levels of fatty acids and proteins accumulated in the etfqo-1 mutant as well as in mutants in the alternative electron donors isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase (ivdh-1) and d-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase (d2hgdh1-2). Furthermore, the content of several amino acids was increased in etfqo-1 mutants during seed development, indicating that these mutants are not using such amino acids as alternative energy source for respiration. Transcriptome analysis revealed alterations in the expression levels of several genes involved in energy and hormonal metabolism. Our findings demonstrated that the alternative pathway of respiration mediated by the ETF/ETFQO complex affects seed germination and development by directly adjusting carbon storage during seed filling. These results indicate a role for the pathway in the normal plant life cycle to complement its previously defined roles in the response to abiotic stress.
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Aminoácidos/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/genética , Carbono/metabolismo , Flavoproteínas Transferidoras de Elétrons/metabolismo , Proteínas Ferro-Enxofre/metabolismo , Oxirredutases atuantes sobre Doadores de Grupo CH-NH/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/enzimologia , Arabidopsis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Flavoproteínas Transferidoras de Elétrons/genética , Germinação , Proteínas Ferro-Enxofre/genética , Mutação , Oxirredutases atuantes sobre Doadores de Grupo CH-NH/genética , Sementes/enzimologia , Sementes/genética , Sementes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Ubiquinona/análogos & derivados , Ubiquinona/metabolismoRESUMO
It is challenging to quantitatively measure the health vulnerability and risk factors of refugees and migrants residing outside of formal settlement settings. For hard-to-reach populations without available sampling frames, researchers have increasingly turned to novel sampling and statistical methods, like respondent-driven sampling (RDS). "Standard" RDS is typically conducted face-to-face at fixed sites. However, during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, face-to-face survey methods and recruitment approaches posed high potential risk of virus transmission and infection, making remote RDS approaches optimal. In this paper, we explore the feasibility of implementing telephone and Internet RDS strategies to assess challenges faced by Venezuelan refugees and migrants in the city of Bogotá, Colombia's capital, and the department of Norte de Santander, the main Venezuelan-Colombian border crossing site. We describe RDS assumptions, survey design, formative research, and the implementation of both strategies and present diagnostics for determining whether assumptions are met. Phone-based recruitment strategies in both locations and the Internet strategy in Bogotá achieved their calculated sample size; however, the Internet strategy in Norte de Santander did not. Most RDS assumptions were sufficiently met at sites where sample sizes were reached. These surveys provide valuable lessons for implementing innovative remote strategies with which to study hard-to-reach populations such as refugees and migrants.
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COVID-19 , Refugiados , Migrantes , Humanos , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Estudos de Amostragem , Inquéritos e Questionários , InternetRESUMO
Protein expression from stably transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) clones is an established but time-consuming method for manufacturing therapeutic recombinant proteins. The use of faster, alternative approaches, such as non-clonal stable pools, has been restricted due to lower productivity and longstanding regulatory guidelines. Recently, the performance of stable pools has improved dramatically, making them a viable option for quickly producing drug substance for GLP-toxicology and early-phase clinical trials in scenarios such as pandemics that demand rapid production timelines. Compared to stable CHO clones which can take several months to generate and characterize, stable pool development can be completed in only a few weeks. Here, we compared the productivity and product quality of trimeric SARS-CoV-2 spike protein ectodomains produced from stable CHO pools or clones. Using a set of biophysical and biochemical assays we show that product quality is very similar and that CHO pools demonstrate sufficient productivity to generate vaccine candidates for early clinical trials. Based on these data, we propose that regulatory guidelines should be updated to permit production of early clinical trial material from CHO pools to enable more rapid and cost-effective clinical evaluation of potentially life-saving vaccines.
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COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Cricetinae , Animais , Humanos , Cricetulus , SARS-CoV-2/metabolismo , Células CHO , Anticorpos Monoclonais , Vacinas contra COVID-19/genética , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismo , Vacinas de Subunidades Antigênicas/genéticaRESUMO
The Mediterranean diet, which is characterized by high consumption of olive oil, prevents cardiovascular disease. Meanwhile, olive mill wastewater (OMWW), which is obtained as a byproduct during olive oil production, contains various promising bioactive components such as water-soluble polyphenols. Hydroxytyrosol (HT), the major polyphenol in OMWW, has anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties; however, the atheroprotective effects of OMWW and HT remain to be fully understood. Here, we investigated the effect of OMWW and HT on atherogenesis. Male 8-week-old apolipoprotein E-deficient mice were fed a western-type diet supplemented with OMWW (0.30%w/w) or HT (0.02%w/w) for 20 weeks. The control group was fed a non-supplemented diet. OMWW and HT attenuated the development of atherosclerosis in the aortic arch as determined by Sudan IV staining (P < 0.01, respectively) without alteration of body weight, plasma lipid levels, and blood pressure. OMWW and HT also decreased the production of oxidative stress (P < 0.01, respectively) and the expression of NADPH oxidase subunits (e.g., NOX2 and p22phox) and inflammatory molecules (e.g. IL-1ß and MCP-1) in the aorta. The results of in vitro experiments demonstrated that HT inhibited the expression of these molecules that were stimulated with LPS in RAW264.7 cells, murine macrophage-like cells. OMWW and HT similarly attenuated atherogenesis. HT is a major component of water-soluble polyphenols in OMWW, and it inhibited inflammatory activation of macrophages. Therefore, our results suggest that the atheroprotective effects of OMWW are at least partially attributable to the anti-inflammatory effects of HT.
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Aterosclerose , Olea , Camundongos , Masculino , Animais , Águas Residuárias , Olea/química , Azeite de Oliva/farmacologia , Azeite de Oliva/química , Aterosclerose/prevenção & controle , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Polifenóis/farmacologia , Polifenóis/química , Água , ApolipoproteínasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Perspectives on COVID-19 risk and the willingness and ability of persons living in refugee settlements to adopt COVID-19 prevention strategies have not been rigorously evaluated. The realities of living conditions in Ugandan refugee settlements may limit the extent to which refugees can uptake strategies to mitigate COVID-19 risk. METHODS: In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted between April 2021 and April 2022 to assess COVID-19 knowledge, risk perception, prevention strategy adoption including COVID-19 vaccination, and COVID-19 impact on living conditions in refugee settlements in Uganda. Interview participants included 28 purposively selected refugees who called into "Dial-COVID", a free telephone COVID-19 information collection and dissemination platform that was advertised in refugee settlements by community health workers. Interviews were analyzed using a combination of deductive and inductive content analysis. Emerging themes were mapped onto the Theoretical Domains Framework to identify domains influencing prevention behavior. Results were synthesized to provide intervention and policy recommendations for risk mitigation in refugee settlements for COVID-19 and future infectious disease outbreaks. RESULTS: The COVID-19 pandemic detrimentally impacted economic and food security as well as social interactions in refugee settlements. Youth were considered especially impacted, and participants reported incidents of child marriage and teenage pregnancy following school closures. Participants displayed general knowledge of COVID-19 and expressed willingness to protect themselves and others from contracting COVID-19. Risk mitigation strategy uptake including COVID-19 vaccination was influenced by COVID-19 knowledge, emotions surrounding COVID-19, the environmental context and resources, personal goals, beliefs about the consequences of (non)adoption, social influences, and behavior reinforcement. Resource constraints, housing conditions, and competing survival needs challenged the adoption of prevention strategies and compliance decreased over time. CONCLUSIONS: Contextual challenges impact the feasibility of COVID-19 risk mitigation strategy uptake in refugee settlements. Pre-existing hardships in this setting were amplified by the COVID-19 pandemic and related lockdowns. Targeted dispelling of myths, alignment of information across communication mediums, supporting survival needs and leveraging of respected role models are strategies that may hold potential to mitigate risk of infectious diseases in this setting. REGISTRATION DETAILS: World Pandemic Research Network - 490,652.
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COVID-19 , Refugiados , Adolescente , Criança , Humanos , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Refugiados/psicologia , Uganda/epidemiologia , Vacinas contra COVID-19 , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis , VacinaçãoRESUMO
Although plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) have been shown to play a critical role in generating viral immunity and promoting tolerance to suppress antitumor immunity, whether and how pDCs cross-prime CD8 T cells in vivo remain controversial. Using a pDC-targeted vaccine model to deliver antigens specifically to pDCs, we have demonstrated that pDC-targeted vaccination led to strong cross-priming and durable CD8 T cell immunity. Surprisingly, cross-presenting pDCs required conventional DCs (cDCs) to achieve cross-priming in vivo by transferring antigens to cDCs. Taking advantage of an in vitro system where only pDCs had access to antigens, we further demonstrated that cross-presenting pDCs were unable to efficiently prime CD8 T cells by themselves, but conferred antigen-naive cDCs the capability of cross-priming CD8 T cells by transferring antigens to cDCs. Although both cDC1s and cDC2s exhibited similar efficiency in acquiring antigens from pDCs, cDC1s but not cDC2s were required for cross-priming upon pDC-targeted vaccination, suggesting that cDC1s played a critical role in pDC-mediated cross-priming independent of their function in antigen presentation. Antigen transfer from pDCs to cDCs was mediated by previously unreported pDC-derived exosomes (pDCexos), that were also produced by pDCs under various conditions. Importantly, all these pDCexos primed naive antigen-specific CD8 T cells only in the presence of bystander cDCs, similarly to cross-presenting pDCs, thus identifying pDCexo-mediated antigen transfer to cDCs as a mechanism for pDCs to achieve cross-priming. In summary, our data suggest that pDCs employ a unique mechanism of pDCexo-mediated antigen transfer to cDCs for cross-priming.
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Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/metabolismo , Apresentação Cruzada/imunologia , Células Dendríticas/metabolismo , Exossomos/metabolismo , Animais , Apresentação de Antígeno/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Células Cultivadas , Células Dendríticas/imunologia , Exossomos/imunologia , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BLRESUMO
Activity monitoring has become a necessary demand for weak people to guarantee their safety. The paper proposed a Parallel Training Logical Execution (PTLE) system using machine learning (ML) models on a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) accelerometer to detect coughs, falls, and other normal activities. When there are many categories, the ML prediction can be confused between these activities with each other. The PTLE system trains several models in parallel with more specific activity classes in each dataset. The shared tasks between parallel models relieve the complexity for a single one. There are six additional parameters for accelerometer characteristics, which were calculated from three axes accelerations as input features to improve the ML's consciousness. Once all models were trained, the system was ready to receive the input accelerations and activated the logical flow to manage link operation between these ML models for output predictions. Random Forest (RF) had the highest potential among the ML classification algorithms after the validation. In the experiment, the comparison between the PTLE model and the regular ML model were carried out with real-time data from an M5stickC wearable device on the user's chest to the trained models on PC. The result showed the advancement of the proposed method in term of precision, recall, F1-score with an overall accuracy of 98% in the real-time test. The accelerations from the wearable device were sent to ML models via Wi-Fi with Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT) broker, and the activity predictions were transferred to the cloud for the family members or doctor care based on Internet of Things (IoT) communication.
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Internet das Coisas , Sistemas Microeletromecânicos , Dispositivos Eletrônicos Vestíveis , Humanos , Acelerometria/métodos , Aprendizado de Máquina SupervisionadoRESUMO
Microplastic (MP) pollution is an emerging problem in many areas around the world and in coastal areas of Vietnam, requiring more studies dedicated to the accumulation of this pollutant in the food chain as well as its potential risk to human health. This study investigated MP levels in tissues of five common bivalve species collected from aquaculture areas along the coast of Vietnam. MPs were found in all bivalve samples, with average values of 10.84 ± 2.61 items/individual or 2.40 ± 1.34 items/g wet weight. Impacts of feeding habits of bivalves showed influences on MP abundance in the samples. Fibers were the dominant shape of MPs recorded, most of which accumulated in the gills and digestive glands of all bivalve samples, with the majority falling within the size range of 300-2000 µm. MPs found in all studied species had relatively similar chemical compositions, mainly composed of polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE). In this study, a diverse diet consisting of different bivalve species and detailed data on the consumption rate of these species were used to assess the human health risk of MPs dedicated to the coastal communities of Vietnam. The results suggested a significant part of MP uptake by human could be via bivalve consumption, in which removing viscera and proper depuration should be applied prior to eating, thereby reducing the risk.
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Bivalves , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Animais , Humanos , Microplásticos , Plásticos , Vietnã , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to describe the colorectal cancer trend in the Slovakia between 2002 and 2019. BACKGROUND: In 2020, the Slovakia ranked second among the 10 countries with the highest incidence of colorectal cancer and the highest number of deaths from colorectal cancer (hereafter also referred to as CRC). METHODS: To describe the situation of CRC, indicators of incidence and mortality rates stratified by age and sex for the available time period were chosen. A joinpoint regression software was used to identify changes in the trend of development. RESULTS: During the 18-year follow-up period (2002-2019), the overall trend in colorectal cancer incidence continued to increase with an overall mean annual change of 1.3 %. The incidence of CRC tended to increase from 50 years of age and increased with age. The most pronounced increasing trend was observed in the age group of 75 years and older (AAPC in men 1.9 %, IS +1.4; +2.5 and in women 2.0 %, IS +1.6; +2.4). CRC mortality remained relatively stable for the entire 18-year period. A decreasing trend in mortality was observed in the 25-49 age group with an overall annual percentage decrease of 0.9 % (IS -1.5; -0.3), while an increasing trend was observed in the 75+ age group with an overall annual percentage increase of 1.0 % (IS +0.8; +1.3). The incidence and mortality rates in men were higher than in women. CONCLUSION: The situation of colorectal cancer trend in the Slovakia has improved compared to the previous period (1971-2001) (Tab. 4, Fig. 4, Ref. 34).
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Neoplasias Colorretais , Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Neoplasias Colorretais/epidemiologia , Eslováquia/epidemiologia , IncidênciaRESUMO
Antimicrobial polymers (AMPs) have emerged as a promising approach to combat multidrug-resistant pathogens. Developed from binary polymers, which contain cationic and hydrophobic groups, ternary polymers are enhanced by adding neutral hydrophilic monomers to improve their biocompatibility. Cationic groups have attracted significant attention owing to their pivotal role in AMPs. Although many studies have investigated the effect of cationic groups on antimicrobial activity of binary AMPs, there is a lack of comprehensive and systematic evaluation for ternary AMPs. Therefore, a library of 31 statistical amphiphilic ternary polymers containing different cationic groups, including primary amine, guanidine, and sulfonium groups is prepared to investigate the impact of cationic groups on antimicrobial activity and biocompatibility. It is shown that the cationic balance appears to be a critical factor influencing polymers' antibacterial activity and selectivity. The results reveal that the polymers that have the ratio of the cationic groups ranging between 50% and 60%, coupled with a cationic/hydrophobic ratio in the range of [1.4-2] and an appropriate neutral hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance, exhibited the highest selectivity toward mammalian cells. This study elucidates a structure-property-performance relationship for ternary AMPs, which contributes to the development of AMPs capable of selectively targeting gram-negative pathogens.