Microbial colonization in the partially exposed nonabsorbable membrane during alveolar ridge preservation.

AIM: This study evaluated the impact of the partial exposition of the nonabsorbable membrane (dPTFE) on microbial colonization during bone healing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients indicated for tooth extraction were randomized to dPTFE group (n = 22) - tooth extraction and alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) using an intentionally exposed dPTFE membrane and USH group (n = 22) - tooth extraction and unassisted socket healing. Biofilm samples were collected at the barrier in the dPTFE and on the natural healing site in the USH after 3 and 28 days. Samples from the inner surface of the dPTFE barrier were also collected (n = 13). The microbiome was evaluated using the Illumina MiSeq system. RESULTS: Beta diversity was different from 3 to 28 days in both groups, and at 28 days, different microbial communities were identified between therapies. The dPTFE was characterized by a higher prevalence and abundance of gram-negative and anaerobic species than USH. Furthermore, the inner surface of the dPTFE membrane was colonized by a different community than the one observed on the outer surface. CONCLUSION: Intentionally exposed dPTFE membrane modulates microbial colonization in the ARP site, creating a more homogeneous and anaerobic community on the inner and outer surfaces of the membrane. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: DPTFE promoted faster biofilm colonization and enrichment of gram-negative and anaerobes close to the regenerated site in the membrane's inner and outer surfaces. dPTFE membrane can be used exposed to the oral site, but approaches for biofilm control should still be considered. The study was retrospectively registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04329351).

Resveratrol for preventing medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws in rats.

This study evaluated the effect of resveratrol (RES) on the prevention of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ) in ovariectomized (OVX) rats treated with zoledronate (ZOL). Fifty rats were distributed in five groups: SHAM (n = 10): non-ovariectomy + placebo; OVX (n = 10):ovariectomy + placebo; OVX + RES (n = 10):ovariectomy + resveratrol; OVX + ZOL (n = 10):ovariectomy + placebo + zoledronate; and OVX + RES + ZOL (n = 10):ovariectomy + resveratrol + zoledronate. The mandibles left sides were analyzed with micro-CT, histomorphometry, and immunohistochemistry. On the right side, bone markers gene expression was analyzed by qPCR. ZOL increased the percentage of necrotic bone and reduced the neo-formed bone compared to groups not receiving ZOL (p < 0.05). RES impacted the tissue healing pattern in OVX + ZOL + RES, reduced inflammatory cell infiltrate, and improved bone formation in the extraction site. Osteoblasts, alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-, and osteocalcin (OCN)-immunoreactive cells were lower in OVX-ZOL than in SHAM, OVX, and OVX-RES. The OXV-ZOL-RES had fewer osteoblasts and ALP- and OCN-cells than the SHAM and OVX-RES. The tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cells were reduced in the presence of ZOL (p < 0.05), while the TRAP mRNA levels increased with ZOL treatment, with or without resveratrol, compared with the other groups (p < 0.05). RES alone increased superoxide dismutase levels compared to OVX + ZOL and OVX + ZOL + RES (p < 0.05). In conclusion, resveratrol reduced the tissue impairment severity induced by ZOL; however, it could not prevent the occurrence of MRONJ.

Comparison between flapless-guided and conventional surgery for implant placement: a 12-month randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES: The study was aimed at comparing implants installed with guided and conventional surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-nine total edentulous patients were selected, and maxillary contralateral quadrants were randomly assigned to static computer-aided implant surgery (S-CAIS): flapless computer-guided surgery, and conventional surgery (CS): flap surgery with conventional planning. Tomography scans were performed at baseline and 10 days after the surgery for deviation measurement, and radiography was done at baseline and after 6 and 12 months, for peri-implant bone level (PIBL) analysis. Peri-implant fluid and subgingival biofilm were collected to evaluate bone markers and periodontal pathogens. RESULTS: S-CAIS showed less linear deviation at the apical point and the midpoint and less angular deviation (p < 0.05), with greater depth discrepancy in the positioning of the platform (p < 0.05). Higher values of vertical PIBL were observed for the S-CAIS group at baseline (p < 0.05), while lower values of horizontal PIBL were observed for CS (p < 0.05). Bone markers and Tf presented higher levels in CS (p < 0.05). Flapless S-CAIS allowed smaller linear and angular deviations than the conventional technique. CONCLUSION: However, PIBL was higher in S-CAIS; the conventional technique led to a greater angiogenic and bone remodeling activity by elevating the angiogenic levels and bone markers. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Evaluating the different implant insertion techniques can guide clinical and surgical regarding the accuracy, the release pattern of bone markers, and the peri-implant bone level. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ReBEC-RBR-8556fzp.

Impact of resveratrol in the reduction of the harmful effect of diabetes on peri-implant bone repair: bone-related gene expression, counter-torque and micro-CT analysis in rats.

OBJECTIVE: Investigate the impact of resveratrol (RESV) on peri-implant repair and its effect on bone-related markers in rats with induced diabetes mellitus (DM). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ninety rats were divided into: DM + RESV (n = 18); DM + placebo (PLAC) (n = 18); DM + insulin (INS) (n = 18); DM + RESV + INS (n = 18); Non-DM (n = 18). Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin. One screw-shaped titanium implant was inserted in each tibiae of animals. Treatments were administered during 30 days. After, one of the implants was removed for counter-torque and the peri-implant tissue was collected for mRNA quantification of BMP-2, OPN, Runx2, Lrp-5, Osx, ß-catenin, Dkk1, OPG, and RANKL by Real-time PCR. The other tibia was submitted to MicroCT analysis to measure: bone volume (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) and bone-implant contact (BIC). RESULTS: Higher counter-torque values were observed for implant removal in DM + RESV, DM + RESV + INS and Non-DM groups when compared to DM + PLAC (p < .05). Augmented Tb.Th was observed in DM + RESV and Non-DM when compared to DM + PLAC group (p < .05), whereas higher BIC was detected in DM + RESV, DM + RESV + INS and Non-DM animals when compared to DM + PLAC (p < .05). Levels of RANKL were downregulated by the RESV and/or INS therapy, whereas only the association of RESV and INS upregulated the levels of Runx2 (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The therapy with RESV may favour peri-implant bone repair improving bone formation around implants.

Effect of resveratrol on the progression of experimental periodontitis in an ovariectomized rat model of osteoporosis: Morphometric, immune-enzymatic, and gene expression analysis.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the role of resveratrol (RESV) on the progression of experimental periodontitis (EP) in ovariectomy rats (OVT). BACKGROUND: Estrogen deficiency is the main cause of osteoporosis and is related to higher periodontal attachment loss and reduction of alveolar bone. Zoledronate (ZLD) is an antiresorptive drug used to control osteoporosis but can lead to osteonecrosis of the jaw. RESV, a natural product, can reduce bone loss and control and prevent osteoporosis. Thus, this study aimed at investigating the effect of RESV on the progression of EP in estrogen-deficient rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The animals were subjected to the OVT or sham surgery to induce estrogen-deficiency and then were divided into the groups: OVT + RESV (n: 10); OVT + PLAC (n: 10): OVT + placebo; OVT + ZLD +PLA (n: 10); OVT + RESV +ZLD (n: 10): OVT + RESV and ZLD; SHAM (n: 10): non-ovariectomized animals + placebo. To induce estrogen deficiency, the rats were subjected to ovariectomy. Experimental periodontitis was induced by the placement of a ligature at the second maxillary molars. Daily administration of the placebo solution, resveratrol (10 mg/kg), and ZLD (0.1 mg/kg) was carried out for a period 42 days prior to initiation of EP, and then for another 28 days following ligature placement. After euthanasia, the specimens were processed for micro-CT and morphometric analysis of bone loss (linear measurement), and the gingival tissue surrounding the maxillary second molar was collected for the quantification of inflammatory markers using Luminex/MAGPix, of oxidative stress markers using ELISA assay, and gene expression analysis of bone markers, by real-time PCR. RESULTS: Morphometric and micro-CT analysis showed higher bone loss and lower bone density, respectively, in OVT + PLAC when compared to the other groups (P < .05). ZLD treated groups had lower alveolar bone loss, as well as, higher density and percentage of bone volume, when compared to OVT + RESV and SHAM + PLAC groups (P < .05). IL-4 levels were significantly lower in the OVT + PLAC group versus OVT + ZLD +RESV and SHAM + PLAC (P < .05). NADPH oxidase (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase) levels were significantly lower OVT + RESV group when compared to OVT + PLAC (P < .05). OPG mRNA levels were lower in OVT + PLAC compared with the SHAM + PLAC group (P < .05). CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that resveratrol modulated alveolar bone loss during experimental periodontitis progression in estrogen-deficient rats by downregulating NADPH oxidase levels.

Novel 20% doxycycline-loaded PLGA nanospheres as adjunctive therapy in chronic periodontitis in type-2 diabetics: randomized clinical, immune and microbiological trial.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the clinical, microbiological, and immunological results of poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanospheres containing 20% doxycycline (DOXY) in the treatment of type-2 diabetic patients (DM-2) with chronic periodontitis (CP). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A parallel, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted in DM-2 presenting severe and generalized CP. All patients received one-stage full-mouth ultrasonic debridement (FMUD) and they were randomly divided into two groups: PLAC (n = 20)-local application of placebo PLGA nanospheres, and DOXY (n = 20)-local application of doxycycline-loaded nanospheres; both in six non-contiguous sites. Clinical, metabolic (fasting plasma glucose level-FPG and glycated hemoglobin-HbA1c), cytokine pattern (multiplexed bead immunoassay) and microbiological assessments were performed at baseline, and 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment. RESULTS: Both groups showed clinical improvement in all parameters after treatment (p < 0.05). Deep pockets showed improvements in bleeding on probing-BoP (3 and 6 months), PD (at 3 months), and CAL gain (at 1 and 3 months) favoring DOXY (p < 0.05). The percentage of sites presenting PD reduction and CAL gain ≥ 2 mm was higher in DOXY at 3 months (p < 0.05). DOXY group exhibited a significant increase in the levels of anti-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-10 and a reduction in IL-8, IFN-y, IL-6, and IL-17 (p < 0.05), significant reduction in periodontal pathogens (p < 0.05), and a lower mean percentage of HbA1C at 3 months (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: DOXY nanospheres may be considered a potential adjunct to mechanical debridement in the therapy of periodontitis in DM-2, offering additional benefits in deep pockets, improving the cytokine profile, and reducing periodontal pathogen levels. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The use of locally applied doxycycline nanospheres may represent an adjunctive therapeutic approach in the treatment of periodontal disease in type-2 diabetic patients, achieving additional benefits in the local modulation of cytokines, microbial reduction, and clinical parameters, especially in deep pockets.

Resveratrol attenuates oxidative stress during experimental periodontitis in rats exposed to cigarette smoke inhalation.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed at investigating the effect of the systemic administration of resveratrol (RESV) on oxidative stress during experimental periodontitis in rats subjected to cigarette smoke inhalation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Experimental periodontitis (EP) was induced in 26 male Wistar rats by the insertion of a ligature around one of the first mandibular and maxillary molars. The animals were assigned randomly to the following groups: cigarette smoke inhalation (CSI; 3 times/d, 8 minutes/d) + resveratrol (10 mg/Kg), that is, SMK + RESV (n = 13) and cigarette smoke inhalation + placebo, that is, SMK + PLAC (n = 13). The substances were administered daily for 30 days (19 days prior and 11 days following EP induction), and then, the animals were euthanized. The maxillary specimens were processed for morphometric analysis of bone loss, and the tissue surrounding the first maxillary molars was collected for mRNA quantification of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) by real-time PCR. The gingival tissues surrounding the mandibular first molars were collected for quantification of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphatase oxidase (NADPH) using an ELISA assay. RESULTS: Reduced bone loss was demonstrated in animals in the SMK + RESV group as compared to those in the SMK + PLAC (P < 0.05) group on the basis of morphometric analysis. Resveratrol promoted higher levels of SIRT and SOD (P < 0.05) as well as reduced levels of NADPH oxidase (P < 0.05) were found in tissues derived from animals in the SMK + RESV group when compared to those in the SMK + PLAC group. CONCLUSION: Resveratrol is an efficient therapeutic agent that reduces exacerbation of bone loss found in animals with EP that were also exposed to smoke. The results suggest that its effects could be mediated, at least in part, by its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties which attenuate the effects of oxidative stress on EP in the presence of cigarette smoke.

Resveratrol reverses the negative effect of smoking on peri-implant repair in the tibia of rats.

OBJECTIVES: Innovative approaches capable to improve peri-implant bone repair are relevant in the presence of smoking, a risk factor for healing around implants. This study investigated the effect of resveratrol (RESV) on peri-implant repair, and its influence on bone-related markers in rats submitted to cigarette smoking inhalation (CSI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: One titanium implant was inserted in each tibiae of rats assigned to CSI+RESV (n:18); CSI+placebo (n:18); and non-CSI (n:18). One implant was removed for counter torque, and the peri-implant tissue was collected for mRNA quantification of BMP-2, OPN, Runx2, Lrp-5, Osx, ß-catenin, Dkk1, OPG, and RANKL. The other tibia was submitted to microCT to measure: bone volume, bone porosity, trabecular spacing, trabecular thickness, and bone-implant contact (BIC). RESULTS: No differences were detected between counter torque in CSI+RESV and non-CSI group (p > 0.05), whereas CSI+placebo group presented lower values when compared to the others (p < 0.05). RESV improved the BIC in CSI rats without differences when compared to non-CSI group (p > 0.05), whereas CSI+placebo showed reduced BIC when compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). RESV reduced RANKL/OPG and Lrp-5 levels and increased ß-catenin in CSI rats when compared to CSI+placebo (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Although further investigations should be considered using oral models of dental implants, within the limits of the present study, it was concluded that RESV reverses the negative effects of smoking in the peri-implant repair, benefiting the modulation of bone-related markers.

Deproteinized bovine bone derived with collagen improves soft and bone tissue outcomes in flapless immediate implant approach and immediate provisionalization: a randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed at evaluating soft and hard tissue dimensions after immediate implant placement and immediate temporization with or without alveolar preservation at the maxillary anterior region. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-two patients needing maxillary incisor extraction and with the possibility of immediate implant placement were randomly assigned to the following groups: test (n = 11): immediate implant placement + deproteinized bovine bone derived with collagen inserted into the alveolus or control (n = 11): immediate implant placement without biomaterial. All soft tissue measurements were evaluated at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months after implant therapy. Cone beam tomography was performed at baseline and at 6 months after implant placement to evaluate hard tissue dimension. RESULTS: The test group presented higher height of soft tissue at mesiobuccal and distobuccal sites at 3 months and 6 months when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Regarding the bone tissue, the test group showed higher buccolingual ridge dimension at 6 months when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that the use of deproteinized bovine bone derived with collagen together with immediate dental implants results in better soft and bone tissue outcomes than immediate implants alone. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The use of deproteinized bovine bone derived with collagen may enhance the results regarding soft and bone tissue in combination with immediate implant and temporization.

Effect of Resveratrol on Critical-Sized Calvarial Defects of Diabetic Rats: Histometric and Gene Expression Analysis.

PURPOSE: This study investigated the influence of resveratrol (RESV) on the repair of bone critical defects in calvaria of animals with induced diabetes mellitus (DM). MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred rats were divided into 5 groups: induced DM + RESV administration (DM + RESV; n = 20); induced DM plus placebo solution administration (DM + PLAC; n = 20); induced DM plus insulin therapy (DM + INS; n = 20); induced DM plus administration of RES and INS (DM + RESV + INS; n = 20); and nondiabetic controls (NDM; n = 20). DM was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin 50 mg/kg 3 days before the surgical procedures. Two critical calvarial defects were created in each animal at the start of the study (day 0). Treatments were administered from day 0 to day 30 of the experiment, when animals were euthanized. One defect was processed for histometric analysis to measure closure of the bone defect. The tissue of the other defect was analyzed for quantification of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), osteopontin, osteoprotegerin, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand, runt-related transcription factor-2, osterix (Osx), ß-catenin, lipoprotein receptor-related protein-5, and dikkop-1 mRNA by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Histometric results showed that the DM + RESV, DM + RESV + INS, and NDM groups exhibited greater closure of the bone defects compared with the PLAC- or INS-treated groups (P < .05). Diabetic animals treated with RESV plus INS showed higher levels of BMP-2 and Osx; Osx also was positively increased in animals treated with INS alone (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The use of RESV, regardless of the presence of INS, positively influenced bone repair in animals with induced DM. Further, the combination of INS plus RESV was necessary for the modulation of BMP-2 gene expression.

Short-term microbiological effects of photodynamic therapy in non-surgical periodontal treatment of residual pockets: A split-mouth RCT.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been used as a therapeutic alternative to treat periodontitis, especially in challenging sites that require additional periodontal therapy such as residual pockets. The aim of this split-mouth randomized trial was to evaluate the microbiological and clinical effects of PDT on non-surgical treatment of unresponsive pockets. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: A split-mouth, randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted in 15 patients presenting at least two residual pockets (probing pocket depth [PPD] ≥5 mm with bleeding on probing [BoP]) in single-rooted teeth in supportive periodontal therapy. The selected sites randomly received: (1) SRP + PDT: scaling and root planing combined with photodynamic therapy (methylene blue as a photosensitizer), or (2) SRP: scaling and root planing alone. The concentrations of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were evaluated using a Real-time PCR technique at baseline and 3, 7, 14, and 90 days. Clinical parameters were assessed at baseline and 3 months post-therapies. RESULTS: Both treatments promoted clinical improvements, with additional benefits to the SRP + PDT group in PPD reduction and clinical attachment level gain (P < 0.05) after 3 months. Only the SRP + PDT group exhibited a statistically significant reduction in the levels of A. actinomycetemcomitans on the 3rd and 7th days after therapy (P < 0.05), and a lower concentration of this pathogen was detected at 7 days in the SRP + PDT group when compared to the other therapy (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The combined therapeutic approach SRP + PDT may reduce A. actinomycetemcomitans levels for a short-term period, associated with additional improvement in clinical parameters in treating residual pockets. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:944-950, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Smoking Modulates Gene Expression of Type I Collagen, Bone Sialoprotein, and Osteocalcin in Human Alveolar Bone.

PURPOSE: Previous animal studies have shown the negative impact of smoking on bone-to-implant contact, and in humans, a decrease in bone density and implant survival over time. However, the effect of smoking on the human alveolar bone regarding the expression of bone-related markers is unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of smoking on the gene expression of molecules of bone metabolism in alveolar bone tissue from sites designed to receive dental implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Biopsy specimens of alveolar bone were collected from smokers (n = 19) and nonsmokers (n = 19) from areas planned to receive dental implants. Gene expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß, osteoprotegerin (OPG), type I collagen (COL-I), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and osteocalcin (OCN) was quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction using glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase as a reference gene. The results were assessed using multiple regression analysis, with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: Multiple regression analysis indicated that smoking negatively affected mRNA expression of BSP and OCN and positively altered the expression of COL-I (P < .05) despite age, gender, and arch. Moreover, regression analysis did not show a significant correlation between smoking habit and mRNA levels of TNF-α, TGF-ß, and OPG (P > .05). CONCLUSION: These results support the hypothesis that some bone markers in alveolar tissue are modulated by smoking, which could explain the negative impact of smoking on bone healing.

Efficacy of different "in-office" desensitizing treatment methods: An in vitro SEM analysis.

PURPOSE: To evaluate, in vitro, the obliteration of dentin tubules promoted by different desensitizing methods, before and after pH cycling. METHODS: Human dentin blocks of 4x4 mm were randomly divided into: control group (n = 20): no treatment; Group GH (n = 20): surface treatment with a solution containing glutaraldehyde (5.1%), HEMA (36.1%), sodium fluoride (NaF), and deionized water; Group NP (n = 20): surface treatment with a calcium phosphate gel containing nanostructured hydroxyapatite crystals, NaF and NK; and Group ARG (n = 20): surface treatment with a paste containing CaCO3 and 8% arginine. After treatment, 10 samples of each group were evaluated in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) while another 10 were included in a pH cycling procedure for 48 hours, and then analyzed in the SEM. All SEM images were evaluated by three calibrated examiners regarding dentin tubular obliteration. Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for data analysis (P < 0.05). RESULTS: The GH, NP, and ARG groups promoted immediate obliteration higher than the control group (P < 0.05) with NP and ARG groups superior to GH group (P < 0.05). After pH cycling, an increase in tubular obliteration in the GH group was observed, which was similar to the NP and ARG groups (P > 0.05), even though all groups promoted higher obliteration than the control group (P < 0.05). All treatments were effective in a tubular obliteration.

Maintenance periodontal therapy after systemic antibiotic and regenerative therapy of generalized aggressive periodontitis. A case report with 10-year follow-up.

Aggressive periodontitis (AgP) is an inflammatory disease characterized by rapid attachment loss and bone destruction. This case report presents the 10-year results in a subject with generalized AgP treated by a regenerative periodontal therapeutic approach and the adjunctive use of antibiotics, following a systematic maintenance periodontal therapy. The use of enamel matrix derivatives (EMD) and adjunctive antibiotic therapy to treat AgP yielded improvements in clinical parameters and radiographic bony fill. This combined therapeutic approach following a systematic supportive periodontal therapy supports the long-term maintenance of teeth with previous advanced periodontal defects, demonstrating successful stability after 10-years follow-up. Clinical Relevance: The combined treatment protocol using EMD plus adjunctive antibiotic therapy, associated with a systematic supportive periodontal therapy, benefits the long-term maintenance of teeth with previous advanced periodontal defects in subjects presenting AgP, supporting this approach as an alternative in the treatment of AgP.

Supportive periodontal treatment and full-mouth ultrasonic debridement: a randomised controlled clinical trial.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of different maintenance recall intervals in patients with chronic periodontitis treated by full-mouth ultrasonic debridement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-eight patients participated in the study and were divided into two groups: group 1 (n = 14) underwent full-mouth ultrasonic debridement followed by monthly supportive periodontal therapy; group 2 (n = 14) underwent full-mouth ultrasonic debridement followed by supportive periodontal therapy delivered at 3-month intervals. Plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), pocket probing depth (PD), gingival recession (GR) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were evaluated at baseline and after 3 and 6 months. RESULTS: Subjects in group 1 had statistically significantly lower PI scores than did subjects in group 2 at six months. However, no differences in BOP, PPD, GR and CAL were observed between groups at any of the time points evaluated. Nonetheless, while full-mouth BOP and PPD scores progressively decreased over time in group 1, the same parameters were significantly reduced at 3 months in group 2, but remained stable thereafter. The proportion of moderate and deep pockets decreased progressively over time in the group of monthly recalls, while the proportion of moderate to deep sites decreased significantly in group 2 only at 3 months; no additional reductions were seen at 6 months. CONCLUSION: Supportive periodontal therapy both at one- and three-month intervals promotes short-term stability of clinical improvements obtained after full-mouth ultrasonic debridement in patients with chronic periodontitis.

Impact of a modified implant macrogeometry on biomechanical parameters and bone-related markers in rats.

This study investigated the impact of a modified implant macrogeometry on peri-implant healing and its effect on bone-related molecules in rats. Eighteen rats received one implant in each tibia: the control group received implants with conventional macrogeometry and the test group received implants with modified macrogeometry. After 30 days, the implants were removed for biomechanical analysis and the bone tissue around them was collected for quantifying gene expression of OPN, Runx2, ß-catenin, BMP-2, Dkk1, and RANKL/OPG. Calcein and tetracycline fluorescent markers were used for analyzing newly formed bone at undecalcified sections of the tibial implants. These fluorescent markers showed continuous bone formation at cortical bone width and sparse new bone formed along the medullary implant surface in both groups. However, higher counter-torque values and upregulation of OPN expression were achieved by test implants when compared to controls. The modified macrogeometry of implants optimized peri-implant healing, favoring the modulation of OPN expression in the osseous tissue around the implants.

Does resveratrol favor peri-implant bone repair in rats with ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis? Gene expression, counter-torque and micro-CT analysis.

This study investigated the influence of resveratrol on peri-implant repair and its effects on bone-related markers in ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats. Animals were divided into: OVX+PLAC (n = 10): ovariectomized animals treated with placebo; OVX+RESV (n = 10): OVX treated with resveratrol; OVX+PLAC+ZOL (n = 10): OVX treated with PLAC and zoledronate; OVX+RESV+ZOL (n = 10): OVX treated with RESV and ZOL; and SHOVX+PLAC (n = 10): sham ovariectomy treated with PLAC. RESV and PLAC were administrated after ovariectomy and ZOL after six weeks after OVX, until the end of experiment. One implant was inserted in each tibiae of animals 18 weeks after ovariectomy. After 4 weeks, one implant was removed for counter-torque, and peri-implant tissue was collected for mRNA quantification of several osteogenic markers by PCR. The other tibia was submitted to micro-computed tomography analysis. Reduced counter-torque values, bone-implant contact (BIC) and bone volume fraction (BV/TV), and higher bone porosity (BP) were detected in OVX+PLAC group when compared to SHOVX+PLAC (p < 0.05). OVX+RESV rats presented lower BIC, BV/TV, and trabecular number (Tb.N), and augmented BP and trabecular spacing (Tb.Sp) when compared to SHOVX+PLAC (p < 0.05). Higher Tb.N and connectivity density (Conn.Dn) and reduced Tb.Sp were observed in OVX rats treated with ZOL, independently of RESV, when compared to OVX+PLAC and OVX+RESV groups (p < 0.05), whereas the combination ZOL+RESV promoted lower BP when compared to OVT+PLAC and OVX+RESV (p < 0.05). Gene expression was not influenced by RESV (p > 0.05), whereas ZOL promoted up-regulation of BMP-2 (p<0.05). RESV did not improve peri-implant bone repair in rats with ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis.

Influence of partially exposed nonabsorbable membrane for alveolar ridge preservation: A randomized controlled trial.

AIM: This randomized controlled trial evaluated the impact of a partially exposed non-absorbable membrane (dPTFE) in Alveolar Ridge Preservation (ARP) procedures on clinical, tomographic, immunoenzymatic, implant-related, and patient-centered outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with a hopeless maxillary single-rooted tooth demanding rehabilitation with implants were included. Patients were randomized into two groups: dPTFE (n = 22)-tooth extraction followed by ARP using a partially exposed dPTFE membrane; USH (n = 22)-unassisted socket healing. Clinical and tomographic analyses were performed at baseline and after 3 months. After 3 months, patients received one dental implant. Implant stability quotient was obtained following implant placement. Bone-related markers were analyzed in bone biopsies using an immunoenzymatic assay. RESULTS: Greater gain in Keratinized Mucosa Width (KMW) was observed in the dPTFE (1.33 ± 0.98 mm) compared to USH (0.59 ± 0.98 mm) (Mann-Whitney test, Z = 2,28, p < 0.05). USH showed a reduction of pain/discomfort, edema, and interference with daily life from the seventh day (Friedman/Wilcoxon test, maxT = 7.48, 8.00, and 5.92, respectively, p < 0.05). dPTFE presents a reduction of edema and interference with daily life from the 7th day and pain/discomfort from the 14th day (Friedman/Wilcoxon test, maxT = 5.40, 5.26, and 4.78, respectively, p < 0.05). The dPTFE group presented higher pain/discomfort in the 35 and 42 days and higher edema from 7 to 42 days postoperatively than USH group (Mann-Whitney test, p < 0.05). No differences between groups were observed in the tomographic measures, immunoenzymatic analysis, and implant stability (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: dPTFE was superior to USH by increasing KMW gain. However, dPTFE without bone graft presented similar bone loss compared to USH. This clinical trial was not registered prior to participant recruitment and randomization (NCT04329351).

Protective effect of topical Cordia verbenacea in a rat periodontitis model: immune-inflammatory, antibacterial and morphometric assays.

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the effects of C. verbenacea essential oil topically administered in a rat periodontitis model. METHODS: Periodontitis was induced on rats in one of the mandibular first molars assigned to receive a ligature. Animals were randomly divided into two groups: a) non-treatment group (NT) (n = 18): animals received 1mL of vehicle; b) C. verbenacea group (C.v.) (n = 18): animals received 5mg/Kg of essential oils isolated from C. verbenacea. The therapies were administered topically 3 times daily for 11 days. Then, the specimens were processed for morphometric analysis of bone loss. The ligatures were used for microbiological assessment of the presence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia and Porphyromonas gingivalis using PCR. The gingival tissue was collected to Elisa assay of interleukin (IL)-1α and IL-10 levels. RESULTS: Bone loss was inhibited by C. verbenacea when compared to the NT group (p < 0.05). A decrease in the levels of IL-1α and increase in the IL-10 amounts was observed in the C.v. group as compared to NT group (p < 0.05). A lower frequency of P. gingivalis was found in C.v. group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: C. verbenacea essential oil topically administered diminished alveolar bone resorption, promoting a positive local imbalance in the pro/anti-inflammatory system and reducing the frequency of detection of P. gingivalis.