[Study of celiac disease in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus]. / Estudio de enfermedad celíaca en pacientes adultos con diabetes mellitus de tipo 1.

Celiac disease (CD) presents a wide clinical spectrum. There are asymptomatic or oligosymptomatic forms, which are difficult to diagnose. Since patients with untreated CD can develop severe complications, early diagnosis of these forms is important. Consequently, in groups at risk for CD, such as patients with type 1 diabetes (DM1), screening through determination of antigliadin (AGA), anti-tissue transglutaminase (ATG) and antiendomysial antibodies (EMA) is recommended. In the present study, 463 DM1 patients were screened for these antibodies. Patients who were positive for one or more were offered an upper endoscopy to obtain distal duodenum biopsies. Histological lesions, when present, were classified using Marsh's classification. Of the 463 patients, 62 (13.4%) were positive for at least one of the three antibodies, and 42 accepted to undergo an endoscopy. Fourteen patients (3% of the DM1 patients) were histologically diagnosed with CD. Most of these patients had no symptoms of CD, although some showed laboratory findings frequent in CD. The presence of clinical or analytical data compatible with CD was independent of the grade of histological lesions. Finally, we calculated the sensitivity and positive predictive value for each antibody. The most sensitive were ATG and EMA. Because of the technical simplicity of determining ATG with ELISA, in our opinion, this test should be the option of choice for screening.

Comparison of clinical characteristics of patients with follicular thyroid carcinoma and Hürthle cell carcinoma. / Comparación de las características clínicas en pacientes con carcinoma folicular de tiroides y carcinoma de células de Hürthle.

INTRODUCTION: Hürthle cell carcinoma (HCC) is an uncommon thyroid cancer historically considered to be a variant of follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC). The aim of this study was to assess the differences between these groups in terms of clinical factors and prognoses. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 230 patients (153 with FTC and 77 with HCC) with a median follow-up of 13.4 years were studied. The different characteristics were compared using SPSS version 20 statistical software. RESULTS: Patients with HCC were older (57.3±13.8 years vs. 44.6±15.2 years; P<.001). More advanced TNM stages were also seen in patients with HCC and a greater trend to distant metastases were also seen in patients with HCC (7.8% vs. 2.7%, P=.078). The persistence/recurrence rate at the end of follow-up was higher in patients with HCC (13% vs. 3.9%, P=.011). However, in a multivariate analysis, only age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.10, confidence interval [CI] 1.04-1.17; P=.001), size (HR 1.43, CI 1.05-1.94; P=.021), and histological subtype (HR 9.79, CI 2.35-40.81; P=.002), but not presence of HCC, were significantly associated to prognosis. CONCLUSION: HCC is diagnosed in older patients and in more advanced stages as compared to FTC. However, when age, size, and histological subtype are similar, disease-free survival is also similar in both groups.

Value of repeated fine needle aspiration cytology in patients with nodular goiter.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of reaspiration cytology in benign nodular thyroid disease. DESIGN: We prospectively studied 400 patients (365 women, 35 men) aged 46 years (18-89) with nodular thyroid disease and initial benign fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Reaspiration of the same nodule was performed in a median follow-up time of 14 months (6-18). RESULTS: Repeat FNAC was benign in 346 patients (86.5%), insufficient for diagnosis in 42 (10.5%), suspicious in 16 (2.5%) and malignant in 2 (0.5%). All diagnostic changes to suspicious malignant cytology took place in patients with solitary nodules. Surgery confirmed thyroid cancer in the 2 patients with malignant cytology, in 5 of 10 patients with suspicious cytology and in none of 39 patients with benign cytology who underwent surgery for other reasons. Clinical changes (size increase or local symptoms) were not related to changes in cytologic diagnosis after a second aspiration, nor with the results of the biopsy. CONCLUSION: Repeat aspiration cytology of thyroid nodules may correct initial false negative results because of cytologic misdiagnosis, occurring in 1.75% of patients, whereas clinical changes did not contribute to diagnosis change. Repeat aspiration cytology is recommended in all patients with nodular goiter.

Diarrea crónica: el primer síntoma de un carcinoma medular de tiroides metastásico / Chronic diarrhea: the first symptom of a metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma

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Comparación de las características clínicas en pacientes con carcinoma folicular de tiroides y carcinoma de células de Hürthle / Comparison of clinical characteristics of patients with follicular thyroid carcinoma and Hürthle cell carcinoma

Introducción: El carcinoma de células de Hürthle (CCH) es un tipo de cáncer de tiroides infrecuente considerado históricamente una variante del carcinoma folicular de tiroides (CFT). El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer las diferencias que existen entre estos grupos en cuanto a los factores clínicos y pronósticos. Pacientes y métodos: Se incluyeron 230 pacientes (153 CFT y 77 CCH) con un seguimiento mediano de 13,4 años. Se compararon las diferentes características utilizando el programa estadístico SPSS versión 20. Resultados: Los pacientes con CCH tenían mayor edad (57,3±13,8 años vs. 44,6±15,2 años; p<0,001). También se observaron estadios TNM más avanzados en los CCH, con una mayor tendencia a presentar metástasis a distancia (7,8% vs. 2,7%; p=0,078). El porcentaje de persistencia/recurrencia al finalizar el seguimiento del estudio fue mayor entre los pacientes con CCH (13% vs. 3,9%; p=0,011). Sin embargo, en el análisis multivariante, solo la edad (hazard ratio [HR]: 1,10; intervalo de confianza [IC]: 1,04-1,17; p=0,001), el tamaño (HR: 1,43; IC: 1,05-1,94; p=0,021) y el subtipo histológico (HR: 9,79; IC: 2,35-40,81; p=0,002) se asociaron de forma significativa con el pronóstico, pero no el presentar un CCH. Conclusión: El CCH se diagnostica en pacientes de mayor edad y en estadios más avanzados que el CFT. Sin embargo, si la edad, el tamaño y el subtipo histológico son similares, la supervivencia libre de enfermedad no difiere en ambos grupos (AU)

Introduction: Hürthle cell carcinoma (HCC) is an uncommon thyroid cancer historically considered to be a variant of follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC). The aim of this study was to assess the differences between these groups in terms of clinical factors and prognoses. Patients and methods: A total of 230 patients (153 with FTC and 77 with HCC) with a median follow-up of 13.4 years were studied. The different characteristics were compared using SPSS version 20 statistical software. Results: Patients with HCC were older (57.3±13.8 years vs. 44.6±15.2 years; P<.001). More advanced TNM stages were also seen in patients with HCC and a greater trend to distant metastases were also seen in patients with HCC (7.8% vs. 2.7%, P=.078). The persistence/recurrence rate at the end of follow-up was higher in patients with HCC (13% vs. 3.9%, P=.011). However, in a multivariate analysis, only age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.10, confidence interval [CI] 1.04-1.17; P=.001), size (HR 1.43, CI 1.05-1.94; P=.021), and histological subtype (HR 9.79, CI 2.35-40.81; P=.002), but not presence of HCC, were significantly associated to prognosis. Conclusion: HCC is diagnosed in older patients and in more advanced stages as compared to FTC. However, when age, size, and histological subtype are similar, disease-free survival is also similar in both groups (AU)

Estudio de enfermedad celíaca en pacientes adultos con diabetes mellitus de tipo 1 / Study of celiac disease in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus

En el presente estudio determinamos los citados anticuerpos a 463 pacientes con DM1 y, a los que presentaban positividad para alguno de ellos, se les propuso la realización de una endoscopia con toma de biopsias de duodeno distal, y se clasificaron las lesiones histológicas, cuando existieron, según la clasificación de Marsh.Sesenta y dos de los 463 (13,4%) pacientes presentaron al menos uno de los 3 anticuerpos positivo y, de ellos, 42 accedieron a la realización de la endoscopia. En 14 pacientes (3% de los diabéticos) se encontraron alteraciones histológicas compatibles con EC. La mayoría de estos 14 pacientes no refería síntomas relacionados con la enfermedad, aunque varios presentaban alteraciones analíticas presentes frecuentemente en la EC. La existencia de datos clinicoanalíticos compatibles con EC fue independiente del grado de lesión histológica. Al analizar la sensibilidad y el valor predictivo positivo para cada anticuerpo, los ATG y EMA fueron los más sensibles, si bien la facilidad técnica de detección de los ATG mediante técnicas de ELISA hace, en nuestra opinión, que sea el de elección para la realización del cribado(AU)

Celiac disease (CD) presents a wide clinical spectrum. There are asymptomatic or oligosymptomatic forms, which are difficult to diagnose. Since patients with untreated CD can develop severe complications, early diagnosis of these forms is important. Consequently, in groups at risk for CD, such as patients with type 1 diabetes (DM1), screening through determination of antigliadin (AGA), anti-tissue transglutaminase (ATG) and antiendomysial antibodies (EMA) is recommended. In the present study, 463 DM1 patients were screened for these antibodies. Patients who were positive for one or more were offered an upper endoscopy to obtain distal duodenum biopsies. Histological lesions, when present, were classified using Marsh's classification. Of the 463 patients, 62 (13.4%) were positive for at least one of the three antibodies, and 42 accepted to undergo an endoscopy. Fourteen patients (3% of the DM1 patients) were histologically diagnosed with CD. Most of these patients had no symptoms of CD, although some showed laboratory findings frequent in CD. The presence of clinical or analytical data compatible with CD was independent of the grade of histological lesions. Finally, we calculated the sensitivity and positive predictive value for each antibody. The most sensitive were ATG and EMA. Because of the technical simplicity of determining ATG with ELISA, in our opinion, this test should be the option of choice for screening (AU)