RESUMO
Although irritable bowel syndrome is a common functional bowel disease worldwide, few prevalence studies have been published. Diagnosis is clinical and based on internationally agreed criteria that have changed over time. Currently the Rome IV Consensus is used as the international reference. OBJECTIVE: Collect and update available prevalence data from Latin America to better understand the regional behavior of irritable bowel syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A search was carried out for original works, self-defined on prevalence, in the Pubmed and Lilacs databases. Presentations or posters at congresses of original works were also considered. RESULTS: According to the established search criteria, 27 studies were found. Of these, 16 were in the general population. Two studies included the study of the prevalence of more than one population, for which reason 22 prevalence data were obtained from 9 countries. The total average prevalence for Latin America was 15.4%. The average prevalence found by the Rome II criteria was 23.5%; by Rome III 11.8% and by Rome IV 6.98%. CONCLUSION: This is the first review to collect data on the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in the general population from nine Latin American countries. The average prevalence found was 15%. The variability was wide and the diagnostic criteria used made the biggest difference.
Assuntos
Síndrome do Intestino Irritável , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável/diagnóstico , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável/epidemiologia , América Latina/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Evidence indicates that low-grade inflammation can alter gastrointestinal motor and sensory function and might contribute to the genesis of symptoms in IBS. OBJECTIVE: To examine relationships between IBS, disease antibodies and cytokine titers in celiac patients and a control group. MATERIALS AND METHODS: IBS, CD activity and serum levels of IL-6, IL-8 and IL12/23p40 were determined in celiac patients and controls. RESULTS: 123 celiac patients were included, 89% were female. 59% demonstrated disease activity and 32% met IBS criteria. Prevalence of IBS was not different between patients who adhered or did not adhere to GFD as well as between patients with or without positive antibodies. Celiac patients had increased levels of IL-6, IL-8 and IL12/23p40 as compared to controls. Higher levels of cytokines were found in celiac patients with IBS than in those without IBS. No difference in levels of cytokines was found between patients with and without CD positive antibodies. A significant negative correlation between the mental component of QoL and IL-6 and IL12/23p40 levels was found, but not with IL-8. CONCLUSION: Higher levels of inflammatory cytokines were found in CD patients with IBS than in either those without IBS or controls, indicating that IBS symptoms are associated with an increase in the inflammatory response and a decrease in quality of life of CD patients. These differences in cytokine levels were not related to CD antibodies status suggesting that IBS, in CD, is related to a different inflammatory process than that which is relevant to CD.
Assuntos
Anticorpos/sangue , Doença Celíaca/complicações , Doença Celíaca/imunologia , Interleucina-12/sangue , Interleucina-6/sangue , Interleucina-8/sangue , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável/sangue , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável/complicações , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the main reasons for drug withdrawal from the market, and a cause of worldwide morbidity. Although several issues on DILI are still unsolved, there have been significant advances in new definitions and diagnosis tools. DILI is the result of a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors, and constitutes an expanding area of investigation. DILI can mimic virtually all known hepatopathies, including vascular disorders and liver tumours. As part of this broad spectrum of clinical presentations, DILI severity ranges from asymptomatic elevations of aminotransferases to acute liver failure. Although biomarkers are emerging as valuable diagnostic tools, they are not available in clinical practice. Accurate DILI diagnosis is a challenging issue, particularly the establishing of causal relationships with the culprit agent and the exclusion of competing causes of liver injury. Given that the understanding of the mechanisms inducing DILI is growing, and both DILI causality assessment scales and the performance of international DILI networks have been improved, hepatotoxicity may be recognised earlier in clinical practice. In this review, advances and results obtained by DILI registries around the world, case characterisations, particularly those relevant to newer definitions in DILI, and the behaviour of chronic liver disease induced by drugs will be updated. In addition, recently published data on herbal and dietary supplements and new predictive scores for acute liver failure assessment will also be discussed.
RESUMO
RESUMEN El síndrome de intestino irritable es una enfermedad funcional intestinal frecuente a nivel mundial, pero con pocos estudios de prevalencia. Su diagnóstico es clínico y se basa en criterios acordados internacionalmente que han cambiado con el tiempo, actualmente regidos por el Consenso de Roma IV. Objetivo : Recabar y actualizar datos disponibles de prevalencia de América Latina para entender mejor el comportamiento regional de SII. Materiales y métodos : Se realizó una búsqueda de trabajos originales, autodefinidos de prevalencia, en las bases de datos Pubmed y Lilacs así como presentaciones en congresos de trabajos originales. Resultados : Se encontraron 27 estudios según los criterios de búsqueda establecidos. De ellos, 16 eran en población general. Dos trabajos incluyeron el estudio de prevalencia de más de una población constituyendo finalmente 22 referencias desarrolladas en 9 países. La prevalencia promedio total para América Latina fue 15,4%. La prevalencia promedio encontrada por criterios de Roma II fue 23,5%; por Roma III 11,8% y por Roma IV 6,98%. Conclusión : Esta es la primera revisión en reunir datos de prevalencia de síndrome de intestino irritable en población general de nueve países de América Latina. La prevalencia promedio encontrada fue 15%. La variabilidad fue amplia y los criterios diagnósticos utilizados hicieron la mayor diferencia.
ABSTRACT Although irritable bowel syndrome is a common functional bowel disease worldwide, few prevalence studies have been published. Diagnosis is clinical and based on internationally agreed criteria that have changed over time. Currently the Rome IV Consensus is used as the international reference. Objective : Collect and update available prevalence data from Latin America to better understand the regional behavior of irritable bowel syndrome. Materials and methods : A search was carried out for original works, self-defined on prevalence, in the Pubmed and Lilacs databases. Presentations or posters at congresses of original works were also considered. Results : According to the established search criteria, 27 studies were found. Of these, 16 were in the general population. Two studies included the study of the prevalence of more than one population, for which reason 22 prevalence data were obtained from 9 countries. The total average prevalence for Latin America was 15.4%. The average prevalence found by the Rome II criteria was 23.5%; by Rome III 11.8% and by Rome IV 6.98%. Conclusion : This is the first review to collect data on the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in the general population from nine Latin American countries. The average prevalence found was 15%. The variability was wide and the diagnostic criteria used made the biggest difference.
RESUMO
ABSTRACT Background: Evidence indicates that low-grade inflammation can alter gastrointestinal motor and sensory function and might contribute to the genesis of symptoms in IBS. Objective: To examine relationships between IBS, disease antibodies and cytokine titers in celiac patients and a control group. Materials and methods: IBS, CD activity and serum levels of IL-6, IL-8 and IL12/23p40 were determined in celiac patients and controls. Results: 123 celiac patients were included, 89% were female. 59% demonstrated disease activity and 32% met IBS criteria. Prevalence of IBS was not different between patients who adhered or did not adhere to GFD as well as between patients with or without positive antibodies. Celiac patients had increased levels of IL-6, IL-8 and IL12/23p40 as compared to controls. Higher levels of cytokines were found in celiac patients with IBS than in those without IBS. No difference in levels of cytokines was found between patients with and without CD positive antibodies. A significant negative correlation between the mental component of QoL and IL-6 and IL12/23p40 levels was found, but not with IL-8. Conclusion: Higher levels of inflammatory cytokines were found in CD patients with IBS than in either those without IBS or controls, indicating that IBS symptoms are associated with an increase in the inflammatory response and a decrease in quality of life of CD patients. These differences in cytokine levels were not related to CD antibodies status suggesting that IBS, in CD, is related to a different inflammatory process than that which is relevant to CD.
RESUMEN Antecedentes: la evidencia indica que la inflamación de bajo grado puede alterar la función motora y sensorial gastrointestinal y puede contribuir a la aparición de síntomas en el SII. Objetivo: Examinar la relación entre SII, anticuerpos contra enfermedades y títulos de citocinas en pacientes celíacos y un grupo de control. Materiales y métodos: se determinaron los síntomas de SII, actividad de CD y niveles séricos de IL-6, IL-8 e IL12 / 23p40 en pacientes celíacos y controles. Resultados: se incluyeron 123 pacientes celíacos, el 89% eran mujeres. El 59% demostró actividad de la enfermedad y el 32% cumplió con los criterios del SII. La prevalencia del SII no fue diferente entre los pacientes que se adhirieron o no se adhirieron a GFD, así como entre los pacientes con o sin anticuerpos positivos. Los pacientes celíacos tenían niveles aumentados de IL-6, IL-8 e IL12 / 23p40 en comparación con los controles. Se encontraron niveles más altos de citocinas en pacientes celíacos con SII que en aquellos sin SII. No se encontraron diferencias en los niveles de citocinas entre pacientes con y sin anticuerpos CD positivos. Se encontró una correlación negativa significativa entre el componente mental de la calidad de vida y los niveles de IL-6 e IL12 / 23p40, pero no con IL-8. Conclusión: Se encontraron niveles más altos de citocinas inflamatorias en pacientes con EC con SII que en aquellos sin SII o controles, lo que indica que los síntomas del SII están asociados con un aumento en la respuesta inflamatoria y una disminución en la calidad de vida de los pacientes con CD. Estas diferencias en los niveles de citocinas no estaban relacionadas con el estado de los anticuerpos contra la CD, lo que sugiere que el SII, en la CD, está relacionado con un proceso inflamatorio diferente al que es relevante para la CD.
Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doença Celíaca/complicações , Doença Celíaca/imunologia , Interleucina-8/sangue , Interleucina-6/sangue , Interleucina-12/sangue , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável/sangue , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável/complicações , Anticorpos/sangue , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
Resumen: La Enfermedad de Wilson es un trastorno genético raro que puede presentarse a cualquier edad y se caracteriza por el depósito de cobre a nivel hepático y cerebral. La afectación hepática abarca desde formas asintomática hasta falla hepática fulminante o cirrosis. Su diagnóstico precoz tiene implicancias pronósticas ya que el tratamiento puede lograr un balance negativo de cobre, permitir el control sintomático y prevenir la progresión de la enfermedad. Se presenta el caso de un hombre de 27 años, con dolor abdominal, en el que se hizo el diagnóstico de Enfermedad de Wilson a partir de una hipertransaminasemia leve. Los hallazgos que orientaron al diagnóstico fueron una cupruria aumentada por inducción con D-penicilamina y una cuantificación de cobre en tejido hepático seco elevada. Con un estadio de fibrosis leve, se comenzó tratamiento con D-penicilamina con buena tolerancia y la normalización de las alteraciones bioquímicas.
Abstract: Wilson's disease is a rare genetic disorder that can occur at any age and is characterized by copper deposition in the liver and brain. Liver involvement ranges from asymptomatic forms to fulminant hepatic failure or cirrhosis. Its early diagnosis has prognostic implications since the treatment can achieve a negative copper balance, allow symptomatic control and prevent the progression of the disease. We present the case of a 27-year-old man with abdominal pain, who was diagnosed with Wilson's disease from mild hypertransaminasemia. The findings that led to the diagnosis were an increased cupruria by induction with D-penicillamine and a quantification of copper in elevated dry liver tissue. With a stage of mild fibrosis, treatment with D-penicillamine was started with good tolerance and normalization of biochemical alterations.
Resumo: Doença de Wilson é uma doença genética rara que pode ocorrer em qualquer idade e é caracterizada pela deposição de cobre no fígado e no cérebro. O envolvimento do fígado varia de formas assintomáticas a insuficiência hepática fulminante ou cirrose. Seu diagnóstico precoce tem implicações prognósticas, uma vez que o tratamento pode alcançar um balanço negativo do cobre, permitir o controle sintomático e prevenir a progressão da doença. Apresentamos o caso de um homem de 27 anos com dor abdominal, diagnosticado com doença de Wilson de hipertransaminasemia leve. Os achados que levaram ao diagnóstico foram aumento da cuprúria por indução com D-penicilamina e quantificação de cobre em tecido hepático seco elevado. Com uma fase de fibrose leve, o tratamento com D-penicilamina foi iniciado com boa tolerância e normalização das alterações bioquímicas.