Ion and Electron Momentum Distributions from Single and Double Ionization of Helium Induced by Compton Scattering.

We present the momentum distributions of the nucleus and of the electrons from double ionization of the helium atom by Compton scattering of photons with hν=40 keV. We find that the doubly charged ion momentum distribution is very close to the Compton profile of the nucleus in the ground state of the helium atom, and the momentum distribution of the singly charged ion to give a precise image of the electron Compton profile. To reproduce these results, nonrelativistic calculations require the use of highly correlated initial- and final-state wave functions.

[Growth mechanisms and morphological structural features of large uterine leiomyoma]. / Mekhanizmy rosta i osobennosti morfologicheskogo stroeniia leiomiomy matki bol'shogo razmera.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the growth mechanisms of large uterine leiomyoma (LULM) on the basis of a clinical morphology examination, by providing immunohistochemical (IHC) characteristics of the expression of growth factors (transforming growth factor-beta (TGFß) and platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor (PD-ECGF)) and markers of stemness (CD117/c-kit, Connexin 43, Nestin) and proliferation (Ki-67). SUBJECT AND METHODS: The investigators examined surgical specimens from 38 women diagnosed with simple uterine leiomyoma (ULM), who had been divided into two groups: 1) 21 patients with LULM (>6 cm in diameter) (a study group); 2) 17 patients with small ULM (<4 cm in diameter) (a comparison group). Each group was also divided into two age subgroups (younger (<45 years) and older (≥45 years) subgroups (1a (n=12), 1b (n=9), 2a (n=8) and 2b (n=9), respectively. Histological specimens were used to make IHC examination with antibodies against TGFß, PD-ECGF, CD117/c-kit, Connexin 43, Nestin, and Ki-67. RESULTS: The growth mechanisms of LULM of simple histological structure were found to be associated with the larger number of growth zones in the tumors, with their enhanced cellular proliferative activity, and with the appearance of cells with signs of stemness, which is combined with the preserved subsequent maturation of tumor cells and determines the benign nature of LULM. CONCLUSION: There were differences in the molecular profile of LULM and small ULM, as well as LULM in perimenopausal and young women by the expression levels of Ki-67, TGFß, PD-ECGF, CD117, and Connexin 43, which can be used for diagnosis, prediction, and development of targeted therapies.

Agreement of Experiment and Theory on the Single Ionization of Helium by Fast Proton Impact.

Even though the study of ion-atom collisions is a mature field of atomic physics, large discrepancies between experiment and theoretical calculations are still common. Here we present experimental results with high momentum resolution on the single ionization of helium induced by 1-MeV protons, and we compare these to theoretical calculations. The overall agreement is strikingly good, and even the first Born approximation yields good agreement between theory and experiment. This has been expected for several decades, but so far has not been accomplished. The influence of projectile coherence effects on the measured data is briefly discussed in terms of an ongoing dispute on the existence of nodal structures in the electron angular emission distributions.

Expression and intracellular localization of ACA and TRA-1-81 in smooth muscle cell tumors.

We studied the expression and intracellular localization of ACA and TRA-1-81 in smooth muscle cell tumors. The study was performed on tissue specimens obtained during surgery from patients with uterine leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma (mean age 34 and 51 years, respectively). ACA was present in leiomyoma, leiomyosarcoma, and control myometrium. Intracellular expression of ACA varied in different types of tumors and was minimum in normal myometrium and maximum in leiomyosarcoma. Membrane localization of the protein is typical of common and cellular leiomyoma, while in the growth zones of mitotically active leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma the reaction product was primarily located in tumor cell cytoplasm. TRA was detected in some leiomyosarcoma cells. Thus, ACA dysregulation was revealed in the growth zones of leiomyomas and in leiomyosarcomas, which manifested in enhanced expression of this protein and its detachment from the plasma membrane, which leads ACA translocation into the cytoplasm and nucleus of tumor cells and potentiates their proliferative activity.

Preparation and characterization of metastable trigonal layered MSb2O6 phases (M = Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Mg) and considerations on FeSb2O6.

MSb2O6 compounds (M = Mg, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) are known in the tetragonal trirutile forms, slightly distorted monoclinically with M = Cu due to the Jahn-Teller effect. In this study, using a low-temperature exchange reaction between ilmenite-type NaSbO3 and molten MSO4-KCl (or MgCl2-KCl) mixtures, these five compositions were prepared for the first time as trigonal layered rosiaite (PbSb2O6)-type phases. Upon heating, they irreversibly transform to the known phases via amorphous intermediates, in contrast to previously studied isostructural MnSb2O6, where the stable phase is structurally related to the metastable phase. The same method was found to be applicable for preparing stable rosiaite-type CdSb2O6. The formula volumes of the new phases show an excellent correlation with the ionic radii (except for M = Cu, for which a Jahn-Teller distortion is suspected) and are 2-3% larger than those for the known forms although all coordination numbers are the same. The crystal structure of CoSb2O6 was refined via the Rietveld method: P3[combining macron]1m, a = 5.1318(3) Å, and c = 4.5520(3) Å. Compounds with M = Co and Ni antiferromagnetically order at 11 and 15 K, respectively, whereas the copper compound does not show long-range magnetic order down to 1.5 K. A comparison between the magnetic behavior of the metastable and stable polymorphs was carried out. FeSb2O6 could not be prepared because of the 2Fe2+ + Sb5+ = 2Fe3+ + Sb3+ redox reaction. This electron transfer produces an additional 5s2 shell for Sb and results in a volume increase. A comparison of the formula volume for the stable mixture FeSbO4 + 0.5Sb2O4 with that extrapolated for FeSb2O6 predicted that the trirutile-type FeSb2O6 can be stabilized at high pressures.

[Possibilities of treatment optimization in children and adolescents with epilepsy and disturbances of emotion and volition (disphoria)]. / Vozmozhnosti optimizatsii terapii detei i podrostkov, stradayushchikh epilepsiei s emotsional'no-volevymi narusheniyami (disforii).

AIM: To optimize the treatment of dysphoriain children and adolescents in regard to sex and disease severity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seventy children and adolescents (boys - 45, girls - 25), aged from 6 to 18 years, with different forms of epilepsy and emotion and dysphoric disturbances were studied using CPRS andGCIscales Depending on dysphoria severity, patients were stratified into three groups: mild (n=19 (27.1%), moderate (n=27 (38.6%)) and severe (n=24 (34.3%)). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Dysphoric disorders were significantly more prevalent in boys, hostility and aggression were characteristic of boys as well. These facts impactedtreatment options. Neuroleptics were more frequently used in boys (35.5%) compared to girls(16%).Mild dysphoria didn't require additional treatment besides AED in 78,4%. In 75% cases of moderate dysphoria,systemic treatment with neuroleptics for 6 months was necessary. One-time recommendations for neuroleptic treatment were made in all three groups with the prevalence in a groupof children with severe and moderate dysphoria.

[Therapy of psychotic schizophrenia spectrum disorders in adolescents].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical efficacy, tolerability and safety of prolonged treatment with paliperidone in adolescents with the exacerbation of psychotic schizophrenia spectrum disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-six adolescents at the age from 14 to 18 years with ICD-10 diagnosis F20-21, F25 were examined by clinical/psychopathological method (PANSS and CGI scale). The duration of the disease was from 1 to 3 years. The duration of the study was 12 months. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The efficacy and safety of prolonged use of paliperidone in a dose of 3 to 12 mg/day in adolescents with schizophrenia spectrum disorders were identified.

[Double blind placebo controlled randomized pilot clinical trial of baclofen (Baclosan®) for alcohol dependence].

AIM: To study efficacy and safety of baclofen for treatment of alcohol dependence. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 32 patients with alcohol dependence had been randomized into one of two treatment groups (16 patients in each): patients of the 1st group were treated with baclofen (50 mg/day) for 3 months while patients of the 2nd one received identically looking placebo. All the study subjects were scheduled to come to the clinic on the weekly basis to control alcohol use and compliance with the study medications (by riboflavin marker in urine) and also - for psychiatric evaluations (severity of craving for alcohol, anxiety and depression). Alcohol use evaluated with the Time Line Follow Back technique and gamma-glutamiltranspeptidase activity in blood. To assess anxiety Spielberger state-trait inventory and Hamilton scale were used. Depression was assessed with Montgomery-Ashberg scale. To evaluate carving for alcohol used Obsessive-Compulsive Drinking scale, Penn Alcohol Craving scale, and Visual Analog Scale of Craving. Overall treatment effect assessed with the Clinical Global Impression scale. The study design was double blind. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Baclofen did no differ significantly from placebo on either of primary or secondary outcome variables. However, primary outcome variables of retention in treatment and drinking were slightly better in the baclofen group compared to placebo, and those differences were close to the level of statistical significance. There were no differences between the groups in either rate of adverse events or liver enzymes activity which is an evidence of safety and good tolerability of baclofen in alcohol dependent patients. Further studies of baclofen for alcohol dependence in the larger sample size are needed.