The potential role of hydrogen sulfide in regulating macrophage phenotypic changes via PINK1/parkin-mediated mitophagy in sepsis-related cardiorenal syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: Sepsis is one of major reasons of cardiorenal syndrome type 5 (CRS-5), resulting in irreversible tissue damage and organ dysfunction. Macrophage has been demonstrated to play key role in the pathophysiology of sepsis, highlighting the need to identify therapeutic targets for modulating macrophage phenotype in sepsis. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, a rapid-releasing hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donor NaSH, and a slow-releasing H2S compound S-propargyl-cysteine (SPRC) which is derived from garlic, have been studied for the immune-regulatory effects on macrophages. The NaSH and SPRC showed the potential to protect the heart and kidney from tissue injury induced by LPS. The immunohistochemistry of F4/80+ revealed that the infiltration of macrophages in the heart and kidney tissues of LPS-treated mice was reduced by NaSH and SPRC. In addition, in the LPS-triggered inflammatory cascade of RAW264.7 macrophage cells, NaSH and SPRC exhibited significantly inhibitory effects on the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and regulation of the macrophage phenotype from M1-like to M2-like. Moreover, autophagy, a crucial process involved in the elimination of impaired proteins and organelles during oxidative stress and immune response, was induced by NaSH and SPRC in the presence of LPS stimulation. Consequently, there was an increase in the number of mitochondria and an improvement in mitochondrial membrane potential. This process was mainly mediated by PINK1/Parkin pathway mediated mitophagy. DISCUSSION: These results demonstrated that the immunoregulatory effects of H2S donors were through the PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy pathway. Overall, our study provided a new therapeutic direction in LPS-induced cardiorenal injury.

Effectiveness of Parecoxib Sodium Combined with Transversus Abdominis Plane Block for Pain Management After Hepatectomy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Prospective Controlled Study.

BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of perioperative parecoxib sodium combined with transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block on postoperative pain management following hepatectomy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred patients with HCC who underwent hepatectomy were randomized into a study group (n=51) and a control group (n=49). The study group received 40 mg of parecoxib sodium 30 minutes before anesthetic induction, and 150 mg of 0.375% ropivacaine with 5 mg dexamethasone as TAP inhibitors, before closing the abdominal incision. The control group received 40 mg of placebo 30 minutes before anesthetic induction, without TAP block. Postoperatively, all patients received patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) and evaluation with subjective visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores. Data on adverse events, postoperative ambulation (>6 hours/day), time of flatus and defecation, and hospitalization duration were recorded. RESULTS Pain scores of the study group were significantly lower compared with the control group on the first three postoperative days. No significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of adverse events. In the study group, the number of cases of postoperative ambulation was significantly more than the control group. The onset of flatus and defecation and duration of hospital stay in the study group were significantly shorter in the study group compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS Parecoxib sodium combined with TAP block effectively reduced postoperative pain, improved ambulation, improved gastrointestinal function, and shortened hospitalization time following hepatectomy in patients with HCC without adverse effects.

Developmental trajectories and predictors of Internet gaming disorder across the university years: A person-centered five-wave cohort study.

With a rapid rise in internet gaming, internet gaming disorder (IGD) has become a contemporary concern. However, little is known about the long-term dynamic changes in IGD over time. Using a person-centered five-wave longitudinal design, the current study explored the heterogeneous trajectories of IGD among 5787 students during their university years, and examined the role of protective and risk factors in differentiating distinct patterns of IGD. The growth mixture modeling revealed three distinct trajectories of IGD: stable-low pattern (n = 4575, 87.42 %), increasing pattern (n = 357, 6.80 %), and decreasing pattern (n = 302, 5.78 %). Additionally, the students with high self-control and self-compassion were more likely to be in the stable-low group instead of the other risk groups. Depressive symptoms and peer conflicts, as two time-varying variables, were significant risk predictors for IGD. These findings highlight the importance of identifying high-risk groups for IGD and providing them with personalized and effective mental health services to reduce their risk of developing IGD in the future.

Emotional dysregulation as a mediator linking sleep disturbance with aggressive behaviors: Disentangling between- and within-person associations.

PURPOSE: Sleep problems and aggressive behaviors are two prevalent and highly related problems among adolescents and emerging adults worldwide. This longitudinal study examined the reciprocal relations between sleep disturbance with aggressive behaviors and whether emotional dysregulation functioned as mediator of the relations, after separating within-person effects from between-person effects. METHODS: A total of 4352 freshman students participated in a five-wave longitudinal study across two and half years. Data from the second wave to the fourth wave was used in this study. Random intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPM) were utilized to separate between- and within-person effects. RESULTS: Results from RI-CLPM showed: (a) Sleep disturbance and aggressive behaviors bidirectionally predicted each other at the within-person level; (b) Emotional dysregulation functioned as a mediator of the associations from sleep disturbance to aggressive behaviors at the within-person level. CONCLUSION: These findings advanced the literature by elucidating longitudinal associations among sleep disturbance, emotional dysregulation, and aggressive behaviors at the within-person level, suggesting that prevention and intervention programs targeted at improving emotional regulation skills may be helpful to prevent the developmental pathway from sleep disturbance to aggressive behaviors among college students.

Associations between insomnia symptom trajectories with depression and self-harm behaviors in Chinese college students before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A five-wave longitudinal investigation.

BACKGROUND: Sleep problems are highly prevalent during COVID-19 pandemic. However, only very limited studies have examined the changing patterns of insomnia symptom before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, and most of these studies were limited to two-wave designs and the variable-centered approach. METHODS: The data was taken from a large-scale health-related cohort among Chinese college students. This cohort was a five-wave design and 3834 participants who completed at least two waves were included in the present study. Growth mixture modeling (GMM) was used to estimate trajectory classes for insomnia symptoms, followed by binary logistic regression to explore the association between trajectory classes and subsequent mental health problems. RESULTS: GMM analyses extracted four distinct trajectories of insomnia symptoms: stable-low pattern (n = 2897, 75.6 %), increasing pattern (n = 405, 10.6 %), decreasing pattern (n = 182, 4.7 %), and stable-high pattern (n = 350, 9.1 %). Additionally, we found that individuals in stable-high and increasing patterns were more likely to experience mental health problems after the COVID-19 pandemic even after adjusting significant covariates and outcomes at baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Appreciable heterogeneity in insomnia symptoms among college students was revealed before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. About 20 % of college students were classified as high-risk patterns of insomnia symptoms. Psychological interventions should target such vulnerable groups to reduce the rates of mental health problems.

Anosognosia for Hemiplegia and Falls After Stroke: A Prospective Correlational Study.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to explore the association between the presence and severity of anosognosia for hemiplegia (AHP) and falls in stroke survivors. DESIGN: A prospective, correlational research design was utilized. METHODS: Primary instrumentation included demographic information and the Visual-Analogue Test for Anosognosia for motor impairment (VATA-m). Correlational and regression analyses were performed between a priori variables. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant relationship found between AHP and falls. An incidental finding included that clinicians erroneously charted that their patients were aware of their physical limitations 100% of the time, which indicates that there is discord between clinicians and patients regarding physical limitations. CONCLUSIONS: Though no statistically significant relationship was found between AHP and falls, the incidental finding of dissonance between the patient and the clinician has important clinical implications. RELEVANCE: The relationship between AHP and stroke rehabilitation outcomes is still not understood, and incorporating part of the VATA-m into patient assessment could improve clinician understanding of patient awareness.

Rare earth centered hybrid materials: Tb3+ covalently bonded with La3+, Gd3+, Y3+ through sulfonamide bridge and luminescence enhancement.

The organic ligand 5-sulfosalicylic acid (SSA) is grafted by (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) to achieve functionalized sulfonamide bridge (SSA-Si) which can both coordinate to Ln(3+) to form luminescent center and link inorganic Si-O network through hydrolysis and condensation reaction with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). Thus the organic-inorganic hybrid is obtained with sol-gel method. The organic polymer poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) acts as another precursor is prepared through the direct addition polymerization of MMA monomer in the presence of the initiator BPO (benzoyl peroxide). The two kinds of precursors are coordinated to the Ln(3+) simultaneously to form organic-inorganic-polymeric hybrids which contain both inorganic Si-O-Si net and organic periodic C-C chains. In these complicated compounds we intercalate different ratios of Tb(3+) and inert lanthanide ion (La(3+), Gd(3+), Y(3+)) and find that the introduction of the inert lanthanide ions can enhance the luminescence intensity. This enhancement phenomenon is called co-luminescence effect which is studied by emission spectra in this paper.

NR4A1 enhances MKP7 expression to diminish JNK activation induced by ROS or ER-stress in pancreatic ß cells for surviving.

Under adverse conditions, such as sustained or chronic hyperglycemia or hyperlipidemia, ROS (reactive oxygen species) or/and ER-stress (endoplasmic reticulum stress) will be induced in pancreatic ß cells. ROS or ER-stress damages ß-cells even leads to apoptosis. Previously we found ROS or ER-stress resulted in JNK activation in ß cells and overexpressing NR4A1 in MIN6 cells reduced JNK activation via modulating cbl-b expression and subsequent degrading the upstream JNK kinase (MKK4). To search other possible mechanisms, we found the mRNA level and protein level of MKP7 (a phosphatase for phospho-JNK) were dramatic reduced in pancreatic ß cells in the islets from NR4A1 KO mice compared with that from wild type mice. To confirm what we found in animals, we applied pancreatic ß cells (MIN6 cells) and found that the expression of MKP7 was increased in NR4A1-overexpression MIN6 cells. We further found that knocking down the expression of MKP7 increased the p-JNK level in pancreatic ß cells upon treatment with TG or H2O2. After that, we figured out that NR4A1 did enhance the transactivation of the MKP7 promoter by physical association with two putative binding sites. In sum, NR4A1 attenuates JNK phosphorylation incurred by ER-stress or ROS partially via enhancing MKP7 expression, potentially decreases pancreatic ß cell apoptosis induced by ROS or ER-stress. Our finding provides a clue for diabetes prevention.

Hybrid materials of lanthanide centers/functionalized 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone/silicon-oxygen network/polymeric chain: coordination bonded assembly, physical characterization, and photoluminescence.

2-Thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTA) was grafted onto the coupling agent 3-(triethoxysilyl)-propyl isocyanate (TEPIC) through a hydrogen transfer addition reaction to construct the multifunctional bridge precursor. Other kinds of polymeric precursors (PVPD, PMAA, and PVPDMAA) were synthesized through the addition polymerization reactions using the monomer 4-vinylpyridine and methacrylic acid as the raw materials. The lanthanide compound was then assembled by the coordination effect between precursors and europium ions with the carbonyl, carboxyl groups, or nitrogen atoms. At last, we have utilized the first precursor hydrolyzed with the tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) via the sol-gel copolycondensation process to obtain three kinds of final hybrid polymers. The photoluminescence and microstructural, thermal, and mechanical properties were characterized and the results reveal that the hybrid materials imbedded into the single polymer (PVPD and PMAA) show more efficient intramolecular energy transfer between the europium ion and the modified ligand TTA-Si, bringing the excellent characteristic emission of europium ion. The different configuration of the polymeric precursor introduces a vital different appearance in the microstructure, and the hybrid material with PVPD shows the highest luminescence quantum efficiency and longest lifetime.

Chinese Expert Consensus on Enhanced Recovery After Hepatectomy (Version 2017).

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is a series of perioperative optimized treatment measures based on evidence-based medicine which can control perioperative pathological and physiological responses, reduce surgical trauma and postoperative stress, and then achieve rapid recovery. This is a new concept in the 21st century, which is a revolution to the medical treatment and rehabilitation mode. Based on the clinical application study and expert experience in present ERAS in hepatectomy field at home and abroad, Chinese Expert Consensus on Enhanced Recovery After Hepatectomy (Version 2017) is established. The Chinese Expert consensus is the first guideline in the area of ERAS in hepatic surgery in China, which is drafted by the committee organized by Chinese Medical Association and China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care.

Electronic Modulation of Palladium in Metal Phosphide Nanoparticles for Chemoselective Reduction of Halogenated Nitrobenzenes.

Tuning the electronic property of a transition metal plays an important role in the selective catalysis. Herein, the control synthesis of (Pdx Niy )-P nanoparticles is reported. The binding energy of Pd3d5/2 as a function of x/y ratio is well tunable from 335.3 to 335.9 eV. The composition-induced electronic modulation was correlated with the selective catalysis of (Pdx Niy )-P in the reduction of halogenated nitrobenzenes. The electro-deficiency of Pd helped to improve the selectivity. The amorphous (Pd38 Ni26 )P36 /C performed an exceptional selectivity in comparison with other related (Pd-Ni)-P/C, Pd38 Ni26 /C, and Pd/C. Various halogenated nitrobenzenes (chlorides, bromides, and iodide) were tolerant and the corresponding halogenated anilines were obtained in high yields. This work provides some clues for the rational design of bimetallic phosphides with covalent interactions to boost the catalysis.

Assembly, characterization, and photoluminescence of hybrids containing europium(III) complexes covalently bonded to inorganic Si-O networks/organic polymers by modified beta-diketone.

1-(2-naphthoyl)-3,3,3-trifluoroacetonate (NTA) was grafted to the coupling agent 3-(triethoxysilyl)-propyl isocyanate (TEPIC) and used as the first kind of precursor, and other kinds of precursors (PVPD, PMAA, and PVPDMAA) were synthesized through the addition polymerization reactions of the monomer 4-vinylpyridine and methacrylic acid. Then, these precursors coordinated to rare earth ions, and the three kinds of hybrid polymeric materials were obtained after hydrolysis and copolycondensation with the tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) via a sol-gel process. FTIR, ultraviolet, ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflection and photoluminescent spectra, electronic microscopy diagraphs, room-temperature X-ray diffraction patterns, and TG plots were characterized, and the results reveal that the hybrid materials imbedded into the single polymer (PVPD and PMAA) showed more uniformity in the microstructure, more efficient intramolecular energy transfer between europium ions and the modified ligand NTA-Si and more excellent characteristic emission of europium ions under UV irradiation with higher (5)D(0) luminescence quantum efficiency and longer lifetime than the hybrid materials imbedded into the multipolymer (PVPDMAA).

Rare-earth/inorganic/organic polymeric hybrid materials: molecular assembly, regular microstructure and photoluminescence.

2-Hydroxynicotinic acid (HNA) was grafted by 3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl isocyanate (TEPIC) to achieve the molecular precursor HNA-Si through the hydrogen-transfer nucleophilic addition reaction between the hydroxyl group of HNA and the isocyanate group of TEPIC. Then, a chemically bonded rare-earth/inorganic polymeric hybrid material (A) was constructed using HNA-Si as a bridge molecule that can both coordinate to rare-earth ions (HNA-Si-RE) and form an inorganic Si-O network with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) after cohydrolysis and copolycondensation processes. Further, three types of novel rare-earth/inorganic/organic polymeric hybrids (B-D) were assembled by the introduction of three different organic polymeric chains into the above system. First, methacrylic acid (MAA) [or methacrylic acid and acrylamide (ALM) in the molar ratio of 1:1] was mixed to polymerize (or copolymerize) with benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as the initiator to form poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) [or poly(methacrylic and acrylamide) (PMAALM)], and then PMAA or PMAALM was added to the precursor HNA-Si before the assembly of HNA-Si-RE, resulting in the hybrid materials HNA-Si-RE-PMAA (B) and HNA-Si-RE-PMAALM (C). Second, poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) was added to coordinate to the rare-earth ions by the carbonyl group in the complex HNA-Si-RE, to achieve the hybrid HNA-Si-RE-PVP (D). All of these hybrid materials exhibit homogeneous, regular, and ordered microstructures and morphologies, suggesting the occurrence of self-assembly of the inorganic network and organic chain. Measurements of the photoluminescent properties of these materials show that the ternary rare-earth/inorganic/organic polymeric hybrids present stronger luminescent intensities, longer lifetimes, and higher luminescent quantum efficiencies than the binary rare-earth/inorganic polymeric hybrids, indicating that the introduction of the organic polymer chain is a benefit for the luminescence of the overall hybrid system.

Photophysical properties of terbium molecular-based hybrids assembled with novel ureasil linkages.

Three silica-based organic-inorganic hybrid systems composed of hydroxyl aromatic derivatives (2-acetylphenol [HAP], 2-hydroxy-3-methylbenzoic acid [HMBA], 3-hydroxy-meta-phthalic acid [HMPHTH] complexes) were prepared via a sol-gel process. The active hydroxyl groups of the three ligands grafted by 3-(triethoxysilyl)-propyl isocyanate (TESPIC) through hydrogen transfer addition reaction were used as multi-functional bridge components, which can coordinate to Tb3+ with carbonyl groups, strongly absorb ultraviolet light and effectively transfer energy to Tb3+ through their triplet excited state, as well as undergo polymerization or crosslinking reactions with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), for anchoring terbium ions to silica backbone. NMR, FT-IR, UV-vis absorption, luminescence spectroscopy was used to investigate the obtained hybrid material. UV excitation in the organic component resulted in strong green emission from Tb3+ ions due to an efficient ligand-to-metal energy transfer mechanism.

Anticipation of migration and psychological stress and the Three Gorges Dam project, China.

Findings from a prospective study of project-induced migration in China's Three Gorges Dam project are reported. The study tests the hypotheses that anticipation of involuntary migration is stressful and that the harmful effects are partially mediated and moderated by the resources migrants possess. Using data collected from a sample of designated migrants (n=975) who will be forced to relocate because they live in an area, which will be flooded once the Three Gorges project is completed, and non-migrants (n=555) in the same region, our analysis indicates that anticipation of involuntary migration is a robust predictor of mental distress. Anticipation of forced migration elevates depression (CES-D) not only directly, but also indirectly by weakening the social and the psychological resources (i.e., social support and mastery), which safeguard the mental well-being of migrants. However, our results show much less support for the hypothesis that resources moderate harmful effects of forced migration.

Triple-functional core-shell structured upconversion luminescent nanoparticles covalently grafted with photosensitizer for luminescent, magnetic resonance imaging and photodynamic therapy in vitro.

Upconversion luminescent nanoparticles (UCNPs) have been widely used in many biochemical fields, due to their characteristic large anti-Stokes shifts, narrow emission bands, deep tissue penetration and minimal background interference. UCNPs-derived multifunctional materials that integrate the merits of UCNPs and other functional entities have also attracted extensive attention. Here in this paper we present a core-shell structured nanomaterial, namely, NaGdF(4):Yb,Er@CaF(2)@SiO(2)-PS, which is multifunctional in the fields of photodynamic therapy (PDT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fluorescence/luminescence imaging. The NaGdF(4):Yb,Er@CaF(2) nanophosphors (10 nm in diameter) were prepared via sequential thermolysis, and mesoporous silica was coated as shell layer, in which photosensitizer (PS, hematoporphyrin and silicon phthalocyanine dihydroxide) was covalently grafted. The silica shell improved the dispersibility of hydrophobic PS molecules in aqueous environments, and the covalent linkage stably anchored the PS molecules in the silica shell. Under excitation at 980 nm, the as-fabricated nanomaterial gave luminescence bands at 550 nm and 660 nm. One luminescent peak could be used for fluorescence imaging and the other was suitable for the absorption of PS to generate singlet oxygen for killing cancer cells. The PDT performance was investigated using a singlet oxygen indicator, and was investigated in vitro in HeLa cells using a fluorescent probe. Meanwhile, the nanomaterial displayed low dark cytotoxicity and near-infrared (NIR) image in HeLa cells. Further, benefiting from the paramagnetic Gd(3+) ions in the core, the nanomaterial could be used as a contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Compared with the clinical commercial contrast agent Gd-DTPA, the as-fabricated nanomaterial showed a comparable longitudinal relaxivities value (r(1)) and similar imaging effect.

Luminescent lanthanide (Eu3+, Tb3+) hybrids with 4-vinylbenzeneboronic acid functionalized Si-O bridges and beta-diketones.

4-Vinylphenylboronic acid ligand (VPBA) is functionalized with two crosslinking reagents (3-(triethoxysilyl)-propylisocyanate [TEPIC] and 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate [TMPMA]) to achieve the two special molecular bridge VPBA-TEPIC and VPBA-TMPMA. Meanwhile, beta-diketone ligands (2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone [TTA], acetyl acetone [ACAC]) as the second ligands play the role of the main energy donor, which absorb abundant energy in ultraviolet-visible extent and then transfer the energy to the corresponding lanthanide ions (Eu(3+), Tb(3+)) to sensitize their emission of them. Eight binary and ternary Eu(3+), Tb(3+) hybrids with VPBA-TEPIC (VPBA-TMPMA) and TTA (ACAC) have been constructed, whose photoluminescence properties are studied in depth and suggest that the ternary hybrids show the favorable characteristic luminescent properties (longer lifetime and higher quantum efficiency).

Photoactive binary and ternary lanthanide (Eu3+, Tb3+, Nd3+) hybrids with p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene derived Si-O linkages and polymers.

Through the reaction between the hydroxyl groups of p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene derivatives (Calix-Br, Calix-AC) and the isocyanate group of 3-(triethoxysilyl)-propyl isocyanate (TEPIC), two novel kinds of functional polysilsesquioxanes linkage precursors Calix-Br-Si and Calix-AC-Si have been synthesized. Then the binary and ternary hybrid materials are assembled with chemical bonds, which are composed of lanthanide ion centres (Eu(3+), Tb(3+), Nd(3+)), precursors Calix-Br-Si or Calix-AC-Si and the organic polymers [poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PVPD) or poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)]. The composition and physical properties of these hybrids are characterized, especially comparing the photoluminescent characters. It is found that the hybrids with modified p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene derivative units show better photoluminescent properties than pure original p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene units or lanthanide complexes. Besides, introduction of polymer chain is favorable for the thermal stability, regular microstructure and luminescence of hybrid systems. Among the europium hybrids, the hybrids containing the polymer PMMA possesses the longest lifetime and highest quantum efficiency.

Binary and ternary lanthanide centered hybrid polymeric materials: coordination bonding construction, characterization, microstructure and photoluminescence.

A functional molecular bridge (named as HBA-TEPIC) (HBA = 1,4-hydroxybenzoic acid, TEPIC = 3-(triethoxysilyl)-propyl-isocyanate) was achieved through the hydrogen transfer nucleophilic addition reaction. Firstly, the molecular precursors coordinate to lanthanide ions (Eu3+ and Tb3+) and then form the covalently bonded Si-O network to obtain the polymeric hybrid material (HBA-TEPIC-RE). Secondly, the synthesized polymers PMMA and PMAALM and commercial PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) were further introduced into the inorganic network to obtain hybrids with the organic chains and inorganic networks together (HBA-TEPIC-RE-PVP/PMAA/PMAALM). The regular microstructure indicates that a self-assembly system exists and both lanthanide ions and polymeric chains have an influence on the growth tendency of the hybrids. The results of the luminescent properties of the hybrids prove that the HBA-TEPIC-Eu-PVP hybrid represents the longest lifetime and highest quantum efficiency.