Influence in physicochemical, nutritional, and antioxidant properties by addition Moringa oleifera leaves in Avena sativa bread.

Moringa oleifera leaves have high nutrient valor, physicochemical, and nutraceutical properties and can be used as ingredients to develop wheat-free enrich. The aim was to evaluate nutritional, chemical, and nutraceutical characterization, antioxidant capacity, along physicochemical parameters to develop four oat bread using yeast (PL), xanthan gum (PG), and 2.5% (M2) or 5.0% (M5) of moringa leaves. Morinaga leaves were a source of 23.19% protein, 12.43% ash, and 30.36% dietary fiber. The bread formulations increased the protein content by 25-50%, and decreased lipid in 52.14% compared with commercial bread. For antioxidant capacity, PLM5 had the highest with values of 11.97 mMTE/g (DPPH), 16.06 mMTE/g (ABTS), and 16.38 mMTE/g (FRAP). In the bread with MOLP were identified Epicatechin, rutin, and dihydroxybenzoic acid by HPLC. The bread with a better texture profile was PLM2. The results suggested that moringa leaves used as an oat bread ingredient can enhance the nutritional and nutraceutical content.

Bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds present in Persea americana Mill. seed ingredient during oral-gastric digestion with antibacterial capacity against Helicobacter pylori.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: In ancient Mexican cultures, the Persea americana Mill seed has been used against gastrointestinal diseases, due to high concentrations of bioactive compounds. According to Traditional Mexican Medicine, P. americana seed aqueous infusion is used against roundworms, intestinal worms, parasites, and gastrointestinal problems, in a dose taken over three or four days. In addition, Mexican Society of Natural History indicates the traditional use of P. americana seed powder as an antiparasitic, and antibacterial. On the other hand, Helicobacter pylori infection is a factor associated with the development of gastric disease, peptic ulcers as well as some types of gastric lymphomas and gastric cancer in humans; in this way is necessary scientific evidence about P. americana seed effect in gastrointestinal disease. AIM OF THE STUDY: The work aimed to evaluate bioactive compounds bioaccessibility and antimicrobial potential against Helicobacter pylori during oral-gastric digestion in vitro of food ingredient from Persea americana Mill. seed and elucidate the possible action mechanism using in silico tools. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Initially, P. americana seed oil and aqueous extract of P. americana seed were obtained using ultrasound and maceration respectively, and the food ingredient from P. americana seed was obtained. The samples underwent oral-gastric digestions by the INFOGEST method, to continue identifying and quantifying the bioactive compounds by HPLC-DAD and GC-MS. The anti-Helicobacter pylori activity determination were used fourteen Helicobacter pylori clinical strains and reference strains by Susceptibility testing by Minimal Inhibition Concentration, Kinetics of Growth Inhibition of H. pylori, Urease Inhibitory Kinetic. Finally, to elucidate a possible action mechanism used in silico tools (Software AutoDock 4.2.6 and BioVia Discovery v.19.1.0.1.18287). RESULTS: The lipophilic fraction of P. americana seed detected oleic acid, linoleic acid, and avocadenofuran compounds, and the phenolic fraction showed the presence of catechin, rutin, ellagic, and chlorogenic acid, among others. Phenolic compounds conformational changes during oral-gastric digestion due to mechanical and acid hydrolysis, while lipophilic compounds showed a 20% increase in the gastric phase. Persea americana Mill. seed ingredient (3.08 µg/mL) showed total in vitro inhibition of clinical and reference strains of H. pylori, likewise, the lipophilic fraction had a lower inhibition concentration (2.59 µg/mL) regardless of the strains. Among the mechanisms found in silico, inhibition of target proteins such as CagA, BabA, and MUC5 were observed, as virulence factors involving adherence and bacterial pathogenicity. CONCLUSIONS: This research provides evidence that food ingredient from P. americana seed has antimicrobial in vitro potential against H. pylori clinical strains, through phenolic and mainly lipophilic compounds, opening new scientific evidence that supports the P. americana seed's traditional use.

Effects of repeated electroejaculations on kinematic sperm subpopulations and quality markers of Mexican creole goats.

Here we show the effects of repeated electroejaculation (EE) on mean values of motility, mitochondrial functionality, and expression of active caspases on goat sperm obtained by EE. Evaluations were done using CASA and flow cytometry. A strategy for identification of kinematic sperm subpopulations, when individual data of sperm are not provided by the CASA system, is provided. Fifty semen samples, five of each of ten adult creole goats, were obtained by electroejaculation. Mean values of total motility, progressive motility and flow cytometry evaluations were compared among EEs. Relationships among mean values of variables were investigated using Spearman correlation and principal component analysis (PCA). For identification of kinematic sperm subpopulations, PCA followed by hierarchical clustering was applied on data of the intervals provided automatically by the CASA system. Total motility does no change after repeated EE. Mean values of motility parameters and molecular markers were unrelated in multivariate space, but bivariate correlations were found. Values in upper and lower intervals defined clearly the sperm subpopulations, which had motility parameters changing over time. Taken together, our results show that repeated EE does not affect mean values of total motility, that molecular markers are not related with motility parameters, and that it is possible to identify kinematic sperm subpopulations when individual data, of motility parameters, are not provided by the CASA system.

Preproenkephalin mRNA levels are regulated by acute stress and estrogen stimulation.

Enkephalins facilitate female reproductive behavior. Within the limbic system and hypothalamus, estrogen induced the expression of preproenkephalin (PPE) mRNA. Estrogen injection caused a biphasic increase in the PPE mRNA levels within the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus and posterodorsal medial amygdala. The first peak of PPE mRNA levels occurred within an hour, and the second 24 to 48 h after subcutaneous injection of estrogen. The present studies indicated that the rapid first peak of PPE mRNA expression was stress induced, whereas the second peak was estrogen induced. In the posterodorsal medial amygdala but not in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, the antiestrogen, tamoxifen, did not inhibit the first peak, but blocked the second peak of PPE mRNA expression. Subcutaneous oil injection induced a 1-h peak of PPE mRNA levels but not a 24-h peak. Peak levels of plasma corticosterone were coincident with peak PPE mRNA levels. Adrenalectomy plus a constant, low level of corticosterone eliminated the injection-induced increase of corticosterone levels and the subsequent increase in PPE mRNA expression in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus and posterodorsal medial amygdala. The present results indicate that both stress steroids and estrogen positively regulate PPE mRNA levels in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus and posterodorsal medial amygdala. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that acute, mild stress may contribute to the activation of circuits that facilitate reproductive behavior in the female.

Influence of thermal treatments on the response decay of glass radiation detectors.

Commercial transparent glass has received attention in relation to its use as a gamma radiation detector. This kind of material presents a strong post-irradiation thermal decay at room temperature, which is a problem for high dose dosimetry purposes. This effect may be avoided by taking measurements always at the same time after irradiation of the glass samples. However, in this work effort has been given to this material characteristic, submitting the glass samples to different thermal treatments. The best results were obtained with a post-irradiation treatment at 130 degrees C during 10 min. This procedure seems to destroy the unstable entities responsible for the initial strong decay of the sample response, showing acceptable stability as a function of room temperature storage time.

Vertical dimension. Part 1: comparison of clinical freeway space.

This study was conducted in order to compare the clinical freeway space measurements using three simple methods commonly used by dentists in their practices. The study was performed in 15 young healthy subjects with natural dentition and bilateral molar support. Artificial landmarks (adhesive tape) were placed on the more prominent parts of the nose and chin of each subject. Vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO) was measured in the intercuspal position. Postural vertical dimension (PVD) was measured in the following functional conditions: after swallowing saliva, after pronouncing the word "Mississippi", and in a relaxed postural mandibular position (RPMP). Then, the clinical freeway space value in each functional condition was obtained by subtracting VDO from PVD value. Significant differences among clinical freeway space values using three different methods were observed (ANOVA). A significantly higher clinical freeway space value was found using phonetics method than after swallowing and with the mandible in a relaxed postural position (Bonferroni multiple comparison test). No significant differences between swallowing and relaxed methods were found. These results seem to suggest that the measures of clinical freeway space depend upon the method used.

Current good manufacturing practice production of an oncolytic recombinant vesicular stomatitis viral vector for cancer treatment.

Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is an oncolytic virus currently being investigated as a promising tool to treat cancer because of its ability to selectively replicate in cancer cells. To enhance the oncolytic property of the nonpathologic laboratory strain of VSV, we generated a recombinant vector [rVSV(MΔ51)-M3] expressing murine gammaherpesvirus M3, a secreted viral chemokine-binding protein that binds to a broad range of mammalian chemokines with high affinity. As previously reported, when rVSV(MΔ51)-M3 was used in an orthotopic model of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in rats, it suppressed inflammatory cell migration to the virus-infected tumor site, which allowed for enhanced intratumoral virus replication leading to increased tumor necrosis and substantially prolonged survival. These encouraging results led to the development of this vector for clinical translation in patients with HCC. However, a scalable current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP)-compliant manufacturing process has not been described for this vector. To produce the quantities of high-titer virus required for clinical trials, a process that is amenable to GMP manufacturing and scale-up was developed. We describe here a large-scale (50-liter) vector production process capable of achieving crude titers on the order of 10(9) plaque-forming units (PFU)/ml under cGMP. This process was used to generate a master virus seed stock and a clinical lot of the clinical trial agent under cGMP with an infectious viral titer of approximately 2 × 10(10) PFU/ml (total yield, 1 × 10(13) PFU). The lot has passed all U.S. Food and Drug Administration-mandated release testing and will be used in a phase 1 clinical translational trial in patients with advanced HCC.

[Changes in the social networks of older adults who are beneficiaries of public housing projects in Chile]. / Cambio en las redes sociales de adultos mayores beneficiarios de programas de vivienda social en Chile.

OBJECTIVES: To identify, compare, and analyze the social networks of two groups of poor, older adults in two types of public housing projects in Chile, in terms of the types of relationships and the frequency and purpose of their interactions, before and after moving to their new homes. METHODS: A descriptive study was conducted of public housing beneficiaries in apartment buildings versus condominiums. The study pool was the group of people assigned to housing in buildings (n = 152) and condominiums (n = 124) from 1998 to 2001. A questionnaire was administered in their homes. RESULTS: Most study participants indicated that the move to public housing meant leaving their old neighborhood for a new one, a change that, among other consequences, produced changes in their social networks. In general, both groups have similar social networks, with their children being the strongest source of support, both before and after the move. After the move, social interaction generally decreased, except among the adults living in apartment buildings, for whom it increased slightly with family members, and in a superficial manner, with others who had weak connections and were neither friends nor family. Interactions with establishments also decreased, although interactions with senior services increased for the condo residents from 28% to 65% and for apartment residents from 31% to 45%. CONCLUSIONS: It is recommended that similar programs strive to preserve and strengthen the social networks in place prior to moving and encourage the formation of relationships in the new residences.

[Quality of life of elderly subjects living in basic social dwellings]. / Calidad de vida de adultos mayores pobres de viviendas básicas: Estudio comparativo mediante uso de WHOQoL-BREF.

BACKGROUND: In Chile, the government is providing basic dwellings to poor elderly subjects that do not have a place to live. These dwellings may be located in buildings or in codominiums. AIM: To assess the quality of life perception of elderly subjects whose dwellings are located in buildings or in condominiums. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The brief version of the quality of life questionnaire designed for the elderly by the World Health Organization (WHOQoL-BREF) was applied to elderly subjects of seven poor communities of Metropolitan Santiago, that lived in basic dwellings located in buildings or condominiums. The questionnaire includes questions about physical, psychological, social relations and environment domains. RESULTS: The questionnaire was answered by 124 elderly subjects aged 60 to 90 years, living in condominiums and 152 subjects aged 62 to 94 years, living in buildings. Satisfaction was of moderate or high level for physical, psychological and social relations domains. Those living in condominiums had a better satisfaction level in this last domain. The level of satisfaction of the environment domain was moderate and better for those living in condominiums. The perception of quality of life deteriorated along with age. CONCLUSIONS: Elderly subjects living in basic dwellings located in condominiums have a better quality of life perception than those living in buildings.

Cardia allograft unresponsiveness using a posttransplant strategy : characterization of the graft infiltrate.

We evaluated a combined posttransplant strategy using antilymphocyte serum (ALS) at time of engraftment followed by low dose total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) and donor bone marrow cell (BMC) inoculation administered either intrathymically (IT) or intravenously (IV) in the vigorously rejecting strain combination DA into Lew recipients. Allograft survival was significantly prolonged with administration of ALS in combination with TLI and IT (105 +/- 28.6 days) or IV (106.8 +/- 28.6 days) BMC compared to administration of ALS combined with either TLI (17.8 +/- 0.4 days) or BMC (9.0 +/- 0.0 days), or TLI combined with BMC (1 1.5 +/- 0.5 days) (P < 0.000 1, experimental vs control animals). There was no difference in survival between those animals who underwent IT or IV BMC inoculation. Third-party (WF) BMC inoculation did not significantly prolong allograft survival (10.0 +/- 1.0 days). A mild to moderate cellular infiltrate was present in allograft tissue after 100 days. To further characterize these cells, cytokine mRNA expression in allograft tissue (> 100 days posttransplant) was evaluated using nonisotopic in situ hybridization. A similar cytokine profile was demonstrated in allograft tissue compared to naive and isograft tissue, except for a slight increase in IL-2 (P < 0.02, control vs IV BMC; P = NS, other groups). In summary, unresponsiveness was induced in a high-responder strain combination using a combined posttransplant strategy of ALS, TLI, and donor antigen either IT or IV. The cytokine profile of the graft infiltrating cells was similar to that of normal tissue. Unresponsiveness may be the result of functional inactivation of these cells.

Calidad de vida de adultos mayores pobres de viviendas básicas: Estudio comparativo mediante uso de WHOQoL-BREF / Quality of life of elderly subjects living in basic social dwellings

Background: In Chile, the government is providing basic dwellings to poor elderly subjects that do not have a place to live. These dwellings may be located in buildings or in codominiums. Aim: To assess the quality of life perception of elderly subjects whose dwellings are located in buildings or in condominiums. Material and methods: The brief version of the quality of life questionnaire designed for the elderly by the World Health Organization (WHOQoL-BREF) was applied to elderly subjects of seven poor communities of Metropolitan Santiago, that lived in basic dwellings located in buildings or condominiums. The questionnaire includes questions about physical, psychological, social relations and environment domains. Results: The questionnaire was answered by 124 elderly subjects aged 60 to 90 years, living in condominiums and 152 subjects aged 62 to 94 years, living in buildings. Satisfaction was of moderate or high level for physical, psychological and social relations domains. Those living in condominiums had a better satisfaction level in this last domain. The level of satisfaction of the environment domain was moderate and better for those living in condominiums. The perception of quality of life deteriorated along with age. Conclusions: Elderly subjects living in basic dwellings located in condominiums have a better quality of life perception than those living in buildings.

Cambio en las redes sociales de adultos mayores beneficiarios de programas de vivienda social en Chile / Changes in the social networks of older adults who are beneficiaries of public housing projects in Chile

OBJETIVOS: Identificar, comparar y analizar las redes sociales de dos grupos de adultos mayores pobres, beneficiarios de dos tipos de viviendas sociales, en términos de tipos de nodos, frecuencia y motivo del vínculo, antes y después del traslado a sus nuevos domicilios. MÉTODO: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de beneficiarios de viviendas en edificio, o bien de viviendas en condominios. El universo en estudio fue el colectivo de personas asignatarias a viviendas en edificio (n = 152) y a viviendas en condominio (n = 124), entre 1998 y 2001, a las cuales se les aplicó una encuesta en su domicilio. RESULTADOS: La mayoría de los participantes en el estudio informaron que la asignación de la vivienda implicó para ellos mudarse a barrios distantes de su antiguo domicilio, lo que provocó, entre otras consecuencias, un cambio en sus redes sociales. Ambos grupos tienen, en general, redes sociales similares, constituyendo los hijos el principal nodo de apoyo, antes y después del cambio de domicilio. Después del traslado se redujeron los vínculos en general, excepto en el caso de los adultos de vivienda en edificio, quienes incrementaron levemente sus vínculos con los hijos y en forma destacada con personas con quienes tienen vínculos débiles y que no son propiamente familiares ni amigos. Los vínculos con las instituciones también disminuyeron, aunque en el caso de las instituciones de adultos mayores aumentaron, para los residentes en condominios de 28 por ciento a 65 por ciento, y para los asignatarios de edificios, de 31 por ciento a 45 por ciento. CONCLUSIONES: Se sugiere que en los programas semejantes al estudiado se tome en cuenta la importancia que revisten la conservación y el fortalecimiento de las redes sociales creadas antes del traslado, y que se fomente la generación de vínculos en el nuevo sitio de residencia.

OBJECTIVES: To identify, compare, and analyze the social networks of two groups of poor, older adults in two types of public housing projects in Chile, in terms of the types of relationships and the frequency and purpose of their interactions, before and after moving to their new homes. METHODS: A descriptive study was conducted of public housing beneficiaries in apartment buildings versus condominiums. The study pool was the group of people assigned to housing in buildings (n = 152) and condominiums (n = 124) from 1998 to 2001. A questionnaire was administered in their homes. RESULTS: Most study participants indicated that the move to public housing meant leaving their old neighborhood for a new one, a change that, among other consequences, produced changes in their social networks. In general, both groups have similar social networks, with their children being the strongest source of support, both before and after the move. After the move, social interaction generally decreased, except among the adults living in apartment buildings, for whom it increased slightly with family members, and in a superficial manner, with others who had weak connections and were neither friends nor family. Interactions with establishments also decreased, although interactions with senior services increased for the condo residents from 28 percent to 65 percent and for apartment residents from 31 percent to 45 percent. CONCLUSIONS: It is recommended that similar programs strive to preserve and strengthen the social networks in place prior to moving and encourage the formation of relationships in the new residences.

Necesidades de salud desde la perpectiva de los usuarios / Health needs from a clientïs perspective

Background: The perception of the population about their needs must be considered in health care planning. Aim: To describe health care needs from the perspective of potential clients of public health services. Material and methods: An enquiry to a representative sample of 202 dwellings, ascribed to a Family Health Service, was done. Subjects were asked about the health problems in their family and neighborhood. Twelve families from this sample were randomly chosen and interviewed about their health conception, needs and demands. Results: The mean age of subjects, per dwelling, was 31 years. Fifty percent were nuclear families and 6 percent were mono parental. Perceived problems were economical in 60 percent and health related in 12 percent. Eighty percent of health problems were related to addictions and violence. Interviewed subjects associated health with lack of services, with their experience with illness and pain and with a risk of social isolation and incommunication. Health care demands were referred to a better medical care. People declared needs in environmental hygiene, physical and mental health self care, food and jobs. Conclusions: Using this information, simple strategies could be implemented to cope with health care demands of the population

Asistencia a padres de embarazos con recién nacidos con problemas vitales / Attendance to parents of new born with vital problems

El Consultorio de Asistencia Perinatal atiende a padres de embarazos con fetos en riesgo vital, malformados complejos y nacidos con problemas graves que impliquen impacto familiar, basados en la hipótesis de que la atención de los padres incide en el bienestar del feto y del recién nacido. Se ha construido un protocolo multiprofesional con participación de pediatra, psicóloga, matronas, obstetra y servicio social que sigue el caso con reuniones grupales y de especialidad desde antes del parto hasta después del desenlace, cualquiera sea éste. Este trabajo a permitido conocer, asistir e investigar sobre la realidad de estos padres que requieren de apoyo especializado para sobrellevar los sentimientos de duelo, temor y culpa que se desarrollan en estas situaciones, derivar a otros tratamientos psiquiátricos cuando es necesario y preparar a los padres ante la eventualidad de nuevos embarazos.

Incontinencia pigmenti: sindrome de Blach-Sulzberger; primer caso en Panamá / Incontinentia pigmenti: Sulzberger-Bloch syndrome; first case in Panamá

La Incontinencia Pigmenti o síndrome de Bloch-Sulzberger es una rara genodermatosis que tiene importancia para el pediatra, neurólogo, dermatólogo y genetista. Los autores presentan el primer caso reportado en la República de Panamá y contribuyen con uno más a la casuística mundial por la poca frecuencia de dicha enfermedad