Risk Factors Associated With Complications After Unilateral Immediate Breast Reconstruction: A French Prospective Multicenter Study.

BACKGROUND/AIM: For women who have undergone a mastectomy, breast reconstruction provides psychological as well as aesthetic benefits. Thus, many patients ask for an immediate breast reconstruction (IBR). The present study focuses on risk factors assiociated with complications after IBR. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A national prospective study (2007-2009) was conducted on 404 patients who underwent an unilateral IBR: 205 implants alone (IA) including 46 tissue expanders, 91 latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flaps with implant (LDI), 78 autologous latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flaps (LD), and 30 autologous transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flaps (TRAM). Outcomes concerned major and minor complications, as well as early and late complications. RESULTS: Related risks of complications were different according to the IBR technique. Major complications rate remained moderate and concerned 15% of patients. Obesity and diabetes significantly increased the incidence of major complications. CONCLUSION: To reduce complication rate, the risk factors associated with each type of IBR should be taken into account.

Preoperative Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Women With Local Ductal Carcinoma in Situ to Optimize Surgical Outcomes: Results From the Randomized Phase III Trial IRCIS.

PURPOSE: We evaluated the addition of breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to standard radiologic evaluation on the re-intervention rate in women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) undergoing breast-conserving surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Women with biopsy-proven DCIS corresponding to a unifocal microcalcification cluster or a mass less than 30 mm were randomly assigned to undergo MRI or standard evaluation. The primary end point was the re-intervention rate for positive or close margins (< 2 mm) in the 6 months after randomization ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01112254). RESULTS: A total of 360 patients from 10 hospitals in France were included in the study. Of the 352 analyzable patients, 178 were randomly assigned to the MRI arm, and 174 were assigned to the control arm. In the intent-to-treat analysis, 82 of 345 patients with the assessable end point were reoperated for positive or close margins within 6 months, resulting in a re-intervention rate of 20% (35 of 173) in the MRI arm and 27% (47 of 172) in the control arm. The absolute difference of 7% (95% CI, -2% to 16%) corresponded to a relative reduction of 26% (stratified odds ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.41 to 1.1; P = .13). When considering only the per-protocol population with an assessable end point, the difference was 9% (stratified odds ratio, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.35 to 1.0; P = .05). Total mastectomy rates were 18% (31 of 176) in the MRI arm and 17% (30 of 173) in the control arm (stratified P = .93). For 100 lesions seen on MRI, nonmass-like enhancement was more predominant (82%) than mass enhancement (20%). Nevertheless, no specific morphologic and kinetic parameters for DCIS were identified. CONCLUSION: The study did not show sufficient surgical improvement with the use of preoperative MRI to be clinically relevant in DCIS staging. However, this could be reconsidered with the improvement of new MRI sequences and new modalities in magnetic resonance techniques.

Value of MRI in the surgical planning of invasive lobular breast carcinoma: a prospective and a retrospective study of 57 cases: comparison with physical examination, conventional imaging, and histology.

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to determine the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the surgical planning of invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC)-a diagnostic challenge for radiologists. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-seven patients with histologically proven ILC were studied between 1998 and 2006. All patients underwent physical examination, mammography, ultrasound, and MRI. All anomalies detected were graded using the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) classification, and careful research was made for the presence of multifocal/multicentric disease. RESULTS: On MRI, 72% of images were visualized as masses and 18% corresponded to non-mass-like enhancements. The size correlations, compared with histological findings, were .88 (MRI; P<.001), .57 (ultrasound), .53 (physical examination), and .40 (mammography). The kappa correlations for multifocality were .87 (MRI), .22 (ultrasound), and .22 (mammography). MRI had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 87%. Forty-nine percent of therapeutic strategy cases were modified. CONCLUSION: MRI is unquestionably valuable for the management of ILC. It provides the most accurate estimate of tumor size and is highly sensitive for multifocal disease. Its main drawback is its lack of specificity, which requires preoperative histological verification. MRI often justifies the modification of the initial therapeutic strategy, generally ruling out conservative procedures.

Accelerated partial breast irradiation in the elderly: 5-year results of high-dose rate multi-catheter brachytherapy.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical outcome after accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) in the elderly after high-dose-rate interstitial multi-catheter brachytherapy (HIBT). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 2005 and 2013, 70 patients underwent APBI using HIBT. Catheter implant was performed intra or post-operatively (referred patients) after lumpectomy and axillary sentinel lymph node dissection. Once the pathological results confirmed the indication of APBI, planification CT-scan was performed to deliver 34 Gy/10f/5d or 32 Gy/8f/4d. Dose-volume adaptation was manually achieved (graphical optimization). Dosimetric results and clinical outcome were retrospectively analyzed. Physician cosmetic evaluation was reported. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 60.9 months [4.6 - 90.1], median age was 80.7 years [62 - 93.1]. Regarding APBI ASTRO criteria, 61.4%, 18.6% and 20% were classified as suitable, cautionary and non-suitable respectively. Axillary sentinel lymph node dissection was performed in 94.3%; 8 pts (11.5%) presented an axillary involvement. A median dose of 34 Gy [32 - 35] in 8 to 10 fractions was delivered. Median CTV was 75.2 cc [16.9 - 210], median D90 EQD2 was 43.3 Gy [35 - 72.6] and median DHI was 0.54 [0.19 - 0.74]. One patient experienced ipsilateral recurrence (5-year local free recurrence rate: 97.6%. Five-year specific and overall survival rates were 97.9% and 93.2% respectively. Thirty-four patients (48%) presented 47 late complications classified grade 1 (80.8%) and grade 2 (19.2%) with no grade ≥ 3. Cosmetic results were considered excellent/good for 67 pts (95.7%). CONCLUSION: APBI using HIBT and respecting strict rules of implantation and planification, represents a smart alternative between no post-operative irradiation and whole breast irradiation delivered over 6 consecutive weeks.

Autologous fat grafting and breast cancer recurrences: retrospective analysis of a series of 100 procedures in 64 patients.

Autologous fat transfer (AFT) enhances the cosmetic results of breast reconstruction and corrects breast conserving operation sequelae. The question of its oncological safety remains, as in-vitro experiences have shown that adipocytes can stimulate cancer cell proliferation. This study analysed the records of patients who had AFT after breast cancer from 2004-2009. The primary end-point was cancer recurrence. The secondary end-points were AFT complications and post-AFT mammogram modifications. Sixty-four patients (100 AFT) were included. The mean follow-up for AFT was 46.44 months (SD = 21.4). Two breast cancer recurrences were recorded (3.1%). Among 55 mammograms analysed, only one patient presented radiological abnormalities. One complication of AFT (donor-site infection) was recorded. This series is in favour of the oncological safety of AFT after breast cancer. An accurate evaluation of the recurrence risk, before performing AFT, is an essential prerequisite and must lead one to postpone or avoid this procedure in high-risk patients.

Second conservative treatment for ipsilateral breast cancer recurrence using high-dose rate interstitial brachytherapy: preliminary clinical results and evaluation of patient satisfaction.

PURPOSE: To assess early clinical results and evaluate patient satisfaction in case of second conservative treatment (2nd CT) combining lumpectomy plus high-dose rate (HDR) interstitial brachytherapy for patients (pts) presenting with ipsilateral breast cancer recurrence (IBCR). METHODS AND MATERIALS: From June 2005 to July 2009, 42 pts presenting with an IBCR underwent a second lumpectomy with intraoperative implantation of plastic tubes in the tumor bed. After performing the dose distribution analysis on the postimplant CT scan, a total dose of 34 Gy in 10 fractions over 5 consecutive days was delivered. Toxicity evaluation was based on the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v3.0 criteria. Applying a visual analogic scale (VAS) analysis, patient satisfaction regarding cosmetic result and 2nd CT possibility was performed after the end of brachytherapy. RESULTS: Median followup was 21 months (range, 6-50 months) and median age at the time of local recurrence was 65 years (range, 30-85 years). Median delay between primary and recurrence was 11 years (range, 1-35 years). Median recurrence tumor size was 12 mm (range, 2-30 mm). Median number of plastic tubes and planes were nine (range, 5-12) and two (range, 1-3), respectively. Median clinical target volume was 68 cc (range, 31.2-146 cc). Second local control rate was 97%. Twenty-two pts (60%) developed complications. Cutaneous and subcutaneous fibrosis was the most frequent side effect. Median VAS satisfaction score regarding cosmetic result was 7 of 10 (range, 4-9), whereas median VAS satisfaction score for 2nd CT was 10 of 10 (range, 8-10). CONCLUSION: A 2nd CT for IBCR using high-dose rate brachytherapy seems feasible with encouraging results in terms of second local control with an acceptable toxicity. Patient satisfaction regarding the possibility of second breast preservation should be considered.