The in vitro and in vivo antioxidant properties of Cyperus esculentus oil from Xinjiang, China.

BACKGROUND: Cyperus esculentus oil is also known as the new health care oil. This study aimed to analyse the fatty acid profile and content of C. esculentus oil by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and to assess the antioxidant activity of C. esculentus oil. These properties were evaluated based on the reducing power, hydroxyl radical and diphenyl picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging, and a combination of in vitro and in vivo antioxidant experiments. RESULTS: Composition analyses showed that C. esculentus oil contained more than 800 g kg(-1) unsaturated fatty acid, of which oleic acid accounted for 691.4 g kg(-1), linoleic acid accounted for 107.0 g kg(-1) and palmitic acid accounted for 158.0 g kg(-1). In vitro results showed that the total antioxidant activity and the scavenging capacity of hydroxyl radicals and diphenyl picryl hydrazyl radicals increased with increasing concentration. The in vitro antioxidant ability increased as the concentration of C. esculentus oil, with 15 mL kg(-1) BW day(-1) being established as the optimal dose. CONCLUSION: Taken together, the results of this study clearly indicate that C. esculentus oil has good antioxidant properties.

Genomic differences between Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1 and 3 and the diversity distribution among 15 serotypes.

The limited information on the genetic differences among the 15 currently known serotypes of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae has significantly hampered the development of typing-based diagnostic methods and multivalent vaccines. In this study, we compared the genomic differences between A. pleuropneumoniae strains CVCC259 (serotype 1) and CVCC261 (serotype 3) by representational difference analysis. Of the eight differential DNA sequences in the CVCC259 strain and 11 differential DNA sequences in the CVCC261 strain that we identified, seven represent known virulent genes, 10 encode putative proteins, and two encode hypothetical proteins. We also investigated the distribution of these 19 sequences among the 15 serotypes, and each serotype showed a different distribution pattern. The autotransporter adhesin occurred as a novel putative virulence factor in serotypes 1, 5, 7, 8, 9, and 11. Notably, the presence of wzm and wzt in serotypes 1, 9, and 11 and the diverse distribution of wzz and wzy in the other serotypes suggest the presence of different O-antigen biosynthesis pathways among serotypes. The information on the differential distribution of these DNA sequences in the 15 serotypes of A. pleuropneumoniae may contribute to future research on the pathogenic mechanisms of different serotypes, typing-based diagnosis methods, and multivalent vaccines.