Accidentally lodged airgun pellet in maxilla during childhood play retrieved surgically after a decade.

Non-powder firearm-related injuries to the head and neck carry the potential risk of significant morbidity and mortality. Such penetrating injuries tend to be under-reported and trivialised especially in children. Air gun pellet injury may cause damage to both soft tissue and bone. Some metals, when embedded in body tissue, can evoke a foreign body reaction or release toxins over time. It therefore becomes imperative to retrieve these pellets. We present one such case of accidental lodgement of airgun pellet in the right maxilla of a 12-year-old boy during childhood play with an airgun which went unnoticed at that time and was surgically retrieved after a decade. The patient had not suffered from any neurosensory deficit.

Non-syndromic double upper lip with triple frena: cosmetic cheiloplasty.

Double lip or macrocheilitis is a rare facial anomaly, mostly congenital in origin. It commonly involves the upper lip than the lower lip. It may occur in isolation or as part of the Ascher's syndrome. It results due to deposition of excessive areolar tissue and non-inflammatory hyperplasia of labial mucosa gland of pars villosa. It may be acquired as a result of injury to the lips or lip-biting habit. The double lip becomes conspicuous when the lips are retracted during smiling resulting in the characteristic 'cupid's bow' appearance. This disfigurement can pose aesthetic and functional problems and may result in psychological distress. A surgical intervention is must for restoration of functions and to address the aesthetic concerns. The present article reports a case of non-syndromic double upper lip with triple labial frena and its surgical management with laser on one side and with scalpel on the other side.

Classic Eagle's Syndrome: Styloidectomy via the Transcervical Approach.

Eagle's syndrome was first described by Watt Eagle in 1937, as a syndrome of vague orofacial and cervical pain. He reported two variants, classic styloid and stylocarotid artery syndrome. Eagle's syndrome is a non-perceived and underdiagnosed clinical condition of the head and neck. This anomalous entity presents with neck pain, globus sensation, difficulty in turning the head, dysphagia, odynophagia and various other symptoms occurring as a result of irritation to the nearby structures. The surgical management of Eagle's syndrome consists of two major approaches: the transoral and the transcervical approaches. We report a case of classic bilateral elongated styloid process syndrome, treated with transcervical styloidectomy for painful left elongated styloid process. This gave permanent relief to the patient. The transcervical surgical approach for resection of elongated styloid process in patients with Eagle's syndrome appears to be safe and effective, although the risk for transient marginal mandibular nerve weakness is notable.

Physical and Psychological Symptoms Associated With Premenstrual Syndrome and Their Impact on the Daily Routine of Women in a Low Socioeconomic Status Locality.

Introduction The constellation of the physical and psychological symptoms that appear several days before menstrual period is regarded as the premenstrual syndrome (PMS). The current study evaluated the symptoms associated with PMS and their impact on the day-to-day activities of women. Methodology An observational cross-sectional study was conducted at a squatter settlement in Karachi, Pakistan, from January 2019 to February 2020. Amenorrheic, pregnant women, and women who were on birth control at the time of data collection were excluded from the study. The demographics, symptoms of PMS experienced by the participants, and the impact of PMS symptoms on the daily lives of women were recorded. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences v.25 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY) was used for data analysis.  Results The mean age ± standard deviation of 23.93 years ± 9.41 years was recorded. As many as 213 (63%) women reported dysmenorrhea, followed by fatigue in 108 (32%), bloating in 64 (18.9%), and back pain in 45 (13.3%) women. Irritability and anxiety were experienced by 134 (39.6%) and 117 (34.6%) women, respectively. When asked about their attitude and perception towards menstruation, more than four-fifth respondents confessed that they feel impure when they are experiencing their monthly period. About 38 women (11.2%) believed that menstruation is God's way of punishing the womankind. For the question, "Do you feel that your normal routine is significantly disturbed during your period?", 40% responded in affirmation. Conclusion The findings of the current study reflected a generally negative attitude towards menstruation, which significantly affected the routine lives of women in our setting. The study further concluded that dysmenorrhea, fatigue, irritability, and anxiety were the most common symptoms of PMS experienced by women.