RESUMO
The morphological study of the ophthalmic mucosa of guinea pigs immunized locally with different dysentery vaccines has demonstrated the advantages of live dysentery vaccine prepared from Shigella sonnei 6S over heated vaccine and Shigella antigen extracts. The protective properties of dysentery vaccines, their capacity for protecting the mucous membrane from the penetration and intracellular multiplication of shigellae correlates with the degree of the manifestation of vaccine-induced plasmatocellular reaction in the epithelial and subepithelial zones. The importance of the virulence of the strains used for the preparation of vaccines, as well as the method of their preparation, for the immunogenic potency of vaccines is shown.
Assuntos
Vacinas Bacterianas/imunologia , Shigella sonnei/imunologia , Animais , Vacinas Bacterianas/isolamento & purificação , Túnica Conjuntiva/imunologia , Túnica Conjuntiva/patologia , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Disenteria Bacilar/imunologia , Disenteria Bacilar/patologia , Disenteria Bacilar/prevenção & controle , Cobaias , Imunidade , Imunização/métodos , Mucosa/imunologia , Mucosa/patologia , Shigella sonnei/patogenicidade , Fatores de Tempo , Vacinas Atenuadas/imunologia , Vacinas Atenuadas/isolamento & purificação , VirulênciaRESUMO
The effectiveness of the oral immunization of rabbits was manifested by a decrease in the number of virulent Shigella penetrating enterocytes, by the limited proliferation of bacteria in the epithelium and by the less pronounced ulcerous inflammation of the mucous membrane in the intestinal loops even after infection with large doses (10(9) bacteria). In electron microscopy this was manifested by the destruction of Shigella cells in heterophagosomes formed in enterocytes. The degree of fluid accumulation in the injected intestinal loops of immunized animals did not correlate either with the manifest morphological changes, or with the level of serum antibodies. The effectiveness of immunization was more pronounced after the introduction of smaller doses of virulent Shigella (10(7)-10(8) bacteria), when even Boivin's vaccine, though less effective, led to a decrease in the number of Shigella cells penetrating enterocytes, prevented their proliferation in the epithelium, its destruction and the development of inflammation.
Assuntos
Vacinas Bacterianas/administração & dosagem , Disenteria Bacilar/prevenção & controle , Vacinação , Administração Oral , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Disenteria Bacilar/microbiologia , Disenteria Bacilar/patologia , Mucosa Intestinal/microbiologia , Mucosa Intestinal/patologia , Coelhos , Shigella flexneri , Shigella sonneiRESUMO
Ten days after oral immunization of 3 groups of rabbits with live vaccine prepared from the mixture of streptomycin-dependent mutants of Sh. flexneri 2a and Sh. sonnei, with Sh. flexneri and Sh. sonnei tryptic lysate, or with Boivin's extract of 6 Sh. flexneri and Sh. sonnei serotypes, a pronounced activation of the secretory and lysosomal apparatus was observed in ileac enterocytes. Deteriorating bacteria or their antigenic material was observed in ileac enterocytes. Deteriorating bacteria of their antigenic material was detected in phagolysosomas. An increased number of interepithelial lymphocytes, and mucous membrane lymphocytes (plasmoblasts and plasmocytes) was observed. The surface of the contact of lymphocytic cell membranes with enterocytes was also increased. It is suggested that special enterocytes with high pinocytic activity play an important role in the uptake and transport of antigenic material. The importance of the fact, previously unknown, that attenuated Shigella organisms are destroyed in enterocytic phagolysosomas is emphasized.
Assuntos
Vacinas Bacterianas/administração & dosagem , Disenteria Bacilar/prevenção & controle , Mucosa Intestinal/imunologia , Vacinação , Vacinas Atenuadas/administração & dosagem , Administração Oral , Animais , Células Produtoras de Anticorpos , Mucosa Intestinal/anatomia & histologia , Mucosa Intestinal/citologia , Coelhos , Shigella flexneri/imunologia , Shigella sonnei/imunologia , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
The immunity induced in rabbits by oral immunization with Boivin Shigella polyantigen results in activation of enterocytes: hypertrophy and dilatation of the Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum, increase in the number of sizes of primary and secondary lysosomes. Resistance of the immune enterocytes to Shigella is manifested in a decreased number of bacteria able to penetrate the cytoplasm, the absence of lysis of heterophagosome membrane surrounding the organisms, and the lack of fusion of the heterophagosomes with primary and secondary lysosomes. The bacteria are even destroyed in the immune enterocyte phagolysosomes. At the same time after the challenge of the rabbit gut loops with 10(9) Shigella some bacteria overcome the immunity, lyse the heterophagosome membranes and multiply directly in the enterocyte cytoplasm, as occurs in nonimmune control rabbits. As a result, ulcerative inflammation develops as in the controls, sometimes even accompanied by hypersensitivity reaction. Fluid accumulation in rabbit gut loops challenged seems to be associated with the effect of Shigella enterotoxin(s), both cytotoxic and cytotonic, as suggested by the peculiar manifestations of enterocyte hypersecretion and damage.
Assuntos
Intestino Delgado/imunologia , Shigella flexneri/patogenicidade , Shigella sonnei/patogenicidade , Animais , Antígenos de Bactérias/administração & dosagem , Disenteria Bacilar/imunologia , Disenteria Bacilar/patologia , Epitélio/imunologia , Epitélio/patologia , Imunidade , Imunização , Intestino Delgado/patologia , Coelhos , Shigella flexneri/imunologia , Shigella sonnei/imunologia , VirulênciaRESUMO
Virulent Sh. flexneri strain 2a, Sh. sonnei strain, attenuated Sh. flexneri vaccine strain 2a 516M, and Sh. sonnei vaccine strain 6S (isolated by Yu. A. Belaya), as well as streptomycin-dependent Sh. flexneri strain 2a 1605/3 (isolated by V. V. Sergeev) were introduced into the ligated loops of the rabbit ileum. The use of light and immunofluorescent microscopy, the measurement of the volume of the fluid in the intestinal loops and the quantitative inoculation of their contents resulted in revealing the differences in the properties of the virulent and vaccine strains. The vaccine strains, in contrast to the virulent strains, did not proliferate in the lumen and did not cause the accumulation of fluid in the intestinal loops. They retained sharply limited, especially in the streptomycin-dependent bacteria, ability to penetrate into enterocytes and, via their cytoplasm, into the basement membrane, but lost their ability to proliferate in the cytoplasm of enterocytes (and probably even deteriorated there) and to cause plurulent ulcerous inflammation. This indicates that vaccine strains have insignificant residual virulence and suggests that the intestinal loop models, together with other models, may be used for testing the safety of vaccines prepared from Shigella strains.
Assuntos
Vacinas Bacterianas/imunologia , Disenteria Bacilar/prevenção & controle , Intestinos/imunologia , Shigella flexneri/imunologia , Shigella sonnei/imunologia , Animais , Vacinas Bacterianas/administração & dosagem , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Técnicas In Vitro , Intestinos/microbiologia , Coelhos , Segurança , Shigella flexneri/patogenicidade , Shigella sonnei/patogenicidade , Fatores de Tempo , Vacinas Atenuadas/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Atenuadas/imunologia , VirulênciaRESUMO
Enzyme immunoassay of the titer of antituberculosis antibodies (ATAb) from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis has indicated that their levels depend on the different characteristics of a specific process: the form of active tuberculosis, the extent of changes in the lung tissue, the presence of destruction and bacterial isolation, the type of specific inflammatory reaction, and the duration of the treatment performed. Whether there was a correlation of ATAb titers with skin tuberculin sensitivity the level was studied by the Mantoux test using 2 TE PPD-L. The time course of changes in ATAb titers in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis during the routine chemotherapy was analyzed.