[Comparative immunomorphological study of the immunogenic activity of dysentery vaccines produced by different methods]. / Sravnitel'noe immunomorfologicheskoe izuchenie immunogennoi aktivnosti dizenteriinykh vaktsin razlichnogo sposoba izgotovleniia.

The morphological study of the ophthalmic mucosa of guinea pigs immunized locally with different dysentery vaccines has demonstrated the advantages of live dysentery vaccine prepared from Shigella sonnei 6S over heated vaccine and Shigella antigen extracts. The protective properties of dysentery vaccines, their capacity for protecting the mucous membrane from the penetration and intracellular multiplication of shigellae correlates with the degree of the manifestation of vaccine-induced plasmatocellular reaction in the epithelial and subepithelial zones. The importance of the virulence of the strains used for the preparation of vaccines, as well as the method of their preparation, for the immunogenic potency of vaccines is shown.

[Oral intestinal vaccines and their effectiveness in the rabbit intestinal loop model. III. Effectiveness of oral immunization with live and chemical vaccines]. / Izuchenie énteral'nykh dizenteriinykh vaktsin i ikh éffektivnosti na modeli kishechnykh petel' krolika. Soobshchenie III. Izuchenie éffektivnosti peroral'noi immunizatsii zhivoi i khimicheskimi vaktsinami.

The effectiveness of the oral immunization of rabbits was manifested by a decrease in the number of virulent Shigella penetrating enterocytes, by the limited proliferation of bacteria in the epithelium and by the less pronounced ulcerous inflammation of the mucous membrane in the intestinal loops even after infection with large doses (10(9) bacteria). In electron microscopy this was manifested by the destruction of Shigella cells in heterophagosomes formed in enterocytes. The degree of fluid accumulation in the injected intestinal loops of immunized animals did not correlate either with the manifest morphological changes, or with the level of serum antibodies. The effectiveness of immunization was more pronounced after the introduction of smaller doses of virulent Shigella (10(7)-10(8) bacteria), when even Boivin's vaccine, though less effective, led to a decrease in the number of Shigella cells penetrating enterocytes, prevented their proliferation in the epithelium, its destruction and the development of inflammation.

[Study of enteric dysentery vaccines and their efficacy on a rabbit intestinal loop model. II. Changes in the mucosa of rabbit small intestine after oral immunization with live and chemical vaccines]. / Izuchenie enteral'nykh dizenteriinykh vaktsin i ikh éffektivnosti na modeli kishechnykh petel' krolika. Soobschenie II. Izmeneniia alizistoi obolochki tonkoi kishki krolika posle peroral'noi immunizatsii zhivoi i khimicheskimi vaktsinami.

Ten days after oral immunization of 3 groups of rabbits with live vaccine prepared from the mixture of streptomycin-dependent mutants of Sh. flexneri 2a and Sh. sonnei, with Sh. flexneri and Sh. sonnei tryptic lysate, or with Boivin's extract of 6 Sh. flexneri and Sh. sonnei serotypes, a pronounced activation of the secretory and lysosomal apparatus was observed in ileac enterocytes. Deteriorating bacteria or their antigenic material was observed in ileac enterocytes. Deteriorating bacteria of their antigenic material was detected in phagolysosomas. An increased number of interepithelial lymphocytes, and mucous membrane lymphocytes (plasmoblasts and plasmocytes) was observed. The surface of the contact of lymphocytic cell membranes with enterocytes was also increased. It is suggested that special enterocytes with high pinocytic activity play an important role in the uptake and transport of antigenic material. The importance of the fact, previously unknown, that attenuated Shigella organisms are destroyed in enterocytic phagolysosomas is emphasized.

[Shigella interaction with immune enterocytes]. / Vzaimodeistie shigell s immunnymi énterotsitami.

The immunity induced in rabbits by oral immunization with Boivin Shigella polyantigen results in activation of enterocytes: hypertrophy and dilatation of the Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum, increase in the number of sizes of primary and secondary lysosomes. Resistance of the immune enterocytes to Shigella is manifested in a decreased number of bacteria able to penetrate the cytoplasm, the absence of lysis of heterophagosome membrane surrounding the organisms, and the lack of fusion of the heterophagosomes with primary and secondary lysosomes. The bacteria are even destroyed in the immune enterocyte phagolysosomes. At the same time after the challenge of the rabbit gut loops with 10(9) Shigella some bacteria overcome the immunity, lyse the heterophagosome membranes and multiply directly in the enterocyte cytoplasm, as occurs in nonimmune control rabbits. As a result, ulcerative inflammation develops as in the controls, sometimes even accompanied by hypersensitivity reaction. Fluid accumulation in rabbit gut loops challenged seems to be associated with the effect of Shigella enterotoxin(s), both cytotoxic and cytotonic, as suggested by the peculiar manifestations of enterocyte hypersecretion and damage.

[Enteric dysentery vaccines and their effectiveness in a rabbit intestinal loop model. I. The residual virulence of attenuated vaccinal strains of Shigella administered into the intestinal loops]. / Izuchenie énteral'nykh dizenteriinykh vaktsin i ikh éffektivnosti na modeli kishechnykh petel' krolika. Soobshchenie I. Ostatochnaia virulentnost' attenuirovannykh vaktsinnykh shtammov shigell pri vvedenii v kishechnye petli.

Virulent Sh. flexneri strain 2a, Sh. sonnei strain, attenuated Sh. flexneri vaccine strain 2a 516M, and Sh. sonnei vaccine strain 6S (isolated by Yu. A. Belaya), as well as streptomycin-dependent Sh. flexneri strain 2a 1605/3 (isolated by V. V. Sergeev) were introduced into the ligated loops of the rabbit ileum. The use of light and immunofluorescent microscopy, the measurement of the volume of the fluid in the intestinal loops and the quantitative inoculation of their contents resulted in revealing the differences in the properties of the virulent and vaccine strains. The vaccine strains, in contrast to the virulent strains, did not proliferate in the lumen and did not cause the accumulation of fluid in the intestinal loops. They retained sharply limited, especially in the streptomycin-dependent bacteria, ability to penetrate into enterocytes and, via their cytoplasm, into the basement membrane, but lost their ability to proliferate in the cytoplasm of enterocytes (and probably even deteriorated there) and to cause plurulent ulcerous inflammation. This indicates that vaccine strains have insignificant residual virulence and suggests that the intestinal loop models, together with other models, may be used for testing the safety of vaccines prepared from Shigella strains.

[Antituberculosis antibodies in patients with tuberculosis during chemotherapy]. / Protivotuberkuleznye antitela u bol'nykh tuberkulezom legkikh v protsesse khimioterapii.

Enzyme immunoassay of the titer of antituberculosis antibodies (ATAb) from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis has indicated that their levels depend on the different characteristics of a specific process: the form of active tuberculosis, the extent of changes in the lung tissue, the presence of destruction and bacterial isolation, the type of specific inflammatory reaction, and the duration of the treatment performed. Whether there was a correlation of ATAb titers with skin tuberculin sensitivity the level was studied by the Mantoux test using 2 TE PPD-L. The time course of changes in ATAb titers in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis during the routine chemotherapy was analyzed.