Immune thrombocytopenia in systemic lupus erythematosus: Prevalence, risk factors, and a novel predictive model for risk assessment.

INTRODUCTION: Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a potentially severe manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) reported in 7-40% of SLE patients. ITP has been associated with a higher risk of organ damage and mortality. OBJECTIVES: To describe which factors are associated with the presence of ITP in SLE patients. METHODS: Retrospective case-control study. Cases were defined as SLE patients who had ever developed ITP and were sex- and age-matched with two controls. A predictive model was constructed to identify SLE patients who were at risk of developing ITP. RESULTS: ITP prevalence in our SLE cohort was 8.35%. Cases had a higher frequency of hemolytic anemia, while controls had a higher prevalence of arthritis at SLE diagnosis. During SLE progression, cases tested positive for anticardiolipin, anti-ß2-glycoprotein 1, and lupus anticoagulant antibodies more frequently. Cases received mycophenolic acid and azathioprine more often than controls and had a higher SLICC/ACR score. The model demonstrated a sensitivity of 87.53%, a positive predictive value of 81.92%, a specificity of 80.50%, area under the curve of 83.92%, a F1 of 83% and an overall accuracy of 83.68%. The variables that best explain the model were hemolytic anemia, arthritis, oral ulcers, Raynaud's phenomenon, low C4, low CH50, anticardiolipin and anti-ß2GP1 antibodies. CONCLUSION: SLE patients who develop ITP have a distinct phenotype characterized by more hemolytic anemia and less arthritis at SLE onset, and higher prevalence of antiphospholipid syndrome antibodies during SLE progression. This phenotype is associated with heightened organ damage and the need for more intensive therapies and stricter follow-up. Our predictive model has demonstrated an impressive ability to identify SLE patients at risk of developing ITP.

Chromogenic LMO2 mRNA ISH Expression Correlates with LMO2 Protein and Gene Expression and Captures Their Survival Impact in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma, NOS.

BACKGROUND: LMO2 is a relevant gene involved in B-cell ontogeny and a survival predictor of aggressive large B-cell lymphomas (aLBCL). Most studies assessing LMO2 mRNA expression have relied on microarray platforms or qRT-PCR methods, overlooking tissue morphology. In this study, we evaluate LMO2 RNA expression by chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) in normal tissue and in a series of 82 aLBCL. METHODS: LMO2 CISH was performed in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues, scored by three different methods, and correlated with a transcriptome panel. RESULTS: We obtained statistically significant results correlating the methods of evaluation with LMO2 protein expression and gene expression results. Normal tonsil tissue showed high levels of LMO2, particularly within the light zone of the germinal center. Conversely, in aLBCL, a notable reduction in LMO2 expression was noted, remarkably in cases carrying MYC rearrangements. Furthermore, significant results were obtained through overall survival and Cox regression survival analysis, incorporating International Prognostic Index data alongside LMO2 expression levels. CONCLUSIONS: We show a reliable method to identify LMO2 mRNA expression by CISH, effectively capturing many of the reported biologic features of LMO2.

Cell-Free DNA as a Biomarker at Diagnosis and Follow-Up in 256 B and T-Cell Lymphomas.

BACKGROUND: Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) analysis has become a promising tool for the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of lymphoma cases. Until now, research in this area has mainly focused on aggressive lymphomas, with scanty information from other lymphoma subtypes. METHODS: We selected 256 patients diagnosed with lymphomas, including a large variety of B-cell and T-cell non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin lymphomas, and quantified cfDNA from plasma at the time of diagnosis. We further selected 49 large B-cell lymphomas (LBCL) and analyzed cfDNA levels at diagnosis (pre-therapy) and after therapy. In addition, we performed NGS on cfDNA and tissue in this cohort of LBCL. RESULTS: Lymphoma patients showed a statistically significant higher cfDNA concentration than healthy controls (mean 53.0 ng/mL vs. 5.6 ng/mL, p < 0.001). The cfDNA concentration was correlated with lymphoma subtype, lactate dehydrogenase, the International Prognostic Index (IPI) score, Ann Arbor (AA), and B-symptoms. In 49 LBCL cases, the cfDNA concentration decreased after therapy in cases who achieved complete response (CR) and increased in non-responders. The median cfDNA at diagnosis of patients who achieved CR and later relapsed was higher (81.5 ng/mL) compared with levels of those who did not (38.6 ng/mL). A concordance of 84% was observed between NGS results in tumor and cfDNA samples. Higher VAF in cfDNA is correlated with advanced stage and bulky disease. CONCLUSIONS: cfDNA analysis can be easily performed in almost all lymphoma cases. The cfDNA concentration correlated with the characteristics of the aggressiveness of the lymphomas and, in LBCL, with the response achieved after therapy. These results support the utility of cfDNA analysis as a complementary tool in the management of lymphoma patients.

Linfoma primario de colon / Primary lymphoma of the colon

Introducción: el linfoma primario de colon y recto es una patología poco prevalente, representa tan solo el 0,5 % de todas las neoplasias primarias de colon y recto. El tracto gastrointestinal es el lugar donde asientan la gran mayoría de los linfomas extranodales, siendo el más frecuente el tipo linfoma no-Hodking. El diagnóstico precoz es siempre difícil debido a que la sintomatología es muy poco específica. Los algoritmos terapéuticos han incluido clásicamente la resección radical, el tratamiento con quimioterapia y con radioterapia. Materiales y métodos: presentamos nuestra experiencia en el manejo de los linfomas primarios de colon en un periodo de 17 años (1994-2011). Resultados: en dicho periodo en nuestro centro fueron diagnosticaron 7 casos de linfoma primario de colon. El dolor abdominal y los cambios en el ritmo deposicional fueron los síntomas más frecuentes. Cinco pacientes requirieron tratamiento quirúrgico urgente debido a hemorragia digestiva u obstrucción intestinal. El estudio anatomopatológico reveló que todos los linfomas tenían el fenotipo de tipo B. Los pacientes tuvieron un seguimiento medio de 59 meses (rango 1-180). Tres de ellos siguen vivos sin evidencia de recidiva. Conclusión: el tratamiento combinado con quimioterapia y cirugía puede obtener buenos resultados de remisión. La cirugía puede resolver complicaciones como la hemorragia o la perforación intestinal, ambas directamente relacionadas con la mortalidad por linfoma(AU)

Background: primary colorectal lymphoma is a very rare disease, representing less than 0.5 % of all primary colorectal neoplasms. The gastrointestinal tract is the most frequently involved site of all extranodal lymphomas, the most common type of that is non-Hodgkin s lymphoma. Early diagnosis is often difficult because of unspecific symptoms. Therapeutic approaches have classically included radical resection, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Materials and methods: we present our experience in the management of primary colorectal lymphomas over a 17-year period (1994-20011). Results: in this period 7 cases of primary colorectal lymphoma were diagnosed in our institution. Abdominal pain and change in bowel habit were the most frequent symptoms. Five patients underwent emergency surgery because of bleeding or bowel obstruction. All primary intestinal lymphomas studied were of the Bcell phenotype. Patients were followed up for a median of 59 months (range 1-180). Three of them are alive with no evidence of recurrence. Conclusion: combination treatment with chemotherapy and surgery can obtain good remission rate. Surgery can resolve complications such bleeding or intestinal perforation that are implicated in lymphoma mortality(AU)

Impacto pronóstico de las antraciclinas en el tratamiento de pacientes mayores de 70 años con linfoma agresivo / Prognostic impact of anthracyclines in the treatment of aggressive lymphoma in patients over 70 years

Fundamento y objetivo: El tratamiento óptimo de los linfomas no hodgkinianos (LNH) agresivos en ancianos es controvertido. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el impacto de la edad y de las antraciclinas en pacientes ancianos con LNH. Pacientes y método: Análisis retrospectivo de pacientes con una edad > 70 años, con LNH agresivo. Resultados: Se incluyeron 128 pacientes, con una mediana de edad de 76 años (extremos 70-91). El 88% se trató con quimioterapia, y un 72% recibió antraciclinas. La tasa global de respuesta fue del 70%, con un 51% de respuestas completas (RC)/respuestas completas inciertas y un 19% de respuestas parciales (RP). La supervivencia global (SG) mediana fue de 28 meses (intervalo de confianza del 95% 18-78). En los pacientes con linfoma difuso de células grandes B, la supervivencia libre de progresión y la SG mediana fueron significativamente mejores en los que alcanzaron RC en comparación con los que alcanzaron RP. Las antraciclinas se asociaron a RC, el índice pronóstico internacional (IPI) se asoció tanto a supervivencia como a respuesta, y la edad no mostró ninguna asociación. Conclusiones: En los pacientes con edad ≥ 70 años con linfomas agresivos de nuestro centro que recibieron quimioterapia, tanto el IPI como el uso de antraciclinas mostraron impacto pronóstico, pero no la edad. Por tanto, creemos que el tratamiento de los pacientes ancianos con linfomas agresivos debería contemplar el uso de antraciclinas, y que la decisión terapéutica no debe basarse exclusivamente en la edad (AU)

Background and objective: The optimal treatment of aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in elderly patients remains controversial. We aimed to evaluate the impact of age and use of anthracyclines. Patients and method: Retrospective analysis of patients with aggressive NHL aged over 70 years old. Results: One hundred and twenty-eight patients with a median age of 76 years (70-91). Eighty-eight percent received chemotherapy, and 72% received anthracyclines. The overall response rate was 70%, 51% with a complete response (CR)/uncertain complete response and 19% with a partial response (PR). Overall survival (OS) was 28 months (95% confidence interval 18-78). In the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma group, progression-free survival (PFS) and OS were significantly better in patients who achieved CR versus PR. The use of anthracyclines was associated with CR, the international prognostic index (IPI) was associated with both survival and response, and age showed no association. Conclusions: In patients aged ≥ 70 years with aggressive lymphoma who received chemotherapy, the IPI but not age and the use of anthracyclines showed a prognostic impact. Therefore, in elderly patients with aggressive lymphomas, the use of anthracyclines should be considered and therapeutic decisions should not be based on age exclusively (AU)

Síndrome de sarcoidosis-linfoma / Sarcoidosis-lymphoma syndrome

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Plasmocitoma mamario en un varón / Breast plasmocytoma in a male patient

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