Body mass index: a true indicator of body fat in obese gravidas.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and percent body fat in overweight/obese pregnant women (BMI >25) before and during pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN: Thirteen overweight women were evaluated longitudinally (prospective cohort study design) before conception, in early gestation (12-22 weeks) and in late gestation (31-36 weeks). BMI was calculated as weight (kg)/height (m)2, and percent body fat was estimated using hydrodensitometry with correction for residual lung volume. RESULTS: The correlation between BMI and percent body fat before conception was r2 = 0.86 (p = 0.001). Furthermore, the correlation remained strong in early pregnancy, r2 = 0.84 (p = 0.001), but was less strong yet significant, r2 = 0.54 (p = 0.004), in late gestation. CONCLUSION: In overweight women, the correlation between BMI and percent body fat remained significant during pregnancy. However, the correlation weakened as the pregnancy advanced.

Arterial embolus during common iliac balloon catheterization at cesarean hysterectomy.

BACKGROUND: Placenta accreta is associated with significant maternal morbidity. Prophylactic iliac artery balloon placement has been described as a treatment adjunct to minimize maternal risk of excessive blood loss at hysterectomy. CASE: A 37-year-old multigravida presented at 37 weeks of gestation with a known placenta previa and suspected placenta accreta. Iliac artery balloon catheters were placed immediately before cesarean delivery. The balloons were inflated after the infant was delivered, and placental-site hemorrhage required a cesarean hysterectomy with a 1,500-mL blood loss. A left popliteal arterial thrombus diagnosed postoperatively required thromboembolectomy. The patient was discharged home on postoperative day 5 with no further sequelae. CONCLUSION: Prophylactic arterial balloon occlusion may be associated with risks unique to pregnant women.

Increased neonatal fat mass, not lean body mass, is associated with maternal obesity.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare body composition measures in neonates of women who were overweight/obese (body mass index, > or = 25 kg/m2) versus women who were lean/average (body mass index, < 25 kg/m2), all of whom had normal glucose tolerance levels. STUDY DESIGN: Seventy-six neonates (34 female and 42 male) of singleton pregnancies of pregravid overweight/obese women and 144 neonates (67 female and 77 male) of lean/average women were assessed with anthropometric measures and total body electrical conductivity evaluation of body composition at birth. RESULTS: There was a borderline increase in birthweight (3436 +/- 567 g vs 3284 +/- 534 g; P = .051) but not lean body mass (3020 +/- 410 g vs 2950 +/- 400 g; P = .23) in the overweight/obese versus lean/average weight groups. However, there were significant increases in percent body fat (11.6% +/- 4.7% vs 9.7 +/- 4.3%; P = .003) and fat mass (420 +/- 220 g vs 380 +/- 170 g; P = .01) in neonates of overweight/obese women versus lean/average weight women. CONCLUSION: Overweight/obese women with normal glucose tolerance levels have neonates who are heavier than lean/average weight women because of increased adiposity. We speculate that this increased obesity in offspring of obese women with normal glucose tolerance levels is a significant risk for adolescent obesity and components of the metabolic syndrome.

Association of Spouse Deployment on Pregnancy Outcomes in a U.S. Military Population.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of spousal deployment during the antenatal period on maternal and neonatal outcomes and to estimate whether group prenatal care may be beneficial in reducing adverse outcomes when spouses are deployed. METHODS: Primigravid women who delivered at Womack Army Medical Center, Fort Bragg, North Carolina, were prospectively enrolled and selected for participation on a random basis between January 2013 and January 2014. Women whose spouses were deployed to a combat zone during the entire pregnancy (deployed group) were compared with women whose spouses were not deployed during the pregnancy (nondeployed group). Pregnancy and neonatal outcomes were compared between groups. RESULTS: Three hundred ninety-seven women were enrolled with 183 (46.1%) in the deployed group and 214 (53.9%) in the nondeployed group. Spouse deployment was associated with increased risk of preterm delivery (38 [20.8%] compared with 16 [7.5%], P<.001) and postpartum depression (30 [16.4%] compared with 13 [6.1%], P=.001) when compared with women in the nondeployed group. There were no differences in the incidence of preterm delivery and postpartum depression for women in the deployed group who participated in group prenatal care when compared with women participating in traditional care (preterm delivery 6 [14.6%] compared with 32 [22.5%], P=.38; postpartum depression 4 [9.8%] compared with 26 [18.3%], P=.24). CONCLUSION: Women who have a spouse deployed during their pregnancy are at increased risk for preterm birth and postpartum depression. Larger studies are needed to evaluate whether spouse deployment during pregnancy has other perinatal effects and whether group prenatal care may have a positive effect on adverse perinatal outcomes in this population. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II.

Cogan syndrome in pregnancy.

BACKGROUND: Cogan syndrome is a rare, multisystem, autoimmune disorder of unknown etiology. Little is known about whether it affects pregnancy or whether pregnancy affects the disease. CASE: A 24-year-old primigravid woman with Cogan syndrome diagnosed 3 years before her pregnancy presented to our clinic for prenatal care. During pregnancy she experienced no worsening of symptoms of her disease but reported subjective improvement in vision and hearing. Cesarean delivery was performed at term because of nonreassuring fetal status. There were no obstetric or postpartum complications. CONCLUSION: Cogan syndrome requires close monitoring. If it worsens, then the disease process can be similar to both physiologic and pathologic changes of pregnancy. However, unlike the former, worsening Cogan syndrome can have irreversible maternal consequences.