Racial effects on masimo pulse oximetry: impact of low perfusion index.

PURPOSE:  Evaluate the SpO2-SaO2 difference between Black and White volunteer subjects having a low perfusion index (Pi) compared to those having a normal Pi. METHODS:  The Pi data were abstracted from electronic files collected on 7183 paired SpO2-SaO2 samples (3201 Black and 3982 White) from a recently reported desaturation study of 75 subjects (39 Black and 36 White) where SaO2 values were sequentially decreased from 100 to 70%. The Pi values from that dataset were divided into two groups (Pi ≤ 1 or Pi > 1) for analysis. A Pi value ≤ 1 was considered "low perfusion" and a Pi value > 1 was considered "normal perfusion". Statistical calculations included values of bias (mean difference of SpO2-SaO2), precision (standard deviation of the difference), and accuracy (root-mean-square error [ARMS]). During conditions of low perfusion (Pi ≤ 1, range [0.1 to 1]), overall bias and precision were + 0.48% ± 1.59%, while bias and precision were + 0.19 ± 1.53%, and + 0.91 ± 1.57%, for Black and White subjects, respectively. RESULTS:  During normal perfusion (Pi > 1, range [1 to 12]), overall bias and precision were + 0.18% ± 1.34%, while bias and precision were -0.26 ± 1.37%, and - 0.12 ± 1.31%, for Black and White subjects, respectively. ARMS was 1.37% in all subjects with normal perfusion and 1.64% in all subjects with low perfusion. CONCLUSION:  Masimo SET® pulse oximeters with RD SET® sensors are accurate for individuals of both Black and White races when Pi is normal, as well as during conditions when Pi is low. The ARMS for all conditions studied is well within FDA standards. This study was conducted in healthy volunteers during well-controlled laboratory desaturations, and results could vary under certain challenging clinical conditions.

Absence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the semen of men recovering from COVID-19 infection: An exploratory study and review of literature.

The effect of COVID-19 on the male reproductive tract has been sparsely studied. This exploratory study was designed to determine the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the semen of men recovering from COVID-19. A systematic literature review was also performed as per PRISMA guidelines to gather perspective on this topic. The prospective study included men 21 years and older recovering from COVID-19 with nasopharyngeal swab negative for SARS-CoV-2 or at least two weeks from the last COVID RT-PCR positivity. After clinical evaluation, freshly ejaculated semen sample by masturbation was collected in a sterile container. Samples were processed for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR. Twenty-one patients were contacted for the study, 11 of which consented to provide a semen sample. The mean age of the cohort was 29.72 ± 4.52 years. None of the patients gave a history of epididymo-orchitis or sexual dysfunction at the time of assessment. None of the semen samples demonstrated SARS-CoV-2 on RT-PCR. Median duration of semen sample collection from the COVID positivity was 44 days (Range 19-59 days). Detailed literature review revealed that SARS-CoV-2 is not found in patients recovering from COVID-19 infection. We conclude that SARS-CoV-2 is not found in the semen of patients recovering from COVID-19.

Emerging trends of Nipah virus: A review.

Since emergence of the Nipah virus (NiV) in 1998 from Malaysia, the NiV virus has reappeared on different occasions causing severe infections in human population associated with high rate of mortality. NiV has been placed along with Hendra virus in genus Henipavirus of family Paramyxoviridae. Fruit bats (Genus Pteropus) are known to be natural host and reservoir of NiV. During the outbreaks from Malaysia and Singapore, the roles of pigs as intermediate host were confirmed. The infection transmitted from bats to pigs and subsequently from pigs to humans. Severe encephalitis was reported in NiV infection often associated with neurological disorders. First NiV outbreak in India occurred in Siliguri district of West Bengal in 2001, where direct transmission of the NiV virus from bats-to-human and human-to-human was reported in contrast to the role of pigs in the Malaysian NiV outbreak. Regular NiV outbreaks have been reported from Bangladesh since 2001 to 2015. The latest outbreak of NiV has been recorded in May, 2018 from Kerala, India which resulted in the death of 17 individuals. Due to lack of vaccines and effective antivirals, Nipah encephalitis poses a great threat to public health. Routine surveillance studies in the infected areas can be useful in detecting early signs of infection and help in containment of these outbreaks.

Zika virus: an emerging challenge to public health worldwide.

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne virus that was first isolated from Zika forest, Uganda, in 1947. Since its inception, major and minor outbreaks have been documented from several parts of world. Aedes spp. mosquitoes are the primary vectors of ZIKV, but the virus can also be transmitted through sexual practices, materno-fetal transmission, and blood transfusion. The clinical presentations of symptomatic ZIKV infections are similar to dengue and chikungunya, including fever, headache, arthralgia, retro-orbital pain, conjunctivitis, and rash. ZIKV often causes mild illness in the majority of cases, but in some instances, it is linked with congenital microcephaly and autoimmune disorders like Guillain-Barré syndrome. The recent Indian ZIKV outbreak suggests that the virus is circulating in the South East Asian region and may cause new outbreaks in future. At present, no specific vaccines or antivirals are available to treat ZIKV, so management and control of ZIKV infections rely mostly on preventive measures.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from medicinal plants and evaluation of their antiviral potential against chikungunya virus.

The exploration of nanoscale materials for their therapeutic potential against emerging and re-emerging infections has been increased in recent years. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are known to possess antimicrobial activities against different pathogens including viruses and provide an excellent opportunity to develop new antivirals. The present study focused on biological synthesis of AgNPs from Andrographis paniculata, Phyllanthus niruri, and Tinospora cordifolia and evaluation of their antiviral properties against chikungunya virus. Synthesized plants AgNPs were characterized to assess their formation, morphology, and stability. The cytotoxicity assays in Vero cells revealed that A. paniculata AgNPs were most cytotoxic with maximum non-toxic dose (MNTD) value of 31.25 µg/mL followed by P. niruri (MNTD, 125 µg/mL) and T. cordifolia AgNPs (MNTD, 250 µg/mL). In vitro antiviral assay of AgNPs based on degree of inhibition of cytopathic effect (CPE) showed that A. paniculata AgNPs were most effective, followed by T. cordifolia and P. niruri AgNPs. The results of antiviral assay were confirmed by cell viability test using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) dye, which revealed that A. paniculata AgNPs inhibited the virus to a maximum extent. The cell viability of CHIKV-infected cells significantly increased from 25.69% to 80.76 and 66.8%, when treated with A. paniculata AgNPs at MNTD and ½MNTD, respectively. These results indicated that use of plants AgNPs as antiviral agents is feasible and could provide alternative treatment options against viral diseases which have no specific antiviral or vaccines available yet.

Our Experience of Laparoscopic Anterior Exenteration in Locally Advanced Cervical Carcinoma.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To show the feasibility, technique, and results of laparoscopic anterior exenteration in selected patients. DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Galaxy Care Laparoscopy Institute, Pune, India. PATIENTS: Seventy-four of 85 patients who underwent laparoscopic anterior exenteration for stage IVA carcinoma of the cervix from January 2005 to January 2015 were analyzed; the median follow-up was 30 months. Contrast-enhanced computed tomographic imaging of the abdomen and pelvis was performed for all patients. INTERVENTIONS: The same surgeon and team performed all the operations for uniformity in 10 operative steps. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The mean operative time was 180 minutes, and the mean blood loss was 160 mL. The mean hospital stay was 6 days. The average number of lymph nodes removed was 21.4. Surgical margins were negative in all patients. Forty-two patients had positive lymph nodes. Chemoradiation was given to those with positive lymph nodes. Perioperative complications occurred in 15 (20.27%) patients including deep vein thrombosis, urinary tract infection, ureterosigmoid leak (n = 2/74), and so on. Positron emission tomographic imaging and computed tomographic scanning were performed at 6 months after surgery and 6 months after adjuvant therapy in those with positive lymph nodes. There was no immediate postoperative mortality. The overall survival rate at 5 years was 25%. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic anterior exenteration is feasible in cases of advanced carcinoma of the cervix. Results have shown that in selected patients this procedure is associated with good long-term survival.

Laparoscopic anterior exenteration with intracorporeal uretero-sigmoidostomy.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the feasibility of laparoscopic anterior exenteration with intracorporeal ureterosigmoidostomy. DESIGN: After Institutional Review Board approval was obtained, patients who had undergone laparoscopic anterior exenteration with intracorporeal ureterosigmoidostomy were analyzed. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty-seven patients with advanced cervical carcinoma, stage IV A, since 2005 were analyzed retrospectively. The preoperative workup was done with contrast-enhanced computed tomography abdomen-pelvis and positron emission tomography (PET) scans. Patients were analyzed for operative time, blood loss, and complications. Patient follow-up was done monthly for the first 3 months, every 3 months for 1 year, and then every 6 months for 3 years. Postoperative follow-up was done with PET scans. SETTING: Galaxy Care Laparoscopic Institute, Pune, India. INTERVENTIONS: Operative steps were as follows: MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: The mean operative time was 180 minutes (range, 140-240 minutes), and mean blood loss was 100 mL (range, 50-200 mL), as measured by the amount of blood in the suction machine. The median duration of hospital stay was 4 days (range, 3-7 days). The mean number of lymph nodes retrieved was 12 (range, 9-21). Surgical margins were negative in all patients with a lateral margin >2 cm. Twenty-eight patients had positive lymph nodes. Chemoradiotherapy was given to the patients with positive lymph nodes. Minor leak was present in 11 patients in the immediate postoperative period, for which no active intervention was required. Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis which was seen on biochemical parameter but clinically patient have no manifestation and was treated with sodium bicarbonate. A postoperative PET scan was done at 6 months after the completion of adjuvant therapy in lymph node-positive patients and 6 months after surgery in node-negative patients. CONCLUSION: Exenteration has a definitive role in the treatment of advanced cervical cancer. Results have demonstrated the feasibility of this procedure [1-4].

Correlation study of structural parameters of bioadhesive polymers in designing a tunable drug delivery system.

Keeping in view the importance of network structure in designing tunable drug delivery devices, in the present work, correlation between structural parameters and drug release profile has been determined for polysaccharide gum based polymers. These polymers have been characterized by SEMs, FTIR, (13)C NMR, XRD, TGA/DTA/DTG, DSC, and swelling studies. The mechanical, biocompatible, and mucoadhesive properties of polymers have also been determined. The polymer network parameters such as polymer volume fraction in the swollen state, Flory-Huggins interaction parameter, molecular weight of the polymer chain between two cross-links, cross-link density, and mesh size have been evaluated. Different kinetic models have been applied for the drug release profile of the antifungal drug fluconazole. The swelling and drug release occurred through a non-Fickian diffusion mechanism and a release profile best fitted in the Higuchi square root model. The polymers have been observed as non-thrombogenic, hemo-compatible, and mucoadhesive in nature and may be used in slow drug delivery applications to oral mucosa.

Molecular detection of dengue and chikungunya viruses in surveillance of wild-caught Aedes mosquitoes in Punjab, North India.

BACKGROUND: Dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV) and chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses are transmitted mainly by Aedes mosquitoes and are responsible for a significant global healthcare burden. The current study aimed to detect arboviruses in the Aedes mosquitoes in close proximity of patients during the transmission season. METHODS: Both immature and adult mosquitoes were collected from in and around the patients' houses. Mosquito pools were homogenized and extracted RNA was subjected to reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for arboviral detection. Transovarian transmission (TOT) was assessed by screening F0 adults. Mosquito positivity was correlated with the aetiological agents identified in patients. RESULTS: Of 46 pools, 19 consisted of wild Aedes, with arboviral positivity in 53% (10/19) of pools. Among wild A. aegypti pools, positivity of DENV mono-infection, CHIKV mono-infection and DENV+CHIKV co-infection was noted in four, two and three pools, respectively. One wild pool of Aedes albopictus was positive for DENV-1. Similarly, A. aegypti F0 (adult Aedes developed from immatures) pools showed 59.2% (16/27) positivity for arboviruses. F0 Aedes showed positivity in three, six and seven pools for DENV-2, CHIKV and DENV+CHIKV, respectively, suggestive of TOT. DENV serotypes and CHIKV from 24 patients' serum samples were matched with strains isolated from Aedes and correlation was observed in four instances. CONCLUSIONS: The study detected DENV and CHIKV from wild-caught Aedes and found evidence of DENV and CHIKV TOT in F0 adults.

Clinical course and molecular characterization of human Bocavirus associated with acute lower respiratory tract infections in tertiary care hospital of north India.

Respiratory samples from 139 hospitalized children were screened for the Human Bocavirus (HBoV) genome. Positive samples were sequenced for partial VP1/VP2 gene followed by molecular and phylogenetic analyses. HBoV positivity was noted in 7.2% (10/139) patients. All HBoV positive children presented with fever followed by cough and respiratory distress (90%; 9/10). Three children developed multisystemic viral illness with one fatality. Eight children required intensive care management and mechanical ventilation required for 5 children. Nucleotide percent identity of partial VP1/VP2 gene of HBoV study strains were ranging from 97.52% to 99.67%. Non-synonymous amino acid mutations in VP1 protein revealed T591S (n=8) and Y517S (n=1) mutations in comparison to HBoVSt1 strain where N475S (n=8) and S591T (n=2) mutations in comparison to HBoVSt2 strain. One study strain showed A556P, H556P, I561S and M562R non-synonymous mutations. All the study strains belong to HBoV1 type. Seven HBoV strains belong to same lineage and three belong to another lineage. For evolutionary dynamics, GTR+I substitution model with uncorrelated relaxed lognormal clock and Bayesian Skyline tree prior showed 9.0 x 10-4 [95% HPD interval: 3.1 x10-6, 2.1 x 10-3] nucleotide substitutions/site/year. The clinical suspicion and virological screening is necessary for identification HBoV in children.

Multiple Symptomatic Spinal Intradural Arachnoid Cysts: A Case Report.

A spinal arachnoid cyst is a rare entity representing only 1 to 3% of spinal canal lesions. Very few of them are reported to be symptomatic. Moreover, occurrence in multiples is even rarer. Extradural type is more common than intradural. In the spine, it is rare in the sacral region. Other common pathologies, such as a dermoid or epidermoid cyst, are often considered at presentation. Even magnetic resonance imaging can miss the diagnosis sometimes. We report a case with symptoms of paraparesis and incontinence at presentation, initially misdiagnosed as a dermoid cyst, later found to be multiple intradural arachnoid cysts located in the sacral region. Spinal arachnoid cysts may cause debilitating symptoms. The disease is completely curable if the detection and classification are early as in our case.

Victims of armed conflict in India: psychosocial impact and available support.

India has been a part of 5 major wars since its independence in 1947 and hosts over 212,413 refugees from Sri Lanka, Tibet and Bangladesh. So, a wide spectrum of trauma survivors, both civilian and military, live in this country and require mental healthcare. We discuss the psychological impact of armed conflict and how the country and culture tint it uniquely. We not only explore the current scene but the resources available and what can be done to make such vulnerable parts of the Indian population feel safer.

The spectrum of victims of armed conflict in India and the impact on their mental health.The current deficient governmental and non-governmental psychosocial support available.Recommendations for optimum management of these trauma victims through programmes and individual therapy.

OGAS: Omni-directional Glider Assisted Scheme for autonomous deployment of sensor nodes in open area wireless sensor network.

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is built with the wireless interconnection of Sensor Nodes (SNs) generally deployed to monitor the changes within the environment of hostile, rugged, and unreachable target regions. The optimal placement of SNs is very important for the efficient and effective operation of any WSN. Unlike small and reachable regions, the deployment of the SNs in large-scale regions (e.g., forest regions, nuclear radiation affected regions, international border regions, natural calamity affected regions, etc.) is substantially challenging. Present paper deals with an autonomous air-bone scheme for the precise placement of SNs in such large-scale regions. It uses an Omni-directional Circular Glider (OCG) per SN. After being aerially dropped, SN pilots the OCG to glide itself to the predetermined locations (PL) within a target region. The major advantage of using OCG is its capability to quickly update the direction, during the flight (with turning radius = 0) toward its PL. The proposed uses a recursive path correction model to maintain the orientation of the gliding SN towards the PL. The simulation results, and the hardware implementation, indicate that the proposed model is effectively operational in the environmental winds. It is time-efficient and more accurate in the deployment of the SNs in comparison to existing state of art SN deployment models.

Hepatitis B virus-induced hepatocellular carcinoma: a persistent global problem.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections are highly prevalent globally, representing a serious public health problem. The diverse modes of transmission and the burden of the chronic carrier population pose challenges to the effective management of HBV. Vaccination is the most effective preventive measure available in the current scenario. Still, HBV is one of the significant health issues in various parts of the globe due to non-response to vaccines, the high number of concealed carriers, and the lack of access and awareness. Universal vaccination programs must be scaled up in neonates, especially in the developing parts of the world, to prevent new HBV infections. Novel treatments like combinational therapy, gene silencing, and new antivirals must be available for effective management. The prolonged infection of HBV, direct and indirect, can promote the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The present review emphasizes the problems and probable solutions for better managing HBV infections, causal risk factors of HCC, and mechanisms of HCC.

Outbreak investigation of acute febrile illness from the Himalayan foothills: Solving the puzzle of fever.

In September 2022, Panchkula Civil Hospital reported an outbreak of acute febrile illness (AFI) in Pinjore, located in the Himalayan foothills, Haryana, North India. There was an upsurge of fever cases. Blood samples were taken from suspected patients (n = 58) with AFI and subjected to serology of dengue, chikungunya, Japanese encephalitis, leptospira and scrub typhus. The samples were also screened for West Nile & Zika virus RNA using real-time PCR. Viral strains were characterized by sequencing. Of the 58 cases of AFI, Dengue could be identified in 45 (77.58%) followed by JE and Chikungunya in 2 cases each (3.44%), respectively. Among Dengue positive cases, 44 had monoinfection (97.77%) and 1 patient had dengue and JE. None were positive for Zika, West Nile, Scrub typhus, and Leptospira with the testing protocol. Four patients developed dengue with warning signs, such as abdominal pain in one patient and recurrent vomiting in the remaining three. The dengue serotype could be determined in 17 samples and revealed serotype 2. Molecular evolution analysis based on the complete envelope gene revealed that all DENV-2 strains (n = 13) circulated in the outbreak area belonged to the DENV-2 cosmopoliton genotype. In the early stages of infection, relying only on clinical manifestations is ineffective, so both molecular and serological assays along with clinical diagnosis are noteworthy for determining the aetiology of AFI.

In vitro release profile of anti-ulcer drug rabeprazole from biocompatible psyllium-PVA hydrogels.

The present article discusses the synthesis, characterization and haemocompatibility behaviour of the psyllium-PVA hydrogels prepared by chemical method in the presence of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide. These hydrogels have been characterized by Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy, thermo gravimetric analysis, swelling and drug release studies. The release of model drug rabeprazole sodium from the drug loaded hydrogels occurred through non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. Psyllium itself acts as anti-ulcer agent and release of rabeprazole from the drug loaded hydrogels may enhance the curing potential of the drug delivery device. The haemocompatibility was evaluated by studying the blood interactions with hydrogels with reference to thrombogenicity and haemolytic potential. Thrombogenicity results indicate that hydrogels are non-thrombogenic as the weight of clot formed and thrombus percentage for hydrogels was less than the positive control. The haemolytic index has been observed <5%. These observations indicate that these hydrogels are haemo-compatible and hence could be used for oral administration of antiulcer drugs.

Hypocalcaemia - A rare complication of ileostomy.

Hypocalcaemia is an uncommon complication of ileostomy. We present one such case where significant symptoms only resolved on reversal of the ileostomy.

A comprehensive survey on the biomedical signal processing methods for the detection of COVID-19.

The novel coronavirus, renamed SARS-CoV-2 and most commonly referred to as COVID-19, has infected nearly 44.83 million people in 224 countries and has been designated SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we used 'web of Science', 'Scopus' and 'goggle scholar' with the keywords of "SARS-CoV-2 detection" or "coronavirus 2019 detection" or "COVID 2019 detection" or "COVID 19 detection" "corona virus techniques for detection of COVID-19", "audio techniques for detection of COVID-19", "speech techniques for detection of COVID-19", for period of 2019-2021. Some COVID-19 instances have an impact on speech production, which suggests that researchers should look for signs of disease detection in speech utilising audio and speech recognition signals from humans to better understand the condition. It is presented in this review that an overview of human audio signals is presented using an AI (Artificial Intelligence) model to diagnose, spread awareness, and monitor COVID-19, employing bio and non-obtrusive signals that communicated human speech and non-speech audio information is presented. Development of accurate and rapid screening techniques that permit testing at a reasonable cost is critical in the current COVID-19 pandemic crisis, according to the World Health Organization. In this context, certain existing investigations have shown potential in the detection of COVID 19 diagnostic signals from relevant auditory noises, which is a promising development. According to authors, it is not a single "perfect" COVID-19 test that is required, but rather a combination of rapid and affordable tests, non-clinic pre-screening tools, and tools from a variety of supply chains and technologies that will allow us to safely return to our normal lives while we await the completion of the hassle free COVID-19 vaccination process for all ages. This review was able to gather information on biomedical signal processing in the detection of speech, coughing sounds, and breathing signals for the purpose of diagnosing and screening the COVID-19 virus.

Characterization and cytotoxicity assessment of biosurfactant derived from Lactobacillus pentosus NCIM 2912.

Noteworthy properties of biosurfactant (BS) are fascinating scientific fraternity to explore them for food, medicinal, cosmetic, or pharmaceutical etc. applications. Newer products intended for pharmaceutical purposes are mandatory to go through pragmatic evaluation protocols. BS, being less cytotoxic, offers an ideal candidature for widespread applications in the healthcare sector. The goal of the current study was the isolation, physico-chemical characterization, and safety assessment of cell-associated biosurfactant (CABS) from Lactobacillus pentosus NCIM 2912. The culture was grown in a 3-L fermentor to produce CABS from the cell pellets through procedures like centrifugation, filtration, dialysis, column chromatography, and freeze-drying. Further, physical properties like surface tension (ST), critical micelle concentration (CMC), contact angle (CA), emulsification activity, stability of emulsion (height of emulsion, the extent of coalescence, and appearance), and ionic character of CABS were evaluated. Analytical characterization through TLC, FTIR, NMR, and GC-MS was carried out. The physico-chemical characterization revealed CABS as an anionic, multicomponent glycolipopeptide having a hydrophobic chain comprising butanoic acid (C4), decanoic acid (C10), undecanoic acid (C11), tridecanoic acid (C13), hexadecenoic acid (C16), and octadecanoic acid (C18). The oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions formed by CABS with various oils (olive, sesame, soybean, coconut) were stabilized up to the 7th day of storage and were analogous with polysorbate 80 (emulsifier/defoamer used in food industries). The O/W emulsions are quite stable at room temperature with no evidence of coalescence of droplets around 1 week. The cytotoxicity of CABS was evaluated through MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. Cytotoxicity study performed on the human embryonic kidney (HEK 293), mouse fibroblast ATCC L929 and human epithelial type (HEP-2) cell lines recorded viability of 90.3 ± 0.1%, 99.2 ± 0.43, and 94.3 ± 0.2% respectively. The toxicity of the BS was comparable to that of the commercially used rhamnolipid sample. Thus, CABS derived from L. pentosus NCIM 2912 pose promising applications in the pharmaceutical, food industries acquiescently. The multifunctional potential of the incredibly versatile microbial product like BS from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) certainly contributes to wider avenues for varied industries.

A Prospective Correlation Study Between Computerized Tomography of Paranasal Sinuses and Nasal Endoscopy Findings in Patients of Chronic Rhinosinusitis Undergoing Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery.

In order to diagnose chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), diagnostic nasal endoscopy (DNE) and computed tomography (CT) scan both are important investigations. But both have their pros and cons, some findings are seen better in DNE and others in CT. Our study aims to correlate DNE and CT findings. 50 patients with CRS were included in this observational prospective study done at tertiary care hospital. Preoperative each patient underwent DNE and got CT scan followed by scoring using Lund Kennedy and Lund Mackay grading respectively. Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) was performed and intraoperative findings were correlated with CT scan for each of them. The sensitivity of endoscopy was 93.18% and the specificity was 83.33%. Positive predictive value of DNE was 97.62% and negative predictive value was 62.50%. Most of the endoscopy positive patients of CRS were CT positive. Also, the sensitivity of CT PNS was highest for all groups of sinus disease while specificity was high for posterior group of sinuses (81.82%) and frontal sinus (89.19%). Both DNE and CT scan should be used for planning the management of CRS. DNE tells better about middle meatal secretions, condition of mucosa, polyps. But in situations where due to anatomical variation DNE is difficult, CT scan helps us. CT identifies the extent of disease, the anatomical variants and vital relations of PNS. Overdiagnosis through CT is checked by DNE.