Association between metabolic syndrome and periodontitis: The role of lipids, inflammatory cytokines, altered host response, and the microbiome.

Periodontitis has been associated with many systemic diseases and conditions, including metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that occur concomitantly and together they increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and double the risk of type 2 diabetes. In this review, we focus on the association between metabolic syndrome and periodontitis; however, we also include information on diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, since these two conditions are significantly intertwined with metabolic syndrome. With regard to periodontitis and metabolic syndrome, to date, the vast majority of studies point to an association between these two conditions and also demonstrate that periodontitis can contribute to the development of, or can worsen, metabolic syndrome. Evaluating the effect of metabolic syndrome on the salivary microbiome, data presented herein support the hypothesis that the salivary bacterial profile is altered in metabolic syndrome patients compared with healthy patients. Considering periodontitis and these three conditions, the vast majority of human and animal studies point to an association between periodontitis and metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Moreover, there is evidence to suggest that metabolic syndrome and diabetes can alter the oral microbiome. However, more studies are needed to fully understand the influence these conditions have on each other.

Quality Improvement Initiative to Reduce Intravenous Line-related Infiltration and Phlebitis Incidence in Pediatric Emergency Room.

AIM AND OBJECTIVE: To reduce the incidence of infiltration and phlebitis by 50% over 2 months among children admitted to the emergency room (ER) of a tertiary care hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted in the pediatric ER of a tertiary care hospital in North India. All children aged >28 days, receiving intravenous (IV) medication and/or fluids, were enrolled between June (2017) and September (2017). Existing practices of IV line insertion and maintenance were observed and recorded. The visual infusion phlebitis score and infiltration assessment scale were to grade the extent of two. The intervention classified as "IV line insertion and maintenance bundle" included the introduction of low-cost mobile sterile compartment trays, audit and feedback, organizational change, introduction of infection control nurse and quality improvement (QI) team formations were implement in different Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles. Reduction in the "incidence of phlebitis and infiltration" was outcome measures while "scores on checklist of IV line insertion and IV line maintenance and administration of drugs" were process measures. RESULT: The process measures, for IV line insertion, maintenance and administration of drugs through IV line, revealed an increase in scores on the checklist. There was a significant decrease in the incidence of infiltration and phlebitis from 82.9 and 96.1% to 45 and 55%, respectively, postimplementation of all PDSA cycles. CONCLUSION: Multifaceted QI IV line insertion and maintenance bundle reduced the incidence of infiltration and phlebitis. These interventions when integrated into daily work bundles along with continuous education and motivation help in sustaining the goal and attaining long-term success. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Singh N, Kalyan G, Kaur S, Jayashree M, Ghai S. Quality Improvement Initiative to Reduce Intravenous Line-related Infiltration and Phlebitis Incidence in Pediatric Emergency Room. Indian J Crit Care Med 2021;25(5):557-565.

Glycogen Phosphorylase BB: A more Sensitive and Specific Marker than Other Cardiac Markers for Early Diagnosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Cardiac markers are used to evaluate functions of heart. However, there are no satisfactory cardiac biomarkers for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) within 4 h of onset of chest pain. Among novel cardiac markers, glycogen phosphorylase BB (GPBB) is of particular interest as it is increased in the early hours after AMI. The present study was conducted with the objective to find out the sensitivity and specificity of GPBB over other cardiac markers i.e. myoglobin and CKMB in patients of AMI within 4 h after the onset of chest pain. The study includes 100 AMI patients and 100 normal healthy individuals as controls. In all the cases and controls, serum GPBB and myoglobin concentrations were measured by ELISA where as CK-MB was measured by diagnostic kit supplied by ERBA. The sensitivity and specificity of glycogen phosphorylase BB (GPBB) were greater than CK-MB and myoglobin in patients of AMI within 4 h after the onset of chest pain. Hence, glycogen phosphorylase BB (GPBB) can be used as additional biomarker for the early diagnosis of AMI.

ZAP1-mediated modulation of triacylglycerol levels in yeast by transcriptional control of mitochondrial fatty acid biosynthesis.

The transcriptional activator Zap1p maintains zinc homeostasis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this study, we examined the role of Zap1p in triacylglycerol (TAG) metabolism. The expression of ETR1 is reduced in zap1Δ. The altered expression of ETR1 results in reduced mitochondrial fatty acid biosynthesis and reduction in lipoic acid content in zap1Δ. The transcription factor Zap1 positively regulates ETR1 expression. Deletion of ETR1 also causes the accumulation of TAG, and the introduction of ETR1 in zap1Δ strain rescues the TAG level. These results demonstrated that the compromised mitochondrial fatty acid biosynthesis causes a reduction in lipoic acid and loss of mitochondrial function in zap1Δ. Functional mitochondria are required for the ATP production and defect in mitochondria slow down the process which may channeled carbon towards lipid biosynthesis and stored in the form of TAG.

Effect of zinc deprivation on the lipid metabolism of budding yeast.

Zinc is an essential micronutrient for all living cells. It serves as a structural and catalytic cofactor for numerous proteins, hence maintaining a proper level of cellular zinc is essential for normal functioning of the cell. Zinc homeostasis is sustained through various ways under severe zinc-deficient conditions. Zinc-dependent proteins play an important role in biological systems and limitation of zinc causes a drastic change in their expression. In budding yeast, a zinc-responsive transcription factor Zap1p controls the expression of genes required for uptake and mobilization of zinc under zinc-limiting conditions. It also regulates the polar lipid levels under zinc-limiting conditions to maintain membrane integrity. Deletion of ZAP1 causes an increase in triacylglyerol levels which is due to the increased biosynthesis of acetate that serves as a precursor for triacylglycerol biosynthesis. In this review, we expanded our recent work role of Zap1p in nonpolar lipid metabolism of budding yeast.

PHO4 transcription factor regulates triacylglycerol metabolism under low-phosphate conditions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, PHM8 encodes a phosphatase that catalyses the dephosphorylation of lysophosphatidic acids to monoacylglycerol and nucleotide monophosphate to nucleoside and releases free phosphate. In this report, we investigated the role of PHM8 in triacylglycerol metabolism and its transcriptional regulation by a phosphate responsive transcription factor Pho4p under low-phosphate conditions. We found that the wild-type (BY4741) cells accumulate triacylglycerol and the expression of PHM8 was high under low-phosphate conditions. Overexpression of PHM8 in the wild-type, phm8Δ and quadruple phosphatase mutant (pah1Δdpp1Δlpp1Δapp1Δ) caused an increase in the triacylglycerol levels. However, the introduction of the PHM8 deletion into the quadruple phosphatase mutant resulted in a reduction in triacylglycerol levels and LPA phosphatase activity. The transcriptional activator Pho4p binds to the PHM8 promoter under low-phosphate conditions, activating PHM8 expression, which leads to the formation of monoacylglycerol from LPA. The synthesized monoacylglycerol is acylated to diacylglycerol by Dga1p, which is further acylated to triacylglycerol by the same enzyme.

Responses to phosphate deprivation in yeast cells.

Inorganic phosphate is an essential nutrient because it is required for the biosynthesis of nucleotides, phospholipids and metabolites in energy metabolism. During phosphate starvation, phosphatases play a major role in phosphate acquisition by hydrolyzing phosphorylated macromolecules. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, PHM8 (YER037W), a lysophosphatidic acid phosphatase, plays an important role in phosphate acquisition by hydrolyzing lysophosphatidic acid and nucleotide monophosphate that results in accumulation of triacylglycerol and nucleotides under phosphate limiting conditions. Under phosphate limiting conditions, it is transcriptionally regulated by Pho4p, a phosphate-responsive transcription factor. In this review, we focus on triacylglycerol metabolism in transcription factors deletion mutants involved in phosphate metabolism and propose a link between phosphate and triacylglycerol metabolism. Deletion of these transcription factors results in an increase in triacylglycerol level. Based on these observations, we suggest that PHM8 is responsible for the increase in triacylglycerol in phosphate metabolising gene deletion mutants.

The Trend of C-Reactive Protein After Corticosteroid Therapy in COVID-19 Patients Admitted to IGIMS, Patna.

BACKGROUND: C-reactive protein (CRP) is a routine inflammation biomarker. Increased CRP levels are correlated with COVID-19. We found a marked reduction in CRP concentration on corticosteroid therapy, which in turn led to reduced mortality and duration of hospital stay. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, CRP levels were measured on admission and at 72 hours and compared between two groups of patients, with and without corticosteroid therapy. The study sample consisted of 105 RT-PCR-confirmed patients admitted to the ICU of the COVID ward. Out of the total patients, 57 received one or more doses of dexamethasone in addition to usual treatment, and 48 were given only usual care. RESULT: CRP at the time of admission was comparable for both groups. Also, a significant decrease in the CRP was noted in both groups 72 hours post-admission. Moreover, the decline was more marked in the steroid-administered group (CRP-baseline: 34.3mg/dL (+/-8.44), CRP at 72 hours 18.5mg/dL(+/-7.95) (p <0.00) compared to non-steroid group (CRP_baseline: 34.04mg/dL (+/-10.06), CRP at 72. Those with comorbidities were administered steroids (n=38, 66.7%) compared to those who were not (n=08, 16.7%). The average duration of hospital stay was less (5 to 7 days) in the corticosteroid-administered group compared to the other group (7 to 10 days). CONCLUSION: Routine CRP tests can predict the outcome and treatment of severe coronavirus disease. Corticosteroid treatment in COVID-19 patients is associated with reduced CRP levels within 72 hours after therapy.

The synthetic oleanane triterpenoid CDDO-2P-Im binds GRP78/BiP to induce unfolded protein response-mediated apoptosis in myeloma.

Synthetic oleanane triterpenoids (SOTs) are small molecules with broad anticancer properties. A recently developed SOT, 1-[2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oyl]-4(-pyridin-2-yl)-1H-imidazole (CDDO-2P-Im or '2P-Im'), exhibits enhanced activity and improved pharmacokinetics over CDDO-Im, a previous generation SOT. However, the mechanisms leading to these properties are not defined. Here, we show the synergy of 2P-Im and the proteasome inhibitor ixazomib in human multiple myeloma (MM) cells and 2P-Im activity in a murine model of plasmacytoma. RNA sequencing and quantitative reverse transcription PCR revealed the upregulation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in MM cells upon 2P-lm treatment, implicating the activation of the UPR as a key step in 2P-Im-induced apoptosis. Supporting this hypothesis, the deletion of genes encoding either protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) or DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein (DDIT3; also known as CHOP) impaired the MM response to 2P-Im, as did treatment with ISRIB, integrated stress response inhibitor, which inhibits UPR signaling downstream of PERK. Finally, both drug affinity responsive target stability and thermal shift assays demonstrated direct binding of 2P-Im to endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP (GRP78/BiP), a stress-inducible key signaling molecule of the UPR. These data reveal GRP78/BiP as a novel target of SOTs, and specifically of 2P-Im, and suggest the potential broader utility of this class of small molecules as modulators of the UPR.

Study of changes in antioxidant enzymes status in diabetic post menopausal group of women suffering from cardiovascular complications.

BACKGROUND: In type 2 diabetic patients, persistence of hyperglycemia has been reported as a cause of increased production of oxygen free radicals (FR), which leads to oxidative stress (OS) and becomes the main factor for predisposition to the cardiovascular complications in diabetes. Diabetic postmenopausal women are prone to cardiovascular disease due to reduced production of estrogen which is a potent antioxidant and prevents oxidative stress (OS) in body. The study is being aimed to find out the status of antioxidant enzymes (AOEs) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in post-menopausal diabetic women. METHODS: The study was conducted with a total of 70 cases, which included 35 Type 2 diabetic post-menopausal females (45 - 60 years) with diabetic CVD complication as the study group and 35 age matched type 2 diabetic postmenopausal females without CVD complication. RESULTS: All diabetic post menopausal females with CVD had significantly higher levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), postprandial plasma glucose (PPPG), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) and significantly lower levels of HDL-C, reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as compared to the levels of control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: During menopause, reduced production of estrogen causes hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, and hyperlipoproteinemia whose oxidation causes the accumulation of FR in the cell, which precipitates OS. Also, type 2 diabetic subjects with CVD poor glycemic control and impaired AOEs result in increased oxidative injury by failure of protective mechanisms, which further leads to oxidative stress.

Use of Ceftriaxone as a Predictor of Good Outcome in Stroke Patients: A Retrospective Chart Review.

Background: Whether ceftriaxone (CEFT) has any added advantage other than its antibiotics effect in stroke as a neuroprotective agent is not known, and this forms the base of this study. Purpose: We tried to assess the predictive role of the use of CEFT with respect to outcome in stroke patients. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted from a stroke registry over consecutive stroke patients admitted at a tertiary teaching institute from January 2017 to December 2018. Patients were categorized into three groups on the basis of antibiotics they received; patients without antibiotic treatment (NAB), piperacillin plus tazobactam treatment, and the CEFT treatment group. The outcome was assessed by the modified Rankin Scale at three months in good (0-3) and poor outcomes (4-6). Results: A total of 390 stroke patients were analyzed with ages ranging between 20 and 95 years and 151 of them were females. It was found that the severity at three months was significantly lower in those patients who were given CEFT antibiotic (P = 0.04; OR = 0.626; 95% CI [0.396, 0.990]). Conclusion: Stroke patients in CEFT-treated group have a better outcome compared to piperacillin-tazobactam therapy or without antibiotics use at three months. This study indicates the possibility of an additional neuroprotective effect of CEFT apart from its antibacterial property.

Prevalence, Etiology, and Associated Symptoms of Vaginal Discharge During Pregnancy in Women Seen in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bihar.

Introduction Vaginal discharge is the most frequent complaint during pregnancy, leading to numerous complications in both the mother and fetus. Aim The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of vaginal discharge, investigate its common infectious causes and associated symptoms during pregnancy. Methods This hospital-based cross-sectional study performed over one year evaluated 200 expectant mothers with vaginal discharge at any trimester in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, in cooperation with the Microbiology section, of Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Science, Patna. Results The mean age of the mothers was 26.84±5.51 years (range 19-42 years). Most of the patients (47.5%) were in the age group of 26-35 years, belonged to the lower socioeconomic class (67.5%), gravida 3 or more (43.5%), and presented in the third trimester. The prevalence of pathological discharge in pregnancy was 148/308 (48.05%). A positive culture was obtained in 105 (52.5%), and negative culture was obtained in 95 (47.5%). Vaginal candidiasis was diagnosed in most cases (37.5%), followed by aerobic vaginitis (15%), trichomoniasis (13.0%), and bacterial vaginosis (8.5%). The non-pathological discharge was diagnosed in 26.0%. Dysuria was the most common symptom (32.5%), followed by itching (27.5%) and urinary tract infection (UTI; 10.0%). The following variables were significantly associated (P<0.05) with discharge: age (in years), age group, gravida, culture, organism isolated on culture, UTI as a symptom, and diagnosis. Conclusion Expectant mothers presenting with vaginal discharge need to be evaluated to identify the etiology and allow timely treatment, which might be helpful in preventing complications.

Lipid profile as an indicator of COVID-19 severity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic. Studies reported dyslipidemia in patients with COVID-19. Herein, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published articles to evaluate the association of the lipid profile with the severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients. METHODS: PubMed/Medline, Europe PMC, and Google Scholar were searched for studies published between January 1, 2020 and January 13, 2021. Random or Fixed effects models were used to calculate the mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q test and I2 statistics. RESULTS: This meta-analysis included 19 studies. Of which, 12 studies were categorized by severity, 04 studies by mortality, and 03 studies by both severity and mortality. Our findings revealed significantly decreased levels of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the severe group when compared with the non-severe group in a random effect model. Similarly, random effect model results demonstrated significantly lower levels of HDL-C and LDL-C in the non-survivor group when compared with the survivor group. The level of TC was also found to be decreased in the non-survivor group when compared to the survivor group in a fixed-effect model. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the lipid profile is associated with both the severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Hence, the lipid profile may be used for assessing the severity and prognosis of COVID-19. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42021216316.

Wild type p53-dependent transcriptional upregulation of cathepsin L expression is mediated by C/EBPα in human glioblastoma cells.

Mutations in the tumor suppressor gene p53 are frequent in human glioblastomas. Similarly cathepsin L, a lysosomal cysteine protease, is overexpressed and secreted by most human tumors including glioblastomas. However, hitherto there is no information on whether or not the mutation(s) in the p53 gene affect(s) expression of this protease. Using human glioblastoma cell lines harboring wild type and mutant p53, we demonstrate here for the first time that only the wild type but not the mutant p53 upregulates cathepsin L expression. By transfection of promoter reporter constructs, site-directed mutagenesis and chip assays we have established that wild type p53 elevates the levels of cathepsin L in these cells. It does so directly by binding to the cathepsin L promoter and also indirectly by inducing the expression of C/EBPα, which is crucial for the transcription of this protease. In view of its role in tumorigenesis, angiogenesis and tumor cell invasion, increased expression of cathepsin L in glioblastoma cells harboring wild type p53 might confer invasive ability and growth advantage to these cells. Therefore, use of cathepsin L inhibitors could prove useful in the management of these tumors.

Developing non-isocyanate urethane-methacrylate photo-monomers for 3D printing application.

Urethane-methacrylate photo-monomers were prepared via a non-isocyanate route for the 3D printing application. The monomers were synthesized through reacting aliphatic amines, i.e. 1,6-hexanediamine, 1,4-butanediol bis(3-aminopropyl) ether, or n-butylamine, with cyclic carbonates, i.e. ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate, followed by the methacrylation of the generated hydroxylurethanes. The effects of the chemical structure of monomers on their photo-reactivity and physicomechanical properties of the cured samples were studied. Propylene carbonate generated side methyl groups within the urethane block, which significantly limited the crystallization of the monomers resulting in high photo-reactivity (R p,max = 6.59 × 10-2 s-1) and conversion (DBCtotal = 85%). The ether bonds of 1,4-butanediol bis(3-aminopropyl) ether decreased the intermolecular hydrogen bonding between urethane blocks, which not only improved the photo-reactivity (R p,max = 8.18 × 10-2 s-1) and conversion (DBCtotal = 86%) of the monomer but led to a high crosslinking density (ν c = 5140 mol m-3) and more flexibility for the cured sample. An ink was developed based on the monomers and successfully 3D printed on a digital light processing machine. In the absence of toxic isocyanates and tin compounds, the non-isocyanate route can be employed to develop urethane-methacrylates with desirable photo-reactivity and physicomechanical properties as good candidates to formulate inks for 3D printing of biomedical materials.

Postpartum hemorrhage care bundles to improve adherence to guidelines: A WHO technical consultation.

OBJECTIVE: To systematically develop evidence-based bundles for care of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). METHODS: An international technical consultation was conducted in 2017 to develop draft bundles of clinical interventions for PPH taken from the WHO's 2012 and 2017 PPH recommendations and based on the validated "GRADE Evidence-to-Decision" framework. Twenty-three global maternal-health experts participated in the development process, which was informed by a systematic literature search on bundle definitions, designs, and implementation experiences. Over a 6-month period, the expert panel met online and via teleconferences, culminating in a 2-day in-person meeting. RESULTS: The consultation led to the definition of two care bundles for facility implementation. The "first response to PPH bundle" comprises uterotonics, isotonic crystalloids, tranexamic acid, and uterine massage. The "response to refractory PPH bundle" comprises compressive measures (aortic or bimanual uterine compression), the non-pneumatic antishock garment, and intrauterine balloon tamponade (IBT). Advocacy, training, teamwork, communication, and use of best clinical practices were defined as PPH bundle supporting elements. CONCLUSION: For the first response bundle, further research should assess its feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness; and identify optimal implementation strategies. For the response to refractory bundle, further research should address pending controversies, including the operational definition of refractory PPH and effectiveness of IBT devices.

Association of myeloperoxidase with cardiovascular disease risk factors in prediabetic subjects.

INTRODUCTION: Prediabetes is a chronic low-grade inflammatory disease and considered as a risk factor for the development of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a leukocyte-derived enzyme, linked to both oxidative stress and inflammation and has been proposed as a possible mediator of atherosclerosis, the major cause of cardiovascular disease. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the level of MPO in prediabetic subjects and correlate it with other cardiovascular disease risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 400 subjects were recruited. Of them, 200 were prediabetic subjects and 200 were age and gender-matched controls. For each subject, blood pressure, weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference and lipid parameters were measured. In addition, MPO was determined. RESULTS: MPO was significantly increased in prediabetic subjects as compared to controls. In correlation analysis, MPO was found to be significantly and positively correlated with all the cardiovascular disease risk factors i.e. age, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), blood pressure [both systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)], lipid parameters except high density lipoprotein (HDL) to which it was negatively correlated. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, MPO is well correlated with cardiovascular disease risk factors in prediabetes. Hence, MPO could be used to detect cardiovascular risk among prediabetic subjects and also can be used as an early biomarker of oxidative stress and inflammation in prediabetes.

Health risks and interventions in prediabetes: A review.

Prediabetes is a condition which appears prior to the development of diabetes in which blood glucose is abnormally high but do not reach the diagnostic threshold of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is characterized by a cluster of metabolic abnormalities viz. dysglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, physical inactivity, obesity, insulin resistance, procoagulant state, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation, placing prediabetic subjects to an increased risk for diabetes and its complications. Recent studies demonstrate that complications of diabetes i.e. microvascular and macrovascular complications may manifest in some prediabetic subjects. This article reviews prediabetes-related risk factors and health issues. In addition, this article also highlights the interventions to prevent the development of diabetes in prediabetic subjects.

Cross-sectional correlates of oxidative stress and inflammation with glucose intolerance in prediabetes.

BACKGROUND: Prediabetes is a condition in which blood glucose level is above the normal but below the diagnostic value of diabetes mellitus. Besides progression to diabetes mellitus, prediabetic subjects are at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). It is associated with oxidative stress and inflammation and therefore this research was conducted with the aim to evaluate the risk of cardiovascular disease in prediabetic subjects by measuring the markers of oxidative stress and inflammation and their possible correlation with glucose intolerance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 400 human subjects were recruited for the present cross-sectional study. Of them, 200 were prediabetic subjects and 200 were age and gender-matched control subjects. Blood samples were collected from all participants and analyzed for 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxy-guanosine (8-OHdG), malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). RESULTS: The markers of oxidative stress i.e. 8-OHdG and MDA were found to be significantly increased in prediabetic subjects as compared to control subjects except GSH, which was significantly reduced in prediabetic subjects. Similarly, hs-CRP (a marker of inflammation) was significantly increased in prediabetic subjects compared to controls. On correlation analysis, 8-OHdG, MDA and hs-CRP were significantly and positively correlated with glucose intolerance in prediabetes whereas GSH showed significant negative correlation with glucose intolerance. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, markers of oxidative stress and inflammation should be taken into consideration while evaluating the risk for CVD in prediabetes since these markers were well correlated with glucose intolerance in prediabetic subjects.