[Treatment tactics by frostbites].

317 patients with frostbitten limb injuries of various severity were healed. A differential treatment tactics were worked out, basing on localization, area, time of frost exposure and concurrent vascular disease. Surgical treatment of IV stage congelation stipulates early necrectomy by lower limbs affection, whereas, congelation of the upper limbs requires delayed necrectomy; both should be followed by appropriate wound healing and early reconstructive operations. Indications for primary amputations by deep congelation were formulated.

Semantic encoding by mildly retarded and non-retarded individuals.

Three comparable groups of mildly retarded individuals were required to encode words according to one of the levels of processing paradigm, a distinctiveness of encoding paradigm or a control condition in which encoding was not influenced in any manner. Their performance on an immediate but unexpected recognition task was compared to that of three comparable groups of equal-MA and three comparable groups of equal-CA individuals. The equal-CA group was the only group advantaged by both the levels of processing (LOP) and the distinctiveness of encoding (DOE) manipulations. The solid performance of the equal-MA subjects in the control, the LOP and the DOE conditions was attributed to the efficient use of episodic memory. The poor performance of the mildly retarded subjects across these conditions was attributed to the lack of semantic organization in permanent memory and to an inefficiency in the use of episodic memory.

Performance of adults with developmental handicaps on alternate forms of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test.

A total of 154 adults with developmental handicaps involved in a comprehensive community-based habilitation program were tested on alternate forms of the PPVT and PPVT--Revised to determine interest reliabilities. A comparison of response profiles indicated that there was a significant degree of correspondence in general performance using alternate forms (p less than .0001). This correspondence was maintained regardless of whether overall raw score or mental age equivalents were used. However, a comparison of performance on individual test items that were identical on alternate forms showed less consistent results. Particular aspects of the administration and structure of the PPVT/PPVT-R and response characteristics of individuals with developmental handicaps are suggested as being important factors in test administration and interpretation with this population.