Consensus paper on postural dysfunction: recommendations for prevention, diagnosis and therapy.

Good fundamentals of posture and balance are essential for the efficient performance of both simple daily tasks and more complex movement patterns. In particular, postural balance is the ability to keep the body in equilibrium and to regain balance after the shift of body segments: postural control mechanisms of integration of the visual, vestibular and foot afferential channels contribute to this. This document provides recommendations based on scientific evidence, clinical practice, and consensus between experts concerning the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of postural dysfunction at the three stages of life as the developmental age, adult age, and old age > 65 years and follows the "National Guidelines on Classification and Measuring of Posture and its Dysfunctions" per the Italian Ministry of Health (December 2017). The paper answers four main questions: i) "Which measures can be adopted to prevent postural dysfunctions?" ii) "What can we do in order to make a correct diagnosis of postural dysfunction?" iii) "What are the correct treatment programs for postural dysfunctions?" iv) Which professional competencies and experiences are useful for preventing, diagnosing and treating postural dysfunctions? By the Consensus of the Experts and the scientific evidence, emerge that the approach to postural dysfunctions requires a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary team. Furthermore, rehabilitation treatment interventions must be specific to the age groups that have been indicated, to consider the integration of the main systems and subsystems of postural control that change with age.

Medical Safety.

At present, the concept of national security has also acquired a medical dimension, because the political and economic security of a country can be threatened also by the rapidity with which infectious diseases spread in the present global world or by the impact of climatic changes. The present paper intends to illustrate the main threats to/for population health, international organizations and their regulations in the field of medical security, the impact of epidemics on the population, economy and health systems, methods to prevent pandemics, as well as the situations in which the post-communist Romanian health system impacted politically the country image at national and international level. The improvement of the health infrastructure in Romania, motivating the medical personnel by creating better working and payment conditions, as well as the recent experience of other states in the epidemics that occurred in Asia and Africa can all contribute to the successful management of medical emergencies and infectious outbreaks.

Evaluation of student perception of the lecture "oral functional medical rehabilitation: balneophysiotherapy".

UNLABELLED: Th aim of the study was to assess this course as perceived by the 6th year dentistry students. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Applying and validating the "Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM)" for the first time in Romania. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The reliability of the test according to Cronbach alpha method, which measures the internal consistency of a test, was 0.87 (Cronbach alpha coefficient should be above 0.70). As to the reliability coefficients (internal consistency) for each test subscale and for the entire test, DREEM proved a very good overall reliability, with alpha = 0.89. The reliability of each DREEM subscale was also analyzed. The DREEM test results, with a global score of 149, indicate a "more positive than negative" perception (score between 101 and 150). CONCLUSIONS: The DREEM test showed that the assessment and treatment of pain in dental-maxillary pathology and TMJ dysfunctions through medical rehabilitation by means of balneophysiotherapy is of interest to final year dental medicine students. As a student-teacher partnership, modern education cannot ignore the practical needs of students and should add to their theoretical training with courses and practical training programs necessary in their future profession.

[Study of bioelectrical properties of acupuncture areas]. / Contributii la studiul proprietatilor bioelectrice a zonelor de acupunctura.

The research has as a goal the investigation of the bioelectrical behaviour of the acupunctural areas in order to obtain a scientific substantiation of the correspondence between the extreme--eastern medical tradition and the academical medicine. It is obvious that the Chinese traditional medicine knows a certain mechanism of ensurance of homeostasis of the organisms, a mechanism represented, according to the Chinese medical tradition, by the net of acupuncture points and meridians. The experimental data presented in this paper lead to the discovery of the fact that this net works as the fourth system of integration, the electrical--regulator one. The maintenance of the internal homeostasis of the superior organisms and their adaptation to the environment is ensured by the neuro-endocrine and circulatory systems through a mechanism described by Selye under the name of the Uncertain General Syndrome of Adaptation represented by the hypothalamo-hypophyso-corticoadrenal axis. The evolution of these systems and of their mechanisms can be supervised on the basis of the cortisole concentration. The research emphasized the direct proportionality between the cortisone levels and the variation of the electrical values of the acupuncture points, a fact that demonstrates the involvement of the net of acupuncture points and meridians in the maintenance processes of the homeostasis, control, adjustment and adaptation of the living organisms. Additionally, the analysis of the bioelectrical behavior of the acupuncture areas led to the conclusion that the morpho-functional substrate of this net is the conjunctive tissue. The physical-chemical properties of the interstitial connective tissue assures its working as an electro-regulator system on one side and as a harmonization agent of the neuro-endocrine and circulatory systems on the other side, this aspect being to be developed in a future paper.

[The implications of cervical spine degenerative and traumatic diseases in the pathogenesis of cervical vertigo and hearing loss]. / Implicatiile bolilor degenerative si traumatice ale coloanei cervicale in geneza vertijului cervical si a hipoacuziei.

AIM: Cervical spine together with vestibular system,visual system and proprioceptive afferents plays an important role in mentaining balance. Spine damage causes distortions in transmitting informations to the brain,favoring vertigo. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The authors point out the occurrence of positional vertigo on 23 patients (20 patients with cervical spondylosis and 3 patients with cervical spine injury) due to blood flow disturbance through vertebral artery. RESULTS: The mechano-receptors located in intervertebral disks and cervical spine muscles are activated by column movement. Changes of blood flow in the vertebral and basilar arteries are showed up by cervical X-Rays, intracranial Doppler ultrasound or angio-MRI, an audiogram marking out the degree of hearing loss or tinnitus occurence. ENT complex treatment outcomes are analyzed and balneo-physio-therapy performed in order to improve vertigo and hearing loss. CONCLUSIONS: Stress beside muscle overload and cervical spine injures causes alteration in the ear blood-flow circulation that leads to hearing loss, vertigo and tinnitus. It emphasies the need for collaboration between balneologist and ENT specialist in solving balance and hearing disorders with cervicogenic cause.

[Subablative gentamycin therapy in Menière's disease]. / Subablative Gentamicintherapie bei M. Menière.

We have treated 20 patients suffering from unilateral Morbus Meniere (2 x 12 mg gentamicin for 7 days). These patients were controlled for 24 months. In 95% we regarded a complete or substantial control of definitive spells ("American Committee on Hearing and Equilibrium guidelines for reporting treatment results in Meniere's disease", Otolaryngol. Head and Neck Surg. 10/19-85). Only 1 patient with pretherapeutic equal caloric response showed a post-therapeutic destroyed vestibular apparatus on the treated ear. In the other 7 patients (35%), who had a loss of vestibular function after therapy, there was an already pretherapeutic more or less noticeable caloric hypoexcitability. It is possible to induce an only subablative damage with a clinical success in 95%.

[Considerations regarding two cases of macromastia (author's transl)]. / Uber die Makromastie bei zwei klinischen Fällen.

Two cases of macromastia have been shown; one which appeared during puberty, the other during menopause. Histopathological examination has demonstrated for the both cases a cystic degeneracy of the glandular tissue with a hyperplazia and hypertrophy of the conjunctive tissue. The pathogeny of macromastia is being discussed and it is demonstrated both the role of hypophysis hormones (prolactine and growth hormone) and of ovarian hormones (estrogens). The treatment was surgical for the both cases.

Chemical sclerosis of the adrenal medulla with sodium salyclate (2.5 M) - histopathologic, histoenzymatic, electron microscopic and biochemical studies.

The selective inhibitory effect of sodium salicylate (2.5 M) on the adrenal medulla was investigated histopathologically, histoenzymatically, electron microscopically and biochemically. It was proved that the different behaviour of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) linked dehydrogenases under the action of sodium salicylate can account for the survival of cortical cells, while the medullar ones are necrosed.