Self-Correction or Other-Correction: The Effects of Source Consistency and Ways of Correction on Sharing Intention of Health Misinformation Correction.

The spread of misinformation, especially health-related misinformation has raised concerns globally. As an immediate remedy, fact-checking has been identified as an important solution. Adopting a 2 (source credibility: high vs. low) × 2 (source consistency: consistent vs. inconsistent) × 3 (ways of correction: human fact-checking vs. AI fact-checking vs. simple rebuttal) factorial design experiment (N = 754), this study examined how ways of correction and source consistency may affect individuals' intentions to share health misinformation correction on social media on two health topics: sunscreen safety and vaccine safety. Results showed that human and AI fact-checking correction elicited higher sharing intention compared to simple rebuttal. Correction coming from a different source than the original misinformation source elicited higher sharing intention, compared to correction from the same source. Perceived correction source credibility mediated the effects of ways of correction and source consistency on correction sharing intention. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.

Hydrogen-Bond-Network Breakdown Boosts Selective CO2 Photoreduction by Suppressing H2 Evolution.

Conventional strategies for highly efficient and selective CO2 photoreduction focus on the design of catalysts and cocatalysts. In this study, we discover that hydrogen bond network breakdown in reaction system can suppress H2 evolution, thereby improving CO2 photoreduction performance. Photosensitive poly(ionic liquid)s are designed as photocatalysts owing to their strong hydrogen bonding with solvents. The hydrogen bond strength is tuned by solvent composition, thereby effectively regulating H2 evolution (from 0 to 12.6 mmol g-1 h-1). No H2 is detected after hydrogen bond network breakdown with trichloromethane or tetrachloromethane as additives. CO production rate and selectivity increase to 35.4 mmol g-1 h-1 and 98.9 % with trichloromethane, compared with 0.6 mmol g-1 h-1 and 26.2 %, respectively, without trichloromethane. Raman spectroscopy and theoretical calculations confirm that trichloromethane broke the systemic hydrogen bond network and subsequently suppressed H2 evolution. This hydrogen bond network breakdown strategy may be extended to other catalytic reactions involving H2 evolution.

Contact-Electro-Catalysis for Direct Oxidation of Methane under Ambient Conditions.

The conversion of methane under ambient conditions has attracted significant attention. Although advancements have been made using active oxygen species from photo- and electro- chemical processes, challenges such as complex catalyst design, costly oxidants, and unwanted byproducts remain. This study exploits the concept of contact-electro-catalysis, initiating chemical reactions through charge exchange at a solid-liquid interface, to report a novel process for directly converting methane under ambient conditions. Utilizing the electrification of commercially available Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene (FEP) with water under ultrasound, we demonstrate how this interaction promote the activation of methane and oxygen molecules. Our results show that the yield of HCHO and CH3OH can reach 467.5 and 151.2 µmol ⋅ gcat -1, respectively. We utilized electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) to confirm the evolution of hydroxyl radicals (⋅OH) and superoxide radicals (⋅OOH). Isotope mass spectrometry (MS) was employed to analyze the elemental origin of CH3OH, which can be further oxidized to HCHO. Additionally, we conducted density functional theory (DFT) simulations to assess the reaction energies of FEP with H2O, O2, and CH4 under these conditions. The implications of this methodology, with its potential applicability to a wider array of gas-phase catalytic reactions, underscore a significant advance in catalysis.

Nb2 CTx MXene Derived Polymorphic Nb2 O5.

Previously, heat treatment was the only feasible route for tuning the crystal phases of niobium pentoxide (Nb2 O5 ). With the use of Nb2 CTx MXene precursors, the first case of phase tuning of Nb2 O5 in the low-temperature hydrothermal synthesis using sulfuric acid regulating agents is presented. By varying the amount of the agent, four pure-phase Nb2 O5 crystals and mixed phases in-between are obtained. The required amount is found to be related to the H-covered surface energy calculated based on density functional theory. Overall, MXene-derived B-phase Nb2 O5 is of particular interest due to its exceptionally high capacities as lithium-ion battery anodes, which are three times higher than the routine synthesized one. Oxygen vacancies induced by crystallographic shear would be responsible for the extraordinary performance. The proposed phase tuning strategy encourages the prudent synthesis of difficult-to-obtain crystal phases.

First-principles study of CO2 hydrogenation to formic acid on single-atom catalysts supported on SiO2.

The hydrogenation of CO2 into valuable chemical fuels reduces the atmospheric CO2 content and also has broad economic prospects. Support is essential for catalysts, but many of the reported support materials cannot meet the requirements of accessibility and durability. Herein, we theoretically designed a series of single-atom noble metals anchored on a SiO2 surface for CO2 hydrogenation using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Through theoretical evaluation of the formation energy, hydrogen dissociation capacity, and activity of CO2 hydrogenation, we found that Ru@SiO2 is a promising candidate for CO2 hydrogenation to formic acid. The energy barrier of the rate-determining step of the entire conversion process is 23.9 kcal mol-1; thus, the reaction can occur under mild conditions. In addition, active and stable origins were revealed through electronic structure analysis. The charge of the metal atom is a good descriptor of the catalytic activity. The Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) between metal charge and its CO2 hydrogenation barrier is 0.99. Two solvent models were also used to investigate hydrogen spillover processes and the reaction path was searched by the climbing image nudged-elastic-band (CI-NEB) method. The results indicated that the explicit solvent model could not be simplified into a few solvent molecules, leading to a large difference in the reaction paths. This work will serve as a reference for the future design of more efficient catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation.

Digital-intellectual design of microporous organic polymers.

Microporous organic polymers (MOPs) are a new class of microporous materials. Due to their high porosity, large pore volume, and large surface area, MOPs exhibit excellent performance in gas adsorption and storage, membrane separation, ion capture, heterogeneous catalysis, light energy conversion and storage, capacitance, and other fields. However, selecting high-performance materials for specific applications from thousands of candidate MOPs is a key problem. Traditional design strategies for new materials with targeted properties, including trial-and-error and relying on the experiences of domain experts, are time- and cost-consuming. With the rapid development of computation technology and theoretical chemistry, the discovery of new materials is no longer a purely experimental subject. Breaking away from the traditional trial-and-error strategy for materials discovery, materials design is emerging and gaining increasing attention. In addition, the ability to collect "big data" has greatly improved and has further stimulated the development of new methods for materials design and discovery. In this perspective, we examine how data-driven techniques combine artificial intelligence (AI) and human expertise, playing a significant role in the design of MOPs. Such analytics can significantly reduce time-to-insight and accelerate the cost-effective materials discovery, which is the goal for designing future MOPs.

Protocol for ambient CO2 capture and conversion into HCOOH and NH4H2PO4.

CO2 capture and utilization into liquid fuels and high-added-value chemicals has been regarded as an attractive strategy to mitigate excessive carbon emissions. Here, we present a protocol to capture and convert CO2 into pure formic acid (HCOOH) solution and solid fertilizer (NH4H2PO4). We describe steps for synthesis of an IRMOF3-derived carbon-supported PdAu heterogeneous catalyst (PdAu/CN-NH2), which can efficiently catalyze (NH4)2CO3-captured CO2 into formate under ambient conditions. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Jiang et al. (2023).1.

Cs2 SnCl6 : To Emit or to Catalyze? Te4+ Ion Calls the Shots.

A low concentration of Te4+ doping is found to be capable of endowing the lead-free Cs2 SnCl6 perovskites with excellent photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), while further increasing Te4+ concentration leads to PLQY deterioration. The mechanism behind the improved PLQY is intensively studied and reported elsewhere. However, little work is conducted to understand the decreased PLQY at high doping levels and to explore its implications for non-PL-related applications. Here, it is demonstrated that the Te4+ -incorporated Cs2 SnCl6 can be promising candidate for efficient CO2 photocatalysis. An optimum photocatalytic performance is achieved when Te4+ concentration reaches as high as 50%, at which point significant PL quenching has occurred. Through a detailed spectral characterization, such concentration-dependent functionality is attributed to systematic changes in both electronic and local crystal structure, which allow a robust regulation of excitation energy relaxation channels. These findings expand the scope of available photocatalysts for CO2 reduction and also inform synthetic planning for the preparation of multifunctional Pb-free metal halide perovskites.

Rational Design of Synergistic Structure Between Single-Atoms and Nanoparticles for CO2 Hydrogenation to Formate Under Ambient Conditions.

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) as the new frontier in heterogeneous catalysis have attracted increasing attention. However, the rational design of SACs with high catalytic activities for specified reactions still remains challenging. Herein, we report the rational design of a Pd1-PdNPs synergistic structure on 2,6-pyridinedicarbonitrile-derived covalent triazine framework (CTF) as an efficient active site for CO2 hydrogenation to formate under ambient conditions. Compared with the catalysts mainly comprising Pd1 and PdNPs, this hybrid catalyst presented significantly improved catalytic activity. By regulating the ratio of Pd1 to PdNPs, we obtained the optimal catalytic activity with a formate formation rate of 3.66 molHCOOM·molPd -1·h-1 under ambient conditions (30°C, 0.1 MPa). Moreover, as a heterogeneous catalyst, this hybrid catalyst is easily recovered and exhibits about a 20% decrease in the catalytic activity after five cycles. These findings are significant in elucidating new rational design principles for CO2 hydrogenation catalysts with superior activity and may open up the possibilities of converting CO2 under ambient conditions.

Alkaloids constituents from the roots of Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. with their cytotoxic activities.

Two new alkaloids, phranisines A-B (1-2), along with two known compounds, N-p-Coumaroyl serotonin (3) and N-p-coumaroyl-tryptamine (4), were isolated from the roots of Phragmites australis. The structures of 1-4 were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic. The absolute configuration of compounds 1-2 were identified through quantum-chemical electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation compared with their experimental CD. All the isolated compounds were tested for their cytotoxic activities against HeLa and MCF-7 human cancer cell lines, and compounds 2-4 showed moderate cytotoxic activities against HeLa cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 13.2 to 18.6 µM.

Homoisoflavanone-1 isolated from Polygonatum odoratum arrests the cell cycle and induces apoptosis in A549 cells.

Homoisoflavanone-1 is a natural compound that may be extracted from the Chinese medicinal herb Polygonatum odoratum, which has pronounced antioxidant activities. The present study reports that homoisoflavanone-1 significantly inhibited tumor cell growth and induced apoptosis in A549 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells in a dose-dependent manner. Homoisoflavanone-1 arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M stage, which was associated with an increase in the accumulation of phosphorylated (p-)p38, p38, p53, and p-cyclin dependent kinase (Cdc)2 proteins, as well as a decrease in Cdc2 expression. In addition, treatment with homoisoflavanone-1 increased the levels of active caspase-3 and decreased Poly ADP-ribose polymerase, which was accompanied by a reduction in the B-cell lymphoma-2/Bak ratio and consequently, apoptosis. Furthermore, homoisoflavanone-1 increased the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related proteins, including PERK, ATF4 and GADD34 in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, homoisoflavanone-1 induced apoptosis in A549 cells by regulating the mitochondria-caspase-dependent and ER stress pathways and resulted in G2/M arrest by activating the p38/p53 signaling pathway. These findings suggest that homoisoflavanone-1 extracted from Polygonatum odoratum may function as a cancer-suppressing agent and has potential as a novel therapeutic method against NSCLC.

Application of cellulase treatment in ionic liquid based enzyme-assisted extraction in combine with in-situ hydrolysis process for obtaining genipin from Eucommia ulmoides Olive barks.

A new approach for ionic liquid based enzyme-assisted extraction coupled with in-situ hydrolysis (ILEIH) of geniposide from Eucommia ulmoides Olive barks is presented, in which enzymatic hydrolysis is used in an ionic liquid aqueous medium to prepare genipin. The method relied on the use of single cellulase to the extract and hydrolyze geniposide, which is performed continuously in the same system; genipin is easy in preparation with exempting the isolation and purification of geniposide. The mechanism of ILEIH procedure was discussed in detail to illustrate the advantage of ILEIH in the extraction process. 0.5 mol/L [C6mim]Cl aqueous solution was selected as extraction solvent. The optimum conditions of 140 min treatment time, 19.81 mL/g liquid-solid ratio, 5.15 mg/mL enzyme concentration and 5.0 pH value for the ILEIH process were obtained after investigating by single factor experiments and Box-Benhnken design in terms of the genipin increment. And the first-order kinetic model based on ß-glucosidase in the three reaction medium were established to study their impacts on the reaction rate. The proposed ILEIH method was validated by stability, repeatability, and recovery experiments and shows reliable data in the extraction and hydrolysis process. Therefore, this proposed approach is promising for the in-situ production of genipin and should be potentially applied to the obtaining of other active aglycons.