RESUMO
To investigate the incidence and explore the risk factors of venous thromboembolism (VTE) within 6 months after kidney transplantation. Total of 331 kidney transplant recipients were assessed by venous ultrasonography for VTE at 14 days, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months post-transplantation. Cox forward regression were used to identify the independent risk factors of VTE. This study registration number is ChiCTR1900020567 and the date of registration was 2019/01/08. The cumulative incidence of VTE was 2.72% (9/331) within 6 months after transplant. 77.8% (7/9) of VTEs occurred in the first 3 months post-transplantation. 88.9% (1/9) of VTEs were asymptomatic, 66.7% (6/9) of VTEs were mural thromboses and in the right lower extremity. Central vena catheterization (HR = 6.94) and severe pulmonary disease (including pneumonia) (HR = 57.35) were the risk factors for VTE in kidney transplantation recipients. KT patients are the high risk population of VTE. Future interventions should be strengthen for KT patients to receive a minimum of 3-month of precautionary measures for VTE, including infection prevention, and strengthening thromboprophylaxis on the CVC or transplanted side of lower extremity.
Assuntos
Transplante de Rim , Tromboembolia Venosa , Humanos , Tromboembolia Venosa/epidemiologia , Tromboembolia Venosa/etiologia , Tromboembolia Venosa/prevenção & controle , Anticoagulantes/uso terapêutico , Incidência , Estudos Prospectivos , Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Fatores de Risco , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Cadmium (Cd) is present in many soils and, when enter a food chain, represents a major health threat to humans. The existent large variation in grain Cd content amongst wheat genotypes opens prospects for genetic improvement for reduced Cd uptake in this species. However, selecting low-Cd-accumulating varieties comes with a possible caveat of affecting uptake other essential nutrients. In this work, we screened 134 wheat varieties in 3 various field studies and selected 15 high- and 15 low-Cd accumulating varieties in grains for ionomics analysis. Our results showed that high-Cd accumulating varieties also possessed an ability to accumulate mineral elements of calcium, magnesium, manganese, iron and zinc, while varieties with low Cd content were deficient in many essential nutrients and, especially, zinc (Zn). The above data was confirmed in an independent trail involving another 97 wheat varieties. Thus, selecting plants for high Zn accumulation (as a part of biofortification programs) resulted in an inadvertent increase in accumulation of the toxic Cd in wheat. Vice versa, selecting low Cd-accumulating varieties comes with a danger of reducing their Zn content, with major consequences to food quality and human health. We suggest that the above conundrum can be resolved by understanding the structure-function relations of various transporters isoforms involved in Zn and Cd transport and issue-specific mode of their operation, via cell-based phenotyping followed by molecular breeding.
Assuntos
Cádmio , Poluentes do Solo , Cádmio/análise , Grão Comestível/química , Humanos , Solo , Poluentes do Solo/análise , Triticum/genética , Zinco/análiseRESUMO
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To explore the efficacy of non-invasive blood pressure monitors on reducing clinical complications of peripheral intravenous catheters in renal transplant recipients. BACKGROUND: A peripheral intravenous catheter is a regular route of medication administration, but the incidence of complications such as infiltration, occlusion and phlebitis perpetuates in the clinical setting. DESIGN: This was a cohort study. METHODS: Patients were placed naturally into observation group or control group according to whether or not the two procedures (non-invasive blood pressure monitoring and peripheral intravenous catheters indwelling) were on the same arm. Univariate test and Cox regression model were used to estimate relative risk factors. The STROBE checklist was used to guide the submission. RESULTS: We identified 177 kidney recipient patients during the perioperative period with 440 peripheral intravenous catheters. There were incidences of 112 (25.5%) phlebitis, 137 (31.1%) occlusion and 150 (31.8%) infiltration. There was no significant difference between incidence of phlebitis, occlusion and infiltration between the observation group and the control group (p > .05). The observation group peripheral intravenous catheters indwelling time was 97.03 ± 6.76 hr, while it was 89.22 ± 9.55 hr for the control group. However, this difference was not significant between the two groups (p > .05). Cox risk regression showed that only a high BMI was a risk factor for peripheral intravenous catheters indwelling time. CONCLUSION: Non-invasive blood pressure monitoring did not increase complications or shorten PIVCs indwelling time among renal transplant recipients. BMI represented an independent risk factor for the peripheral intravenous catheters indwelling time. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: It is not a prohibition to take non-invasive blood pressure measurement when having a peripheral intravenous catheter, especially in some special circumstances in the clinical practice or when good prevention procedures are implemented.
Assuntos
Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter , Cateterismo Periférico , Pressão Sanguínea , Cateterismo Periférico/efeitos adversos , Cateteres de Demora/efeitos adversos , Estudos de Coortes , Remoção de Dispositivo , HumanosRESUMO
Molybdenum (Mo), which is an essential microelement for plant growth, plays important roles in multiple metabolic and physiological processes, including responses to drought and cold stress in wheat. Lipids also have crucial roles in plant adaptions to abiotic stresses. The aim of this study was to use glycerolipidomic and transcriptomic analyses to determine the changes in lipids induced by Mo that are associated with Mo-enhanced drought tolerance in wheat. Mo treatments increased the transcript levels of genes involved in fatty acid and glycerolipid biosynthesis and desaturation, but suppressed the expression of genes involved in oxylipin production. Wheat plants supplemented with Mo displayed higher contents of monogalactosyldiacyglycerol (MGDG), digalactosyldoacylglycerol (DGDG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylcholine (PC) with increased levels of unsaturation. The levels of MGDG, DGDG, PG, and PC increased under PEG-simulated drought (PSD), and the magnitude of the responses varied in the presence and absence of Mo. Mo increased the accumulation of the most abundant glycerolipid species of C36:6, C34:4, and C34:3 by increasing the expression of genes related to desaturation under PSD, and this contributed to maintaining the fluidity of membranes. In addition, Mo attenuated the decreases in the ratios of DGDG/MGDG and PC/PE that were observed under PSD. These changes in lipids in Mo-treated wheat would contribute to maintaining the integrity of membranes and to protecting the photosynthetic apparatus, thus acting together to enhance drought tolerance.
Assuntos
Secas , Triticum , Adaptação Fisiológica , Molibdênio , Estresse Fisiológico , Triticum/genéticaRESUMO
Zinc (Zn) possesses similar properties to cadmium (Cd) and inhibits Cd uptake in plants. To get more detailed mechanisms of Zn-inhibited Cd uptake in pakchoi, a hydroponic experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of various Zn levels on Cd concentrations, real time flux of Cd, expressions of genes related to Cd uptake under Cd exposure. The results showed that the Cd concentrations and Cd accumulations in pakchoi root decreased with increasing Zn levels, which were coincident with that real time Cd influx and net Cd influx of pakchoi root decreased with increasing Zn levels by non-invasive micro-test technology (NMT). Additionally, the expressions of Cd-related transporters including BcNRAMP5, BcIRT1 and BcMGT1 decreased with the increase of Zn levels under Cd exposure, especially BcIRT1 with the highest decreased rates. Furthermore, the expressions of these genes decreased gradually with the prolongation of Zn treated time under Cd toxicity. The results indicate that Zn inhibits Cd uptake by inhibition of the expressions of Cd-related transporters, especially BcIRT1 in pakchoi root.
Assuntos
Brassica/metabolismo , Cádmio/análise , Microeletrodos , Zinco/análise , Transporte Biológico , Cádmio/farmacocinética , Proteínas de Transporte de Cátions/genética , Proteínas de Transporte de Cátions/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Hidroponia , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Raízes de Plantas/metabolismo , Zinco/farmacocinéticaRESUMO
KEY MESSAGE: Our study first reveals that Mo mediates oxidative tolerance through ABA signaling. Moreover, NO acts downstream of ABA signaling in Mo-induced oxidative tolerance in wheat under drought stress. Nitric oxide (NO) is related to the improvement of molybdenum (Mo)-induced oxidative tolerance. While the function of Mo in abscisic acid (ABA) synthesis and in mediating oxidative tolerance by the interaction of ABA and NO remain to be studied. The -Mo and +Mo treatment-cultivated wheat was separated and subsequently was pretreated with AO inhibitor, ABA synthesis inhibitor, exogenous ABA, NO scavenger, NO donor or their combinations under polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG)-stimulated drought stress (PSD). The AO activity and ABA content were increased by Mo in wheat under PSD, however, AO inhibitor decreased AO activity, correspondingly reduced ABA accumulation, suggesting that AO involves in the regulation of Mo-induced ABA synthesis. Mo enhanced activities and expressions of antioxidant enzyme, while these effects of Mo were reversed by AO inhibitor and ABA synthesis inhibitor due to the decrease of ABA content, but regained by exogenous ABA, indicating that Mo induces oxidative tolerance through ABA. Moreover, NO scavenger inhibited activities of antioxidant enzyme caused by Mo and exogenous ABA, but the inhibitions were eliminated by NO donor, indicating that NO is involved in ABA pathway in the regulation of Mo-induced oxidative tolerance in wheat under PSD. Finally, we proposed a scheme for the mechanism of Mo-induced oxidative tolerance.
Assuntos
Ácido Abscísico/metabolismo , Molibdênio/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Triticum/fisiologia , Ácido Abscísico/farmacologia , Adaptação Fisiológica/efeitos dos fármacos , Adaptação Fisiológica/fisiologia , Aldeído Oxidase/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Secas , Modelos Biológicos , Molibdênio/farmacologia , Doadores de Óxido Nítrico/farmacologia , Nitroprussiato/farmacologia , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Reguladores de Crescimento de Plantas/metabolismo , Reguladores de Crescimento de Plantas/farmacologia , Estresse Fisiológico , Triticum/metabolismoRESUMO
Most plants exhibit strong tolerance to excess molybdenum (Mo). However, the metabolic profile and tolerance mechanisms of plants in response to excess Mo remain unknown. We comprehensively analyzed changes in the metabolic profiles of leaves and roots in soybean (Glycine max L.) seedlings cultured under normal-Mo and excess-Mo conditions by using ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) combined with MS/MS (mass spectrometry). There were 42 differential metabolites in the roots and 19 differential metabolites in the leaves in response to excess Mo stress. In roots, the organic acids, levels of gluconic acid, D-glucarate and citric acid increased by 107.63-, 4.42- and 2.87-folds after excess Mo exposure. Several hormones (salicylic acid, jasmonic acid) and lipids (PG, MG, DG etc) also increased significantly under excess Mo condition. Metabolites related to ascorbate-glutathione metabolism and flavonoid and isoflavone biosynthesis notably accumulated in roots. Only lipid metabolism and salicylic acid accumulation were induced in leaves under excess Mo stress. It is speculated that organic compounds such as 2-oxoarginine, L-nicotine, gluconic acid, D-glucurate, and citric acid played important roles to chelate Mo and reduce its toxicity. Signaling molecules (JA, SA, and some lipids) and non-enzyme antioxidants such as flavonoids/isoflavones act synergistically to detoxify ROS and contribute to Mo tolerance in soybean seedlings. More metabolic pathways were induced by Mo excess in roots than in leaves, suggesting that roots play more implant role in Mo tolerance.
Assuntos
Glycine max/metabolismo , Metabolômica , Molibdênio/metabolismo , Ciclopentanos/metabolismo , Exposição Ambiental , Metaboloma , Oxilipinas/metabolismo , Folhas de Planta/metabolismo , Raízes de Plantas/metabolismo , Ácido Salicílico/metabolismo , Plântula/metabolismoRESUMO
Cadmium (Cd) absorption and accumulation vary greatly not only among plant species but also among cultivars within the same species. In order to better understand the mechanisms of Cd absorption, transportation and distribution, we examined the differences of Cd absorption, translocation, subcellular distribution and chemical forms between L19, a Cd-tolerant genotype, and H4, a Cd-sensitive genotype, using kinetic analysis and soil culture experiment. Kinetic assays showed that the different Cd concentrations between the two cultivars might be ascribed to root absorption and translocation from root to shoot. The investigations of subcellular distribution and chemical forms verified that Cd concentrations of all subcellular fractions in H4 were all higher than in L19. Meanwhile, most of the Cd was associated with cell walls in the root of H4, but the Cd in the root of L19 and leaf of the two cultivars was mainly stored in soluble fraction, which could be one possible mechanism of tolerance to Cd toxicity. In addition, Cd fractions extracted by 1M NaCl and 2% HAC were predominant in root and leaf of both cultivars and the concentrations and proportions extracted by water and 80% ethanol in root and 1M NaCl in leaf were all higher in H4 than in L19. These results indicate that the Cd in H4 is more active than L19, which could be responsible for the sensitivity of H4 to Cd damage.
Assuntos
Cádmio/metabolismo , Raphanus/química , Poluentes do Solo/metabolismo , Absorção Fisiológica , Cádmio/química , Cinética , Folhas de Planta/química , Folhas de Planta/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Raízes de Plantas/química , Raízes de Plantas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Raphanus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Solo/química , Poluentes do Solo/química , Especificidade da Espécie , Frações Subcelulares/químicaRESUMO
The effects of increasing Cd additions on plant growth and Cd fractionation and enzyme activities in rhizosphere soil of two radish cultivars were investigated. The results showed that Cd concentrations in shoot and root of cultivar 4 were both higher than for cultivar 19 under different Cd levels. Compared with cultivar 19, the total, shoot and root biomasses of cultivar 4 were significantly reduced with increasing Cd levels. A decrease in soil pH was observed for cultivar 4. The exchangeable Cd concentration of soil from cultivar 4 was significantly higher than for soil from cultivar 19, while the carbonate-bound Cd concentration of soil from cultivar 4 was significantly lower than for cultivar 19. Enzyme activities, especially acid phosphatase activity, were more susceptible to Cd in soil from cultivar 4. These results indicated that cultivar 19 exhibits a stronger ability to adapt to Cd stress than cultivar 4.
Assuntos
Fosfatase Ácida/metabolismo , Cádmio/isolamento & purificação , Cádmio/toxicidade , Raphanus/efeitos dos fármacos , Raphanus/enzimologia , Rizosfera , Poluentes do Solo/toxicidade , Biomassa , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Raízes de Plantas/efeitos dos fármacos , Raphanus/química , Raphanus/classificação , Solo/química , Poluentes do Solo/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Molybdenum (Mo) plays a pivotal role in the growth and nitrogen-fixing process of plants mediated by rhizobia. However, the influence of nanomolybdenum trioxide (MoO3NPs) on soybean growth, rhizosphere bioavailable Mo, and nitrogen-fixing microorganisms remains underexplored. Here, we report that compared with that of ionic Mo and bulk MoO3, the utilization of MoO3NPs (specifically NPs0.05 and NPs0.15) significantly boosted the available Mo content in the rhizosphere soil throughout the seedling (by 21.64 %-101.38 %), podding (by 54.44 %-68.89 %), and mature stage (by 34.41 %-to 45.71 %) of soybean growth. Furthermore, both NPs0.05 and NPs0.15 treatments maintained consistently higher levels of acid-extractable Mo, reducible Mo, and oxidizable Mo across these stages, which facilitated stable conversion and supply of bioavailable Mo. Within the rhizosphere soil, NPs0.05 and NPs0.15 treatments resulted in the highest relative abundance of Rhizobiales and Bradyrhizobium genera, and significantly promoted the colonization of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, thereby increasing the content of nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) by 8.69 % and 7.72 % and ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) by 44.75 % and 17.55 %, respectively. Ultimately, these effects together contributed to 107.17 % and 84.00 % increment in soybean yield by NPs0.05 and NPs0.15 treatments, respectively. In summary, our findings underscore the potential of employing MoO3NPs to promote plant growth and maintain soil nitrogen cycling, indicating distinct advantages of MoO3NPs over ionic Mo and bulk MoO3.
Assuntos
Glycine max , Molibdênio , Fixação de Nitrogênio , Óxidos , Rizosfera , Microbiologia do Solo , Molibdênio/metabolismo , Solo/químicaRESUMO
Symbiotic nitrogen fixation can reduce the impact of agriculture on the environment by reducing fertilizer input. The rapid development of nanomaterials in agriculture provides a new prospect for us to improve the biological nitrogen fixation ability of leguminous crops. Molybdenum is an important component of nitrogenase, and the potential application of MoO3NPs in agriculture is largely unexplored. In this study, on the basis of verifying that MoO3NPs can improve the nitrogen fixation ability of soybean, the effects of MoO3NPs on the symbiotic nitrogen fixation process of soybean were investigated by using dynamic transcriptome and targeted metabolome techniques. Here we showed that compared with conventional molybdenum fertilizer, minute concentrations of MoO3NPs (0.01-0.1 mg kg-1) could promote soybean growth and nitrogen fixation efficiency. The nodules number, fresh nodule weight and nitrogenase activity of 0.1 mg kg-1 were increased by 17 %, 14 % and 27 %, and plant nitrogen accumulation increased by 17 %. Compared with conventional molybdenum fertilizer, MoO3NPs had a greater effect on apigenin, kaempferol and other flavonoid, and the expression of nodulation related genes such as ENOD93, F3'H. Based on WGCNA analysis, we identified a core gene GmCHS9 that was positively responsive to molybdenum and was highly expressed during MoO3NPs induced nodulation. MoO3NPs could improve the nitrogen fixation ability of soybean by promoting the secretion of flavonoids and the expression of key genes. This study provided a new perspective for the nano-strengthening strategy of nodules development and flavonoid biosynthesis by molybdenum.
Assuntos
Flavonoides , Glycine max , Metaboloma , Molibdênio , Fixação de Nitrogênio , Transcriptoma , Glycine max/efeitos dos fármacos , Fixação de Nitrogênio/efeitos dos fármacos , Fertilizantes , Nodulação/efeitos dos fármacos , Nanopartículas/toxicidade , Nanopartículas Metálicas/toxicidadeRESUMO
Neuropathic pain (NP) is a common type of chronic pain caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system. This condition imposes a considerable economic burden on society and patients. Daphnetin (DAP) is a natural product isolated from a Chinese medicinal herb with various pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. However, the underlying mechanisms of these effects are not fully understood. In the present study, we aimed to investigate DAP's anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects and explore the underlying mechanisms of action. The NP model was established as chronic constrictive injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve, and pain sensitivity was evaluated by measuring the mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal threshold (TWT). The activation of microglia in the spinal dorsal horn was measured via immunofluorescence staining. Protein levels were measured using a western blot assay. Using a mass-spectrometry proteomics platform and an LC-MS/MS-based metabolomics platform, proteins and metabolites in spinal cord tissues were extracted and analyzed. DAP treatment ameliorated the MWT and TWT in CCI rats. The expression of IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α was inhibited by DAP treatment in the spinal cords of CCI rats. Moreover, the activation of microglia was suppressed after DAP treatment. The elevation in the levels of P2X4, IRF8, IRF5, BDNF, and p-P38/P38 in the spinal cord caused by CCI was inhibited by DAP. Proteomics and metabolomics results indicated that DAP ameliorated the imbalance of glycerophospholipid metabolism in the spinal cords of CCI rats. DAP can potentially ameliorate NP by regulating microglial responses and glycerophospholipid metabolism in the CCI model. This study provides a pharmacological justification for using DAP in the management of NP.
RESUMO
Exploration of the mechanisms of cadmium (Cd) activation mediated by the rhizosphere process is important to advance our understanding of Cd accumulation in plants. In this study, two oilseed rape cultivars (L338, L351) with varied Cd accumulation traits were applied and the responses of their rhizosphere ecology to Cd stress were investigated by metabolome and microbiome. The results showed that shoot Cd accumulations in L338 accounted for 54.16% and 64.76% of those in L351 under low and high Cd contamination, respectively. Moreover, the cultivars response of rhizosphere process reflected that the lower pH and higher Cd mobility were assigned to the characters of L351, which were induced by the secretion of carboxylic acid (e.g. Acetaminophen cysteine, N-Fructosyl alliin) and the enrichment of bacterial taxa with the capacities of Cd resistant and activation (e.g. Sphingomonas, Flavobacterium, Neorhizobium, Altererythrobacter). Conclusively, the varied Cd accumulation traits of two oilseed rape cultivars were not only derived from the Cd transfer ability, it would be ascribed to Cd mobility regulated by rhizosphere processes as well. The results provide baseline data and a new perspective on the cultivar response of Cd accumulation, thus maintaining cleaner production of oilseed rape.
Assuntos
Brassica napus , Poluentes do Solo , Cádmio/análise , Biodegradação Ambiental , Exsudatos e Transudatos/química , Ácidos Carboxílicos , Raízes de Plantas/químicaRESUMO
The effect of phosphorus (P) speciation in biochar on soil available Cd and its mechanism to alleviate plant Cd stress remain largely unknown. Here, ammonium polyphosphate (PABC)-, phosphoric acid (PHBC)-, potassium dihydrogen phosphate (PKBC)-, and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (PNBC)-modified biochar were used to investigate P speciation. The Cd immobilization mechanism of biochar was analyzed by XPS and 31P NMR, and the soil quality and the mechanism for the biochar to alleviate Cd stress were also determined. The results demonstrated that PBC (pristine biochar), PABC, PHBC, PKBC, and PNBC reduced the content of soil DTPA-Cd by 14.96 % - 32.19 %, 40.44 % - 47.26 %, 17.52 % - 41.78 %, and 21.90 % - 36.64 %, respectively. The XPS and 31P NMR results demonstrated that the orthophosphate on the surface of PABC, PHBC, PKBC, and PNBC accounted for 82.06 %, 62.77 %, 33.1 %, and 54.46 %, respectively, indicating that PABC has the highest passivation efficiency on soil Cd, which was ascribed to the highest orthophosphate content on the biochar surface. Pot experiments revealed that PABC could reduce the Cd content by 4.18, 4.41, 4.43, 2.94, and 2.57 folds in roots, stems, leaves, pods, and grains, respectively, and at the same time increase the dry and fresh weight of soybean and decrease Cd toxicity to soybean by improving the antioxidant system. In addition, application of the P-modified biochars improved the enzyme activity and physicochemical properties of the soil. This study provides a new perspective for studying the effect of P-modified biochars on soil Cd immobilization.
Assuntos
Cádmio , Poluentes do Solo , Cádmio/análise , Fósforo , Solo/química , Poluentes do Solo/análise , Carvão Vegetal/química , FosfatosRESUMO
This study aims to further examine the effect of Magnesium (Mg) application on fruit quality and carotenoid metabolism in Satsuma mandarin pulp. For this, a field experiment was using 20-year-old Satsuma mandarin (C. unshiu Marc.) for two treatment; (1) CK treatment (without Mg), (2) Mg fertilizer treatment (200 g MgO plant-1). Compared with CK, Mg treatment substantially raised the Mg content in pulp at 90 to 150 DAF (the fruit expansion period), increasing by 15.69%-21.74%. Mg treatment also increased fruit TSS content by 15.84% and 9.88%, decreased fruit TA content in by 34.25% and 33.26% at 195 DAF and 210 DAF (the fruit ripening period). Moreover, at 120 to 195 DAF, Mg treatment significantly increased the levels of lutein, ß-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin and violaxanthin in the pulp. This can be explained by the increased expression of important biosynthetic genes, including CitPSY, CitPDS, CitLCYb1, CitLCYb2, CitLCYe, CitHYb, and CitZEP, that played a role in altering the carotenoid composition. The findings of this research offer a novel approach for augmenting both the economic and nutritional worth of citrus fruits.
Assuntos
Citrus , Frutas , Frutas/metabolismo , Magnésio/metabolismo , Carotenoides/metabolismo , Citrus/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de PlantasRESUMO
Nutritional enhancement has been reported to effectively relieve infected symptoms of Huanglongbing, one of the most destructive diseases of citrus. However, few studies focused on the role of plant nutrition in citrus plant-vector (Asian citrus psyllid; Diaphorina citri Kuwayama) interactions, which is regarded as an important part to develop an effective management strategy. METHOD: In the present study, a hydroponic culture was carried out to evaluate the effects of boron deficiency on psyllid feeding process to decode the molecular/biochemical basis of host-psyllid interaction. RESULTS: Boron deficiency was observed to play a major role in accelerating the release of volatile organic compounds, especially methyl salicylate, affecting the shikimic acid pathway through an elevated synthesis of shikimic acid, l-phenylalanine, 3-phenylpyruvic acid and salicylic acid. These changes made citrus leaf more attractive to psyllid adults. Meanwhile, boron deficiency evidently decreased the boron concentration of leaf cell wall fractions, thereby, weakened the structural stability by affecting pectin and cellulose formations. A significant decrease of cell wall mechanical strength was observed in boron-deficiency leaf, which could be the critical reasons to reduce piercing and to increase phloem ingestion during psyllid feeding. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated that boron deficiency facilitated the feeding behavior of psyllid adults through elevated release of methyl salicylate, coupled with weakened mechanical properties of cell wall.
Assuntos
Citrus , Hemípteros , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis , Animais , Hemípteros/fisiologia , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/metabolismo , Boro/metabolismo , Boro/farmacologia , Ácido Chiquímico/metabolismo , Citrus/metabolismo , Folhas de Planta/fisiologia , Doenças das PlantasRESUMO
While molybdenum (Mo) application can improve phosphorus (P) availability to plants by changing P speciation in the rhizosphere, the mechanistic basis of this process remains unclear. This work investigated the impact of various combinations of Mo and P treatments on root morphology, P and Mo uptake, and root transcriptome and metabolome. Mo application significantly increased soybean biomass and the number of lateral roots at both low (5 µmol) or normal (500 µmol) P levels and significantly improved P concentration and accumulation in Normal P treatment. Compared with the Normal P treatment, Low P significantly increased the number of roots, root surface area, and root acid phosphatase secretion. A total of 6811 Mo-responsive differentially expressed genes and 135 differential metabolites were identified at two P levels. At Low P, transcriptional changes significantly increased root synthesis and secretion of succinic acid, methylmalonic acid, and other organic acids as well as acid phosphatase, thereby increasing the conversion of soil aluminum-bound P and organic P into available P. At Normal P, Mo application increased P uptake mainly by increasing the number of lateral roots. Thus, Mo helps crops adapt to different P levels by regulating root anatomy and transcriptional and metabolic profiles of their roots.
Assuntos
Glycine max , Molibdênio , Glycine max/genética , Transporte Biológico , Alumínio , FósforoRESUMO
Molybdenum application holds the potential to enhance agricultural productivity. However, the precise impact on soil microbial diversity and mineral nutrient availability remains uncertain. In this study, we collected rhizosphere soil samples from different growth stages of broad beans. By analyzing mineral element contents, soil phosphorus and zinc fractions, as well as fungal and bacterial diversity, we observed that Mo application resulted in a reduction of soil CitrateâP and HClâP content. This reduction led to an increase in available P content at different stages. Moreover, Mo application elevated root P concentration, but concurrently impeded the translocation of P to the shoots. Mo application also decreased the soil ExcâZn (exchangeable Zn) content while increasing the ResâZn (residual Zn) content, ultimately causing a decrease in available Zn content at different stages. Consequently, the Zn concentration within broad beans correspondingly decreased. Mo application fostered an augmentation in fungal richness and Shannon indices at the branching and podding stages. The analysis of microbial co-occurrence networks indicated that Mo application bolstered positive connectivity among fungal taxa. Remarkably, Mo significantly increased the abundance of Chaetomium, Leucosporidium, and Thielavia fungi. Spearman correlation analysis demonstrated a significant positive correlation between fungal diversity and soil available P content, as well as a notable negative correlation with soil available Zn content. These findings suggest that Mo application may modify the availability of soil P and Zn by influencing fungal diversity in the rhizosphere of crop soil, ultimately impacting nutrient accumulation within the grains.
Assuntos
Fabaceae , Vicia faba , Solo , Molibdênio/farmacologia , Rizosfera , Microbiologia do Solo , Minerais , NutrientesRESUMO
Phosphorus-modified biochars are considered as good materials for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater. However, the efficacy of ammonium polyphosphate-modified biochar in cadmium (Cd(II)) adsorption remains largely unknown. In this work, the biochar was respectively modified with ammonium polyphosphate (PABC), phosphoric acid (PHBC) and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (PNBC) to enhance its adsorption performance for heavy metals from wastewater. The properties of biochar before and after modification and P speciation on the surface of the modified biochar were investigated with FTIR, SEM-EDS, XPS, XRD and 31P NMR, and the adsorption capacity was evaluated by batch adsorption experiments. The results demonstrated that the optimal adsorption performance could be achieved at the solution pH = 4, and the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models could well describe the Cd(II) adsorption process. The maximum adsorption capacity of PABC, PHBC and PNBC for Cd(II) was 155, 138 and 99 mg g-1, which were 4.84, 4.32 and 3.10 folds that of original biochar, respectively. The 31P NMR showed that orthophosphate accounted for 82.1%, 62.8% and 54.5% of P in PABC, PHBC and PNBC, respectively, which decreased to 28.24%, 33.51% and 29.34% after Cd(II) adsorption, indicating that the orthophosphate ratio in P-modified biochar surface could significantly affect Cd adsorption by forming phosphate precipitate. This work implies that the PABC has greater potential in the removal of Cd from wastewater relative to PHBC and PNBC.
Assuntos
Compostos de Amônio , Metais Pesados , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Purificação da Água , Adsorção , Cádmio/análise , Carvão Vegetal/química , Cinética , Polifosfatos , Águas Residuárias , Água , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Purificação da Água/métodosRESUMO
The effects of the increased soil copper (Cu) on fruit quality due to the overuse of Cu agents have been a hot social issue. Seven representative citrus orchards in Guangxi province, China, were investigated to explore the fruit quality characteristics under different soil Cu levels and the relationship between soil-tree Cu and fruit quality. These results showed that pericarp color a value, titratable acid (TA), and vitamin C (Vc) were higher by 90.0, 166.6, and 22.4% in high Cu orchards and by 50.5, 204.2, and 55.3% in excess Cu orchards, compared with optimum Cu orchards. However, the ratio of total soluble solids (TSS)/TA was lower by 68.7% in high Cu orchards and by 61.6% in excess Cu orchards. With the increase of soil Cu concentrations, pericarp color a value and Vc were improved, TA with a trend of rising first then falling, and TSS/TA with a trend of falling first then rising were recorded. As fruit Cu increased, pericarp color a value and TSS reduced and as leaf Cu increased, TSS/TA decreased while Vc was improved. Moreover, a rise in soil Cu enhanced leaf Cu accumulation, and a rise in leaf Cu improved fruit Cu accumulation. Fruit Cu accumulation reduced fruit quality by direct effects, leaf Cu improved fruit quality by direct and indirect effects. Soil Cu affected fruit quality by indirect effects by regulating leaf Cu and fruit Cu. Therefore, reasonable regulation and control of soil Cu concentrations can effectively increase pericarp color, sugar, and acid accumulation in citrus fruit.