RESUMO
Serum gastrin and pancreatic secretion were measured in conscious Thomas fistula dogs during infusion of increasing doses of porcine gastrin, against a background of secretin. Dose-response relationships were calculated for the effects of gastrin on pancreatic secretion. Gastrin release was also measured after a test meal and after vagal stimulation with 2-deoxyglucose. Peak serum gastrin levels after these stimuli were less than the serum gastrin level associated with the minimal effective dose of gastrin. From the dose-response relationship of serum gastrin and pancreatic protein output, it was possible to calculate the protein output corresponding to the peak gastrin levels after 2-deoxyglucose or a meal. These were equivalent to 20-30% of the observed protein response to these stimuli. We conclude that gastrin plays at most a small part in the stimulation of pancreatic secretion after a meal and in response to 2-deoxyglucose. We also found that truncal vagotomy reduces pancreatic sensitivity to gastrin.
Assuntos
Gastrinas/farmacologia , Pâncreas/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Desoxiglucose/farmacologia , Cães , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Gastrinas/administração & dosagem , Gastrinas/sangue , Pâncreas/metabolismo , Suco Pancreático/metabolismo , Proteínas/metabolismo , Nervo Vago/fisiologiaRESUMO
We studied post-meal pancreatic secretion and gastrin release in conscious dogs with duodenal Thomas cannulas. Normal dogs were tested in physiological conditions and with an i.v. infusion of atropine 20 micrograms/kg/h or secretin 0.5 CU/kg/h. The responses were also studied after antral and truncal vagotomy. In the early phase (0-20 min) of the response, before gastric emptying started, antral vagotomy reduced fluid and protein outputs, and truncal vagotomy reduced them still more. Atropine reduced only the protein response. Gastrin release reached a peak after 20-25 min. After antral and truncal vagotomy, gastrin release was reduced within 10 min after the meal. Late-phase (greater than 20 min) pancreatic secretion depended on the presence of chyme in the duodenum. The effects of atropine and antral vagotomy in the cephalogastric phase could be explained by antropancreatic reflexes stimulating fluid secretion (atropine-resistant pathway) and protein output (atropine-sensitive pathway).
Assuntos
Ingestão de Alimentos/fisiologia , Gastrinas/fisiologia , Pâncreas/metabolismo , Estômago/inervação , Nervo Vago/fisiologia , Animais , Atropina , Cães , Esvaziamento Gástrico/fisiologia , Antro Pilórico/inervação , Reflexo/fisiologia , Vagotomia , Vagotomia TroncularRESUMO
Research regarding parameters suitable for reporting on the activity of enzymatic systems responsible for ethanol metabolism is of obvious interest in medico-legal practice. Blood ethanol concentration-time curves, following oral administration of ethanol, have been developed for ethylic and non-ethylic subjects. This study has confirmed the non-linear kinetics of ethanol elimination; however, existing non-linear models appear to be inadequate for usual medico-legal practice, because of their complexity. We observed three phases during the elimination of ethanol. The first order terminal phase is characterized by its half-life. This parameter seems adequate as a basis for determining the activity of enzyme systems responsible for the metabolism of ethanol.
Assuntos
Etanol/sangue , Adulto , Alcoolismo/sangue , Etanol/administração & dosagem , Etanol/metabolismo , Feminino , Meia-Vida , Humanos , Cinética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Following oral administration of ethanol to ethylic as well as non-ethylic volunteers, the entire time course of plasma acetate concentration has been observed. The curve shows a typical evolution in three phases: (1) a quick ascending phase (2) a steady state characterized by a mean concentration (-C) (3) a first-order decrease, characterized by its half-life (t1/2) These parameters show significant variations (increase of -C, decrease of t1/2) in the ethylic subjects, in comparison with the non-ethylic ones. The variation of the area under the acetate curve according to the dose of ethanol given, is linear. The comparison of such a development with the one, typically non-linear, of the area under ethanol curve previously analyzed for the same subjects, may guess the origin of the non-linearity of ethanol kinetics.
Assuntos
Acetatos/sangue , Etanol/metabolismo , Adulto , Alcoolismo/sangue , Feminino , Meia-Vida , Humanos , Cinética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
The number of gastrin cells (G cells) and somatostatin cells (D cells) per surface unit, and the G/D cell ratio were estimated in biopsy specimens of the antrum from normal subjects without hypergastrinemia, and from patients with hypergastrinemia not induced by gastrinoma or supra selective vagotomy. Compared with normal subjects, antral G cell density and G/D cell ratio were significantly increased in patients with hypergastrinemia. A significant correlation was found between G cell density or G/D cell ratio and the integrated gastrin output values. A quantitative estimation appears therefore possible in biopsy specimens.
Assuntos
Gastrinas/sangue , Antro Pilórico/patologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Anemia Perniciosa/sangue , Anemia Perniciosa/patologia , Biópsia , Feminino , Gastrinas/metabolismo , Gastroscopia , Humanos , Hiperplasia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Antro Pilórico/citologia , Antro Pilórico/metabolismo , Somatostatina/metabolismo , Úlcera Gástrica/sangue , Úlcera Gástrica/patologiaRESUMO
The authors experimentally reproduced in dogs, sclerosing lesions of biliary tract similar to those that they noticed in clinical practice, after the use of a formalin solution for sterilization of the hydatid cysts of the liver. These lesions have been found with formalin solutions more concentrated than those used in surgical treatment of liver echinococcosis. Nevertheless, even with the use of lower concentrated solution in every case, inflammatory scars are produced in the liver and the biliary tract with persist several months after the formalin injection consequently, the authors recommend to forsake the abandonment of this product for surgical treatment of hydatid cyst.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Ductos Biliares/induzido quimicamente , Ductos Biliares/patologia , Equinococose Hepática/cirurgia , Formaldeído/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Idoso , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Cães , Feminino , Humanos , Fígado/patologia , Masculino , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , EscleroseAssuntos
Esôfago , Próteses e Implantes , Traqueia , Idoso , Humanos , Masculino , Qualidade de VidaRESUMO
The authors discuss the various recent discoveries and fundamental data on absorption from the digestive tube and the digestive hormones. The practical applications of these data in oral feeding are underlined.
Assuntos
Fenômenos Fisiológicos do Sistema Digestório , Nutrição Enteral , Absorção , Animais , Cálcio/metabolismo , Metabolismo dos Carboidratos , Digestão , Sistema Digestório/imunologia , Nutrição Enteral/normas , Alimentos Formulados , Motilidade Gastrointestinal , Hormônios/fisiologia , Humanos , Intestinos/microbiologia , Íons/metabolismo , Ferro/metabolismo , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Síndromes de Malabsorção/fisiopatologia , Proteínas/metabolismo , Oligoelementos/metabolismo , Vitaminas/metabolismo , Água/metabolismoRESUMO
Post-heparin plasma lipolytic activity (PHLA) was measured in 21 patients with acute viral hepatitis. PHLA was significantly reduced in all patients (p less than 0.0005), whose mean activity was only 32% of the control subjects. An inverse correlation (p less than 0.05) was found between PHLA values and serum triglycerides levels. During recovery, the normalization of PHLA was much slower than that of the usual tests of liver function. PHLA measurement may represent a new and sensitive test of liver function.
Assuntos
Hepatite Viral Humana/sangue , Lipase/sangue , Doença Aguda , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Heparina/farmacologia , Hepatite Viral Humana/enzimologia , Humanos , Fígado/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Cimetidine, a powerful inhibitor of acid secretion has produced profound changes in the treatment of acute peptic ulcer. The authors propose a therapeutic attitude takeing into consideration modern knowledge concerning the ulcer patient and his ulcer. After a simplified diagram of the inhibitory mechanisms of acid secretion illustrating the role of the histamine receptors, the various pathogenic routes of treatment are considered with their indications (cimetidine, sulpiride, vagolytics, carbenoxolone). The association of an antacid is useful, except for cimetidine. A choice is necessary in all cases which takes into consideration the patient's interests and the cost of treatment and permits one to avoid pleonasms and illogical treatment. Finally, classical treatment and even milk diet may remain of interest depending on the context of the case.
Assuntos
Úlcera Péptica/terapia , Antiácidos/uso terapêutico , Carbenoxolona/uso terapêutico , Cimetidina/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Parassimpatolíticos/uso terapêutico , Relações Médico-Paciente , Receptores Histamínicos , Sulpirida/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
A 58-year-old man developed diarrhoea and duodenal ulcer related to a malignant pancreatic gastrinoma. Initial evaluations of basal acid output and serum gastrin level were not significant. Two months later they were typical of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. The tumor was detected by endoscopic retrograde pancreatography.
Assuntos
Ductos Pancreáticos , Síndrome de Zollinger-Ellison/diagnóstico , Endoscopia , Determinação da Acidez Gástrica , Gastrinas/sangue , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Síndrome de Zollinger-Ellison/sangueRESUMO
To ascertain whether any of the well-known effects of intravenous ethanol on pancreatic and gastric secretion could be due to its metabolite--acetaldehyde, a strong cytotoxic and sympathomimetic agent--acetaldehyde was given intravenously for 1 h (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/h) in seven dogs. Acetaldehyde did not modify pancreatic secretion stimulated with secretin and caerulein, but under basal conditions 200 mg/kg/h slightly increased the volume and protein content of pancreatic juice. Acetaldehyde increased gastric secretion up to 4.03 meq/15 min in a dose-dependent manner, while serum gastrin remained unchanged. The increase of acidity persisted after propranolol and was inhibited but not abolished by ganglionic blockade. It can be concluded that physiological concentrations of acetaldehyde do not interfere with pancreatic secretion and that it is possible that the stimulatory effect of ethanol on gastric secretion is mediated at least partly through acetaldehyde.
Assuntos
Acetaldeído/farmacologia , Suco Gástrico/metabolismo , Pâncreas/metabolismo , Animais , Ceruletídeo/farmacologia , Cães , Gastrinas/sangue , Injeções Intravenosas , Secretina/farmacologiaRESUMO
Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 Tm (CA 19-9 Tm) level was measured in 3 groups of sera: 138 control subjects affected by bronchogenic no malignant diseases, 117 subjects with primary bronchogenic carcinoma, 43 with pulmonary metastasis of different cancers. Serum level CA 19-9 Tm was compared with serum level CEA. Control subjects bring us to state the discrimination standard between bronchogenic carcinoma and no carcinoma to 40 U/ml of CA 19-9 Tm. In primary bronchogenic carcinoma, a simultaneous increase of the two markers was noted in some subjects whereas in others only one tumor marker was increased pulmonary metastasis are considered. In these two cases, CEA increases more often in serum of subjects affected by adenocarcinomas CA 19-9 Tm and CEA are thus two different tumor associated markers.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Neoplasias/análise , Antígeno Carcinoembrionário/análise , Carcinoma Broncogênico/imunologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/imunologia , Anticorpos Monoclonais/imunologia , Antígenos Glicosídicos Associados a Tumores , Seguimentos , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/secundário , RadioimunoensaioRESUMO
Gastirn blood levels after the ingestion of a meat meal, either alone or associated with ethanol (1.0 gm./kg.), are higher and better sustained in dogs treated chronically with alcohol than in control animals. This greater gastrin-releasing capacity of the dog gastric antrum would be responsible for the increased parietal cell mass and gastric acid secretion shown by animals subjected to chronic alcohol intoxication.
Assuntos
Alcoolismo/fisiopatologia , Gastrinas/metabolismo , Animais , Doença Crônica , Cães , Etanol/administração & dosagem , Jejum , Mucosa Gástrica/metabolismo , Gastrinas/sangue , Humanos , Radioimunoensaio , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Plasma gastrin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay before and after a test meal associated with 40 ml ethanol in 21 patients presenting with chronic calcifying pancreatitis, in 10 apparently normal subjects drinking since at least 5 years 100 g alcohol a day, in 14 subjects presenting hepatic alcoholic cirrhosis and in 18 apparently normal non alcoholic controls. Post-stimulation gastrin concentration were higher in chronic pancreatitis patients or in normal alcoholics (peak post-stimulation value: 74 +/- 41 and 74 +/- 43 pg/ml respectively) than in cirrhotics or non alcoholic controls (45 +/- 26 and 41 +/- 15 pg/ml respectively) (m +/- SD).
Assuntos
Alcoolismo/metabolismo , Gastrinas/metabolismo , Pancreatite/metabolismo , Adulto , Doença Crônica , Etanol/toxicidade , Jejum , Alimentos , Gastrinas/sangue , Humanos , Cirrose Hepática Alcoólica/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
The authors report the observation of a tuberculous ganglio-oesophageal fistula which revealed itself through several severe digestive hemorrhages. On this occasion, they recall that these fistulae are unusual and exceptionally hemorrhagic. Diagnosis can only be made by a thorough endoscopic examination. If medical treatment can be envisaged when the tuberculous nature of the lesion has been ascertained, surgery is to be prefered in case of uncertain etiology; the intervetion enables the opening of the tuberculous abscess and, at the same time, the treatment of the oesophageal perforation and the suppression of hemorrhages.