Coherent combining of femtosecond pulses parametrically amplified in BBO crystals.

We report on the first experimental realization of coherent combining of parametrically amplified femtosecond pulses. The proposed and implemented two-loop active stabilization system allows us to achieve 110 as relative timing jitter between combined pulses, which is necessary for efficient coherent beam combining. In each channel of the two-channel laser setup, pulses were parametrically amplified in ß-BaB2O4 (BBO) crystals to 50 µJ energy, compressed to 49 fs duration, and then coherently combined with efficiency as high as 97%. Currently, it is the shortest duration of amplified pulses for which coherent combining is demonstrated.

Design and test of a Faraday cup for low-charge measurement of electron beams from laser wakefield acceleration.

Nowadays, laser wakefield acceleration is considered to be one of the perspective methods for GeV electron beam production. The combination of laser accelerated electrons and Compton backscattering of a probe light beam opens the possibility of creating the tabletop source of a femtosecond light beam in x-ray and gamma ranges. The project is aimed at creating a laser-driven Compton light source in ILP SB RAS in collaboration with BINP SB RAS. Production of 1-10 pC electron beams in sub-ps time range duration with energies up to 100 MeV is expected to be a result of the first stage of the project. Since the energy of electrons does not exceed 100 MeV, it allows the use of the Faraday cup (FC) with reasonable dimensions, instead of the commonly used integrating current transformer. The geometry of the FC has been optimized taking into account beam stopping simulation as well as a low capacity requirement. Simulation of high-frequency properties of the entire system was carried out. The system has been tested at the VEPP-5 electron linac. The results of developing and testing this FC are presented.

[Morpho-functional state of biomembranes after treatment with alkyl derivatives of 2,4-dinitrophenol]. / Morfofunktsional'noe sostoianie biomembran pri vozdeistvii alkilproizvodnykh 2,4-dinitrofenola.

The morphofunctional state of the rat liver biomembranes is studied under conditions of the peroral effect of alkyl dinitrophenols: dinitroorthocresole and secondary 2,4-dinitro-6-butylphenol. It is established that free radicals and products of peroxide lipid oxidation (diene conjugates, hydroperoxides, final products reacting with 2-thiobarbituric acid) are very important for realization of the membrane-tropic action of the above compounds. Possible mechanisms of development of the membrane-damaging action of these xenobiotics and their effect on the state of the mitochondrial respiratory chain are discussed. The membrane-tropic effect of alkyl dinitrophenols is confirmed by the results of electron-microscopic studies.

[The effect of chronic internal irradiation from incorporated radionuclides on liver function]. / Vliianie khronicheskogo vnutrennego oblucheniia inkorporirovannymi radionuklidami na funktsional'noe sostoianie pecheni.

On chronic supply to the body of a mixture of nuclear division products lanthanum-140, barium-140, tellurium-132, neodymium-147, neptunium-239, zirconium-95, niobium-95, iodine-131, cerium-141, -144, cesium-134, -137, and ruthenium-103 are detectable in liver tissue within the first months. In the 2 to 4 years following the disaster, liver tissue primarily accumulates cerium-144, radium-226, thorium-228, -232, ruthenium-106, antimony-125, and europium-154. Within the first periods the liver radionuclide content was 19 to 31% higher than that in the blood, and in the following years it was 24 to 38% higher. The radionuclides indicated were actively excreted with the bile into the gastrointestinal lumen. Within the first months after the chronic internal radiation the functional liver disorders were detectable in 30 to 40% of the patients. Later on diverse acute and chronic diseases of the liver, gallbladder and pancreas were detectable in 20 to 30% of the patients. The radionuclide content in the body was found to be in parallel with functional liver disorders. Acceleration of radionuclide excretion from the body results in liver function improvement.

[Ultrastructural changes in thyrocytes exposed to the antithyroid preparations betazin and diiodotyrosine]. / Ul'trastrukturnye izmeneniia tirotsitov pri vozdeistvii antitireoidnykh preparatov--betazina i diiodtirozina.

Ultrastructure changes in the thyroid gland cells of rats were studied when feeding of bethazine and diiodthyrozine to rats at doses 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg of body's weight for 12 months. The ultrastructure changes in thyrocytes typical both for hyper- and for hypofunction of the gland were revealed.

[Morphofunctional characteristics of certain rat liver hepatocytic ultrastructures during prolonged exposure to sodium fluoride]. / Morfokuntsional'naia kharakteristika nekotorykh ul'transtruktur gepatotsitov pecheni krys pri dlitel'nom vozdeistvii ftorida natriia.

This paper deals with studying ultrastructural changes in hepatocytes of rats caused by long introduction of sodium fluoride separately and in combination with glutamine, glutaminic acid and riboflavin. Sodium fluoride promotes the development of significant changes in hepatocytes ultrastructure. An attempt was made to reduce effect of the long-period influence of sodium fluoride by means of preliminary introduction of some agents...

[Safety of a new food product--a dry protein mixture]. / K voprosu o bezvrednosti novogo produkta pitaniia--sukhoi belkovoi smesi.

A study was made of the safety of a product consisting of dry clarified blood obtained by means of the peroxide-catalase system, and dry defattened milk in a ratio of 1:1. White rats received the diets containing casein as a source of protein (control) and a dry protein mixture (experimental). In acute experiments, the animals received 36% of protein as regards the caloricity, the experiment lasted 30 days. The general status of the rats, the time-course of changes in the body weight, and feed eating up were placed under observation. A study was made of the microstructure and relative weight of the internal organs (liver, kidneys, spleen, gastric and intestinal mucosa). In chronic experiments, lasting 12 months, the rats received 18% of protein as regards the caloricity. Besides, a study was made of water excretory and concentration functions of the kidneys, protein and lipid metabolism, as well as of the embryotoxic and teratogenic action of the product and of its effect on reproductive function. The diet containing the dry protein mixture was found to produce no adverse effect on the body status.

[Biological value of the meat from animals implanted with betazine and diiodotyrosine and its effect on the body]. / Biologicheskaia tsennost' miasa zhivotnykh, implantirovannykh betazinom i diiodtirozinom, i ego vliianie na organizm.

The biological value of beef and pork of the animals implanted with antithyroid preparations did not differ from that of controls in varying tests. A long-term feeding of rats with diets containing meat of young bulls and pigs, implanted with betazine and diiodotyrosine, did not influence the content of free and bound cholesterol and total phospholipids in the liver, and produced no effect on the intensity of oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria which was proved by the results of the morphological, histochemical and ultrastructural investigations.

[Effect of hemosorption on the activity of natural antioxidant enzymes in acute pancreatitis]. / Vliianie gemosorptsii na aktivnost' estestvennykh antioksidantnykh fermentov pri ostrom pankreatite.

All forms of acute pancreatitis are followed by the development of antioxidant insufficiency of the organism which aggravates the course of the disease, makes results of treatment worse. Hemosorption facilitates activation of natural antioxidant enzymes resulting in decreased levels of underoxidated products of lipid peroxidation: in 2/3 of the patients the use of repeated sessions of hemosorption with 24-48 h intervals is indicated in order to achieve normalization of natural antioxidant defense.

[Sorption methods and laser irradiation in the treatment of suppurative and septic diseases]. / Sorbtsionnye metody i lazernoe obluchenie v lechenii gnoino-septicheskikh zabolevanii.

The application therapy of purulent wounds with sorbents during the first phase of the wound process reduces osmotic hyperhydration of tissues around the wound, promotes normalization of pH and phagocytosis of the wound exudate, makes the healing of the wounds 32.4% quicker. The combined use of the application therapy and external laser irradiation makes the time of healing almost 2 times shorter. In sepsis hemosorption results in the effective elimination of underoxidized products of free radical oxidation, in normalization of activity of the Kallikrein-Kinin system, improves results of the treatment.