Dynamic Pluronic F127 Crosslinking Enhancement of Biopolymeric Nanocomposites for Piezo-Triboelectric Single-Hybrid Nanogenerators and Self-Powered Sensors.

Biomechanical and nanomechanical energy harvesting systems have gained a wealth of interest, resulting in a plethora of research into the development of biopolymeric-based devices as sustainable alternatives. Piezoelectric, triboelectric, and hybrid nanogenerator devices for electrical applications are engineered and fabricated using innovative, sustainable, facile-approach flexible composite films with high performance based on bacterial cellulose and BaTiO3 , intrinsically and structurally enhanced by Pluronic F127, a micellar cross-linker. The voltage and current outputs of the modified versions with multiwalled carbon nanotube as a conductivity enhancer and post-poling effect are 38 V and 2.8 µA cm-2 , respectively. The multiconnective devices' power density can approach 10 µW cm-2 . The rectified output power is capable of charging capacitors, driving light-emitting diode lights, powering a digital watch and interfacing with a commercial microcontroller board to operate as a piezoresistive force sensor switch as a proof of concept. Magnetoelectric studies show that the composites have the potential to be incorporated into magnetoelectric systems. The biopolymeric composites prove to be desirable candidates for multifunctional energy harvesters and electronic devices.

Electrospun PVB/AVE NMs as mask filter layer for win-win effects of filtration and antibacterial activity.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused serious social and public health problems. In the field of personal protection, the facial masks can prevent infectious respiratory diseases, safeguard human health, and promote public safety. Herein, we focused on preparing a core filter layer for masks using electrospun polyvinyl butyral/apocynum venetum extract nanofibrous membranes (PVB/AVE NMs), with durable interception efficiency and antibacterial properties. In the spinning solution, AVE acted as a salt to improve electrical conductivity, and achieve long-lasting interception efficiency with adjustable pore size. It also played the role of an antibacterial agent in PVB/AVE NMs to achieve win-win effects. The hydrophobicity of PVB-AVE-6% was 120.9° whereas its filterability reached 98.3% when the pressure drop resistance was 142 Pa. PVB-AVE-6% exhibited intriguing properties with great antibacterial rates of 99.38% and 98.96% against S. aureus and E. coli, respectively. After a prolonged usability test of 8 h, the filtration efficiency of the PVB/AVE masks remained stable at over 97.7%. Furthermore, the antibacterial rates of the PVB/AVE masks on S. aureus and E. coli were 96.87% and 96.20% respectively, after using for 2 d. These results indicate that PVB/AVE NMs improve the protective performance of ordinary disposable masks, which has certain application in air filtration.

Study on the Controllable Preparation of Nd3+ Doped in Fe3O4 Nanoparticles for Magnetic Protective Fabrics.

Magnetic protective fabrics with fine wearability and great protective properties are highly desirable for aerospace, national defense, and wearable protective applications. The study of the controllable preparation method of Nd3+ doped in Fe3O4 nanoparticles with supposed magnetic properties remains a challenge. The characterization of the microstructure, elemental composition, and magnetic properties of NdFe2O4 nanoparticles was verified. Then, the surface of NdFe2O4 was treated with glyceric acid to provide sufficient -OH. Subsequently, the connection of the nanoparticle by the succinimide group was studied and then grafted onto cotton fabrics as its bridging effect. The optimal loading rate of the functional fabrics with nanoparticles of an average size of 230 nm was 1.37% after a 25% alkali pretreatment. The color fatness to rubbing results showed better stability after washing and drying. The corresponding hysteresis loop indicated that the functional fabrics exhibited typical magnetism behavior with a closed "S" shape and a magnetic saturation value of 17.61 emu.g-1 with a particle size of 230 nm. However, the magnetic saturation value of the cotton fabric of 90 nm was just 4.89 emu.g-1, exhibiting controllable preparation for the aimed electromagnetic properties and great potential in radiation protective fields. The electrochemical properties of the functional fabrics exhibited extremely weak electrical conductivity caused by the movement of the magnetic dipole derived from the NdFe2O4 nanoparticles.

Research progress of the biosynthetic strains and pathways of bacterial cellulose.

Bacterial cellulose is a glucose biopolymer produced by microorganisms and widely used as a natural renewable and sustainable resource in the world. However, few bacterial cellulose-producing strains and low yield of cellulose greatly limited the development of bacterial cellulose. In this review, we summarized the 30 cellulose-producing bacteria reported so far, including the physiological functions and the metabolic synthesis mechanism of bacterial cellulose, and the involved three kinds of cellulose synthases (type I, type II, and type III), which are expected to provide a reference for the exploration of new cellulose-producing microbes.

Fabrication of Form-Stable Phase Change Materials Based on Mechanically Flexible SiO2 Nanofibrous Mats for Thermal Energy Storage/Retrieval.

For overcoming the fragility of inorganic supporting materials as form-stable phase change materials (FSPCMs), flexible and soft SiO2 nanofibrous mats were applied as supporting materials of FSPCMs for storage/retrieval of thermal energy. Quaternary fatty acid eutectics were incorporated into SiO2 nanofibrous mats as representative phase change materials. Flexible SiO2 nanofibrous mats were prepared by electrospinning combined with annealing. The thermal energy storage capability, surface morphology and thermal energy storage/retrieval rate of FSPCMs were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laboratorymade thermal performance measurement device. The results indicated that the resultant SiO2 nanofibrous mats were soft and free-standing. Quaternary fatty acid eutectics were distributed uniformly in the three-dimensional (3D) network structure of the SiO2 nanofibrous mats, thereby effectively preventing fatty acid leakage. The absorption capacities of five types of quaternary fatty acid eutectics varied from 85.1% to 88.9%. Moreover, after 20 cycles, the phase change temperature and enthalpy of FSPCMs did not change significantly, suggesting that ideal thermal stability was achieved. The time for thermal energy storage/retrieval taken by FSPCMs was shortened by 23.1% at minimum from that for pure quaternary fatty acid eutectics. Therefore, the fabricated FSPCMs offer promising application prospects in a wide variety of fields, including solar energy utilization, temperature-regulating textiles and air-conditioning systems.

Protoporphyrin-IX conjugated cellulose nanofibers that exhibit high antibacterial photodynamic inactivation efficacy.

Towards the development of anti-infective nanoscale materials employing a photodynamic mechanism of action, we report the synthesis, physical properties (SEM, mechanical strength, water contact angle), spectroscopic characterization (infrared, Raman, DRUV), and evaluation of antibacterial efficacy of porphyrin-conjugated regenerated cellulose nanofibers, termed RC-TETA-PPIX-Zn. Cellulose acetate was electrospun to produce nanofibers, thermally treated to enhance mechanical strength, and finally hydrolyzed to produce regenerated cellulose (RC) nanofibers that possessed a high surface area and nanofibrous structure. Covalent grafting of a protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) photosensitizer using epichlorohydrin/triethylenetetramine (TETA), followed by zinc chelation, afforded RC-TETA-PPIX-Zn. The high surface area afforded by the nanofibers and efficient photosensitizer conjugation led to a very high loading of 412 nmol PPIX/mg material, corresponding to a degree of substitution of 0.1. Antibacterial efficacy was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC-6538) and Escherichia coli (ATCC-8099), with our best results achieving detection limit inactivation (99.999+%) of both bacteria after only 20 min illumination (Xe lamp, λ ≥ 420 nm). No statistically significant loss in antibacterial activity was observed when using nanofibers that had been 'photo-aged' with 5 h of pre-illumination to simulate the effects of photobleaching. Post aPDI, scanning electron microscopy revealed that the bacteria had undergone cell membrane leakage, consistent with oxidative damage caused by photo-generated reactive oxygen species. Taken together, the conjugation strategy employed here provides a scalable, facile and efficient route to creating nanofibrous materials from natural polymers with a high photosensitizer loading, enabling the use of commercially-available neutral porphyrin photosensitizers, such as PPIX, in the design and synthesis of potent anti-infective nanomaterials.

Cu Nanoparticles Improved Thermal Property of Form-Stable Phase Change Materials Made with Carbon Nanofibers and LA-MA-SA Eutectic Mixture.

A novel form-stable phase change materials (FSPCMs) was fabricated by incorporating fatty acid eutectics with electrospun carbon nanofibers (CNFs) surface-attached with copper (Cu) nanoparticles. Three different Cu/CNFs mats were made through combining the technique and principle of electrospinning, pre-oxidation/carbonization and in-situ reduction, while lauric-myristic-stearic acid (LA-MA-SA) ternary eutectic mixture was prepared as the model PCM. The morphology and crystal structure of Cu/CNFs were characterized by Fourier transfer infrared (FT-IR) spectra, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), respectively. The results showed that Cu nanoparticles dispersed uniformly on the surface of CNFs mats without agglomeration, and Cu/CNFs mats could provide the mechanical support for FSPCMs and effectively prevent the flow/leakage of molten fatty acid. Morphological structures, as well as the properties of thermal energy storage and thermal energy storage/retrieval rates, of the resulting FSPCMs were investigated by SEM, Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and measurement of melting/freezing times, respectively. The results indicated that the fabricated FSPCMs exhibited desired structural morphology, and LA-MA-SA well dispersed in three-dimensional porous structure of Cu/CNFs mats. The melting and crystallization enthalpies of the fabricated FSPCMs were in the range of 117.1-140.7 kJ/kg and 117.2-142.4 kJ/kg, respectively. In comparison with melting/freezing times of LA-MA-SA ternary eutectic mixture, the melting/freezing times of fabricated FSPCMs were respectively decreased ~27.0-49.2% and ~44.1-63.0%. The fabricated FSPCMs possessed good thermal energy storage/retrieval property, and might have great potential for renewable energy storage applications.

Deposition of TiO2 Nanoparticles on Porous Polylactic Acid Fibrous Substrates and Its Photocatalytic Capability.

In this work, porous electrospun polylactic acid (PLA) fibers with high specific surface area and excellent biodegradability were examined as the support of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs). The deposition of TiO2 NPs on porous electrospun PLA fibrous substrates was accomplished through the hydrolysis of titanium tetra isopropoxide (TTIP) under ultrasonic irradiation, and the effects of the TTIP concentrations on structure and property of composite fibers was also investigated. The prepared TiO2-deposited PLA composite fibers were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The results indicated that the anatase TiO2 NPs with an average size of about several tens of nanometers to 200 nm were successfully loaded onto surface of porous PLA fibrous substrates. Meanwhile, the TiO2 NPs liked a "double-edged sword," overfull deposition of TiO2 NPs had negative effect on the properties of composite fibers. Under the optimized condition, the TiO2 NPs deposited dispersedly on the surface of PLA fibers without severe agglomeration and this structure performed with a high specific surface area of 64.8 m2/g, which was 5 times as large as pure PLA nanofibers (12.9 m2/g). In addition, the prepared TiO2-loaded composite fibers showed satisfactory removal efficiency on MB, the MB concentration decreased about 75%, which was remarkably higher than that of pure PLA fibers. Compared with powdery TiO2, TiO2-loaded composite fibers showed considerable photocatalytic activity, as well as easier operation, confirming this hybrid composite fibers was suitable for the easier operated application of TiO2.

Design of flexible PANI-coated CuO-TiO2-SiO2 heterostructure nanofibers with high ammonia sensing response values.

We report a room-temperature ammonia sensor with extra high response values and ideal flexibility, including polyaniline (PANI)-coated titanium dioxide-silicon dioxide (TiO2-SiO2) or copper oxide-titanium dioxide-silicon dioxide (CuO-TiO2-SiO2) composite nanofibers. Such flexible inorganic TiO2-SiO2 and CuO-TiO2-SiO2 composite nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning, followed by calcination. Then, in situ polymerization of aniline monomers was carried out with inorganic TiO2-SiO2 and CuO-TiO2-SiO2 composite nanofibers as templates. Gas sensing tests at room temperature indicated that the obtained CuO-TiO2-SiO2/PANI composite nanofibers had much higher response values to ammonia gas (ca. 45.67-100 ppm) than most of those reported before as well as the prepared TiO2-SiO2/PANI composite nanofibers here. These excellent sensing properties may be due to the P-N, P-P heterojunctions and a structure similar to field-effect transistors formed on the interfaces between PANI, TiO2, and CuO, which is p-type, n-type, and p-type semiconductor, respectively. In addition, the prepared free-standing CuO-TiO2-SiO2/PANI composite nanofiber membrane was easy to handle and possessed ideal flexibility, which is promising for potential applications in wearable sensors in the future.

Synthesis of novel nitrogen-doped carbon dots for highly selective detection of iron ion.

Herein, we report an eco-friendly and simple fluorescent nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dot (N-CQD) biosensor which was synthesized via a hydrothermal method using erhanediamine (EDA) and citric acid (CA) as precursors. The surface functionalization of N-CQDs exhibited a bright blue emission under the excitation wavelength of 350 nm. The obtained N-CQDs were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that the surface of the CQDs was successfully functionalized. After that, as-prepared N-CQDs were further applied in Fe(III) detection. Spectroscopic data indicated that fluorescent carbon-based nanomaterials displayed a sensitive response to Fe3+ in the range of 0.5-1000 µM as a fluorescence sensor in real environmental samples. Furthermore, the results also showed that a novel N-CQD nanomaterial could be employed as an ideal fluorescent Fe(III) probe.

[Preparation and study of vaccarin-loaded nanofibers used as wound healing material].

A drug vaccarin loaded polymer poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-stilbazole quaternized (SbQ)/Zein was prepared in this study, using co-electrospun method. Then the morphologies and structures of PVA-SbQ/Zein composite nanofibers were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR), respectively. Finally, biocompatibility of PVA-SbQ/Zein nanofibers with drug and without drug was evaluated. Results showed that vaccarin-loaded PVA-SbQ/Zein nanofibers had smooth surface and showed non-toxic to L929 cells. Drug vaccarin could promote cells attachment on nanofibers. The wound healing performance was examined in vivo by rat skin models and histological observations, and PVA-SbQ/Zein/vaccarin nanofibers showed better wound healing performance than petrolatum gauze group.

Preparation of Pd/Bacterial Cellulose Hybrid Nanofibers for Dopamine Detection.

Palladium nanoparticle-bacterial cellulose (PdBC) hybrid nanofibers were synthesized by in-situ chemical reduction method. The obtained PdBC nanofibers were characterized by a series of analytical techniques. The results revealed that Pd nanoparticles were evenly dispersed on the surfaces of BC nanofibers. Then, the as-prepared PdBC nanofibers were mixed with laccase (Lac) and Nafion to obtain mixture suspension, which was further modified on electrode surface to construct novel biosensing platform. Finally, the prepared electrochemical biosensor was employed to detect dopamine. The analysis result was satisfactory, the sensor showed excellent electrocatalysis towards dopamine with high sensitivity (38.4 µA·mM(-1)), low detection limit (1.26 µM), and wide linear range (5-167 µM). Moreover, the biosensor also showed good repeatability, reproducibility, selectivity and stability and was successfully used in the detection of dopamine in human urine, thus providing a promising method for dopamine analysis in clinical application.

NiCu Alloy Nanoparticle-Loaded Carbon Nanofibers for Phenolic Biosensor Applications.

NiCu alloy nanoparticle-loaded carbon nanofibers (NiCuCNFs) were fabricated by a combination of electrospinning and carbonization methods. A series of characterizations, including SEM, TEM and XRD, were employed to study the NiCuCNFs. The as-prepared NiCuCNFs were then mixed with laccase (Lac) and Nafion to form a novel biosensor. NiCuCNFs successfully achieved the direct electron transfer of Lac. Cyclic voltammetry and linear sweep voltammetry were used to study the electrochemical properties of the biosensor. The finally prepared biosensor showed favorable electrocatalytic effects toward hydroquinone. The detection limit was 90 nM (S/N = 3), the sensitivity was 1.5 µA µM(-1), the detection linear range was 4 × 10(-7)-2.37 × 10(-6) M. In addition, this biosensor exhibited satisfactory repeatability, reproducibility, anti-interference properties and stability. Besides, the sensor achieved the detection of hydroquinone in lake water.

Immobilization of catalase on electrospun PVA/PA6-Cu(II) nanofibrous membrane for the development of efficient and reusable enzyme membrane reactor.

In this study, a mat/membrane consisting of overlaid PVA/PA6-Cu(II) composite nanofibers was prepared via the electrospinning technique followed by coordination/chelation with Cu(II) ions; an enzyme of catalase (CAT) was then immobilized onto the PVA/PA6-Cu(II) nanofibrous membrane. The amount of immobilized catalase reached a high value of 64 ± 4.6 mg/g, while the kinetic parameters (Vmax and Km) of enzyme were 3774 µmol/mg·min and 41.13 mM, respectively. Furthermore, the thermal stability and storage stability of immobilized catalase were improved significantly. Thereafter, a plug-flow type of immobilized enzyme membrane reactor (IEMR) was assembled from the PVA/PA6-Cu(II)-CAT membrane. With the increase of operational pressure from 0.02 to 0.2 MPa, the flux value of IEMR increased from 0.20 ± 0.02 to 0.76 ± 0.04 L/m(2)·min, whereas the conversion ratio of H2O2 decreased slightly from 92 ± 2.5% to 87 ± 2.1%. After 5 repeating cycles, the production capacity of IEMR was merely decreased from 0.144 ± 0.006 to 0.102 ± 0.004 mol/m(2)·min. These results indicated that the assembled IEMR possessed high productivity and excellent reusability, suggesting that the IEMR based on electrospun PVA/PA6-Cu(II) nanofibrous membrane might have great potential for various applications, particularly those related to environmental protection.

Effect of CSA concentration on the ammonia sensing properties of CSA-doped PA6/PANI composite nanofibers.

Camphor sulfonic acid (CSA)-doped polyamide 6/polyaniline (PA6/PANI) composite nanofibers were fabricated using in situ polymerization of aniline under different CSA concentrations (0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 and 0.10 M) with electrospun PA6 nanofibers as templates. The structural, morphological and ammonia sensing properties of the prepared composite nanofibers were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), four-point probe techniques, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and a home-made gas sensing test system. All the results indicated that the CSA concentration had a great influence on the sensing properties of CSA-doped PA6/PANI composite nanofibers. The composite nanofibers doped with 0.02 M CSA showed the best ammonia sensing properties, with a significant sensitivity toward ammonia (NH3) at room temperature, superior to that of the composite nanofibers doped with 0.04-0.10 mol/L CSA. It was found that for high concentrations of CSA, the number of PANI-H+ reacted with NH3 would not make up a high proportion of all PANI-H+ within certain limits. As a result, within a certain range even though higher CSA-doped PA6/PANI nanofibers had better conductivity, their ammonia sensing performance would degrade.

Laccase biosensor based on electrospun copper/carbon composite nanofibers for catechol detection.

The study compared the biosensing properties of laccase biosensors based on carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and copper/carbon composite nanofibers (Cu/CNFs). The two kinds of nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning and carbonization under the same conditions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy were employed to investigate the morphologies and structures of CNFs and Cu/CNFs. The amperometric results indicated that the Cu/CNFs/laccase(Lac)/Nafion/glass carbon electrode (GCE) possessed reliable analytical performance for the detection of catechol. The sensitivity of the Cu/CNFs/Lac/Nafion/GCE reached 33.1 µA/mM, larger than that of CNFs/Lac/Nafion/GCE. Meanwhile, Cu/CNFs/Lac/Nafion/GCE had a wider linear range from 9.95 × 10(-6) to 9.76 × 10(-3) M and a lower detection limit of 1.18 µM than CNFs/Lac/Nafion/GCE. Moreover, it exhibited a good repeatability, reproducibility, selectivity and long-term stability, revealing that electrospun Cu/CNFs have great potential in biosensing.

Laccase immobilized on a PAN/adsorbents composite nanofibrous membrane for catechol treatment by a biocatalysis/adsorption process.

The treatment of catechol via biocatalysis and adsorption with a commercial laccase immobilized on polyacrylonitrile/montmorillonite/graphene oxide (PAN/MMT/GO) composite nanofibers was evaluated with a homemade nanofibrous membrane reactor. The properties in this process of the immobilized laccase on PAN, PAN/MMT as well as PAN/MMT/GO with different weight ratios of MMT and GO were investigated. These membranes were successfully applied for removal of catechol from an aqueous solution. Scanning electron microscope images revealed different morphologies of the enzyme aggregates on different supports. After incorporation of MMT or MMT/GO, the optimum pH showed an alkaline shift to 4, compared to 3.5 for laccase immobilized on pure PAN nanofibers. The optimum temperature was at 55 °C for all the immobilized enzymes. Besides, the addition of GO improved the operational stability and storage stability. A 39% ± 2.23% chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal from the catechol aqueous solution was achieved. Experimental results suggested that laccase, PAN, adsorbent nanoparticles (MMT/GO) can be combined together for catechol treatment in industrial applications.

Cationic cellulose nanofiber solid electrolytes: A pathway to high lithium-ion migration and polysulfide adsorption for lithium-sulfur batteries.

Polyethylene oxide (PEO) solid electrolytes, acknowledged for their safety advantages over liquid counterparts, confront inherent challenges, including low ionic conductivity, restricted lithium ion migration, and mechanical fragility, notably pronounced in lithium­sulfur batteries due to the polysulfide shuttling phenomenon. To address these limitations, we integrate a quaternary ammonium cation-modified cellulose (QACC) nanofiber, electrospun with cellulose acetate (CA) from recycled cigarette filters, into the PEO electrolyte matrix. The nitrogen atom within the quaternary ammonium group exhibits a pronounced affinity for polysulfide compounds, effectively curtailing polysulfide migration. Concurrently, Lewis acid-base interactions between quaternary ammonium groups and lithium salt anions facilitate the release of additional Li+, achieving a lithium-ion transference number 1.5 times higher than its pure PEO counterpart. Furthermore, the introduction of a larger trifluoromethanesulfonimide (TFSI) group on the QACC macromolecule (TFSI-QACC) disrupts the ordered arrangement of PEO macromolecules, resulting in a noteworthy enhancement in ionic conductivity, reaching 2.07 × 10-4 S cm-1 at 60 °C, thus addressing the challenge of low PEO electrolyte conductivity. Moreover, the nanofiber enhances the mechanical strength of the PEO electrolyte from 0.49 to 7.50 MPa, mitigating safety concerns related to lithium dendrites puncturing the electrolyte. Consequently, the composite PEO demonstrates exemplary performance in lithium symmetrical batteries, enduring 500 h of continuous operation and completing 100 cycles at both room and elevated temperatures. This integrated approach, transitioning from waste to wealth, adeptly addresses a spectrum of challenges in the efficiency of solid-state electrolytes, holding considerable promise for advancing lithium­sulfur battery technology.

MoNP-doped Defective Carbon Fibers with Bark-like Nanosurface as Effective Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Zn-air Batteries.

The flexible air electrode with high oxygen electrocatalytic performance and outstanding stability under various deformations plays a vital role in high-performance flexible Zn-air batteries (ZABs). Herein, a self-supported Mo, N, and P co-doped carbon cloth (CC) denoted as MoNP@CC with bark-like surface structure is fabricated by a facile two-step approach via a one-pot method and pyrolysis. The surface of the electrode shows a nanoscale "rift valley" and uniformly distributed active sites. Taking advantage of the nano-surface as well as transition metal and heteroatom doping, the self-supported electrocatalysis air electrode exhibits considerable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance in terms of low overpotential (388 mV at 10 mA cm-2) for OER and a much positive potential (0.74 V) at 1.0 mA cm-2 for ORR. Furthermore, MoNP@CC is further used for the flexible ZAB to demonstrate its practical application. The MoNP@CC-based ZAB displays a good cycling performance for 2800 min and an open-circuit voltage of 1.44 V. This work provides a new approach to the construction of a high-performance, self-supported electrocatalysis electrode used for a flexible energy storage device.

A fast hemostatic and enhanced photodynamic 2-dimensional metal-organic framework loaded aerogel patch for wound management.

Achieving rapid hemostasis and highly effective antibacterial holds significant importance in the early-stage treatment of wounds. In this study, a hybrid aerogel patch comprising carbon quantum dots (CQDs) modified 2-dimensional (2D) porphyrinic metal-organic framework (MOF) nanosheets was designed by incorporating gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) and polyacrylamide (PAM) based matrix. On one hand, CQDs were stably doped onto the surface of the 2D MOF nanosheets, thereby enhancing the photodynamic activity through fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) process. After the preparation of hybrid aerogel patch, the patch loaded with CQDs-doped 2D MOF exhibited excellent photodynamic bactericidal activity against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (>99.99 %) and Gram-negative Escherichia coli (>99.99 %). On the other hand, the hybrid patch with highly porous and absorbent structure can rapidly absorb blood to aggregate clotting components and form a hydration barrier covering the wound to enhance hemostasis. Besides, the hemolysis and cytotoxicity assays demonstrated a good biocompatibility of this designed patch. In summary, this 2D MOF-loaded aerogel patch holds a potential to achieve rapid hemostasis and effective anti-infection in the early-stage treatment of traumatic wounds.