Transition metal associations with primary biological particles in sea spray aerosol generated in a wave channel.

In the ocean, breaking waves generate air bubbles which burst at the surface and eject sea spray aerosol (SSA), consisting of sea salt, biogenic organic species, and primary biological aerosol particles (PBAP). Our overall understanding of atmospheric biological particles of marine origin remains poor. Here, we perform a control experiment, using an aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer to measure the mass spectral signatures of individual particles generated by bubbling a salt solution before and after addition of heterotrophic marine bacteria. Upon addition of bacteria, an immediate increase occurs in the fraction of individual particle mass spectra containing magnesium, organic nitrogen, and phosphate marker ions. These biological signatures are consistent with 21% of the supermicrometer SSA particles generated in a previous study using breaking waves in an ocean-atmosphere wave channel. Interestingly, the wave flume mass spectral signatures also contain metal ions including silver, iron, and chromium. The nascent SSA bioparticles produced in the wave channel are hypothesized to be as follows: (1) whole or fragmented bacterial cells which bioaccumulated metals and/or (2) bacteria-derived colloids or biofilms which adhered to the metals. This study highlights the potential for transition metals, in combination with specific biomarkers, to serve as unique indicators for the presence of marine PBAP, especially in metal-impacted coastal regions.

Femoral stress fractures associated with long-term bisphosphonate treatment.

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have described unique clinical and radiographic characteristics of femoral stress fractures or low-energy fractures associated with long-term bisphosphonate therapy. However, it is unclear whether these fractures require subsequent surgery after the initial treatment. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: We performed a cohort analysis of bisphosphonate-associated femoral stress fractures to (1) confirm the unique clinical and radiographic findings compared with existing literature, (2) determine whether any patients with completed fractures had no preexisting transverse stress fracture lines, (3) assess the need for additional surgical procedures, and (4) determine whether the hospital length of stay (LOS) differed for patients with prophylactic fixation of stress fractures versus fixation of completed fractures. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 16 patients with 24 diaphyseal and subtrochanteric femoral stress fractures (14) or low-energy fractures (10) who had been on bisphosphonates for 3 to 10 years. Data included demographics, symptoms, medication history, radiographic characteristics, treatment parameters, LOS, and outcome. Minimum followup was 9 months (average, 44.0 months; median, 31 months; range, 9-112 months). RESULTS: All patients had clinical and radiographic findings similar to those reported in the literature. Two of four patients sustained completed fractures after radiographs failed to reveal transverse lateral fracture lines. None of the 14 prophylactically treated impending fractures progressed or required additional surgery; however, in five of 10 femurs treated after fracture completion, six additional surgeries were performed. The average hospital LOS was shorter in patients who underwent prophylactic fixation (3.8 days) than in patients treated for completed fractures (5.6 days). CONCLUSIONS: Bisphosphonate-associated stress fractures and completed fractures are unique, possessing subtle characteristic radiographic features. Completed fractures may occur through the thickened bone in the absence of an appreciable transverse stress fracture line. Our observations suggest prophylactic reconstruction nail fixation may avoid fracture completion and may be associated with a shorter hospital LOS and less morbidity than treatment of completed fractures. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, diagnostic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Compromise of Radiology Studies From Nonstandardized Viewing Platforms.

There is no standardization of proprietary radiology viewing software platform functions allowing recorded digital radiographic imaging studies on compact discs (CDs) to be viewed in a standardized manner at subsequent institutions. Primary concerns include the following: (1) a large number of image viewing software platforms with a wide variety of features making familiarity with use difficult, (2) an inordinate amount of time required to load imaging data, (3) imaging data may not upload or be viewed with the care center's picture archiving and communication system, (4) navigation through imaging studies is inconsistent and tedious, and (5) image viewing requires additional software downloads. Additionally, images generated from "outside CDs" are frequently of low quality and resolution, eliminating the ability to render a reliable diagnosis. The authors sought to determine the frequency and extent of these functional problems by analyzing a sample of 50 consecutive radiology CDs containing imaging studies referred to a university orthopedic oncology practice. Eighteen different viewing software platforms were encountered. Only 24 (48%) of the CDs met all optimal system criteria. Mean time required to load the studies was 3.4 seconds using the picture archiving and communication system and 37.9 seconds using the proprietary viewing software (P<.001). Fifteen (30%) of the CDs did not upload to the institution's picture archiving and communication system, and 18 (36%) required additional downloads and/or license agreements. Four CDs did not contain Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine images. Physicians using radiology studies on CDs encounter numerous difficulties in evaluating patients' imaging data because of the plethora of viewing software platforms. These difficulties add time and cost and compromise patient care. [Orthopedics. 2018; 41(1):e136-e141.].

Extracorporeal bypass preserved composite anterior thigh free flap (periosteo-musculo-fascio-cutaneous) for hemipelvectomy reconstruction: utilizing the periosteal component for abdominal wall fascial reconstruction.

We present a case of a right external hemipelvectomy for chondroblastic osteosarcoma originating from the right ilium and reconstruction with salvage parts; cardiopulmonary bypass preserved anterior thigh free flap. The resection required sacrifice of the right common iliac artery and vein and the entire right gluteus maximus muscle. The first stage of the procedure was a high above-knee amputation on the ipsilateral leg. The amputated extremity was placed on extracorporeal bypass utilizing the common femoral artery and vein. This technique, previously unreported, supported the successful utilization of the anterior thigh free flap for both soft tissue and abdominal wall facial reconstruction.

A mechanical comparison and review of transverse, step-cut, and sigmoid osteotomies.

Successful incorporation of massive allografts for the treatment of bone deficiency demands maximizing biologic and mechanical factors. These factors have yet to be mastered, as evidenced by the 8% to 17% nonunion and the 5% to 20% fracture rate. The current study addresses the allograft incorporation process by examining the three construct geometries: transverse, step-cut, and sigmoid. Specimens were plated and mounted on a mechanical testing machine. A rotational displacement was applied, and torsional stiffness (N-m/ degrees ), maximum torque (N-m), and maximum displacement ( degrees ) were calculated. The sigmoid osteotomies had a torsional stiffness of 1.90 +/- 0.68 N-m/ degrees and maximum torque of 18.85 +/- 6.63 N-m versus 0.99 +/- N-m/ degrees and 14.48 +/- 2.15 N-m for the transverse osteotomies; and a maximum angular displacement of 11.60 degrees +/- 1.78 degrees versus 5.73 degrees +/- 1.6 degrees for the step-cut osteotomies. The step-cut osteotomies consistently failed at the step-cut corners, which acted as stress risers. Computer-aided solid modeling of the contact surfaces showed that the step and sigmoid osteotomy areas were 74% and 44%, respectively, larger than the transverse osteotomy. The sigmoid osteotomy, created with a template and pneumatic drill, seems to offer a mechanical advantage over the transverse and step-cut osteotomies by increasing stability and contact surface area relative to the transverse osteotomy but reducing the stress-riser effect of the step-cut osteotomy.