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Skin injuries can have unexpected surfaces, leading to uneven wound surfaces and inadequate dressing contact with these irregular surfaces. This can decrease the dressing's haemostatic action and increase the healing period. This study recommends the use of sticky and flexible cryogel coverings to promote faster haemostasis and efficiently handle uneven skin wounds. Alginate cryogels have a fast haemostatic effect and shape flexibility due to their macroporous structure. The material demonstrates potent antibacterial characteristics and enhances skin adherence by adding grafted chitosan with gallic acid. In irregular defect wound models, cryogels can cling closely to uneven damage surfaces due to their amorphous nature. Furthermore, their macroporous structure allows for quick haemostasis by quickly absorbing blood and wound exudate. After giving the dressing a thorough rinse, its adhesive strength reduces and it is simple to remove without causing any damage to the wound. Cryogel demonstrated faster haemostasis than gauze in a wound model on a rat tail, indicating that it has considerable potential for use as a wound dressing in the biomedical area.
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Bandagens , Criogéis , Hemostasia , Cicatrização , Criogéis/farmacologia , Animais , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Hemostasia/efeitos dos fármacos , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Quitosana/farmacologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Alginatos/farmacologia , Masculino , Ferimentos e Lesões/tratamento farmacológico , Ferimentos e Lesões/terapia , Hemostáticos/farmacologia , Pele/lesõesRESUMO
Tumorigenesis of bladder cancer and retinoblastoma is correlated with long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) RBAT1. However, the role of RBAT1 in ovarian carcinoma (OC) is unclear. Thus, the study explored the role of RBAT1 in OC. This research enrolled patients with OC ( n = 68), irritable bowel disease (IBD, n = 68, females), digestive tract inflammation (DTI, n = 68, females), urinary tract infection (UTI, n = 68, females), endometriosis (EM, n = 68, females), and healthy controls (HCs, n = 68) to collect plasma sampled. OC and paired non-tumor tissues were collected from patients with OC. RBAT1 accumulation in all samples was analyzed using RT-qPCR. The role of plasma RBAT1 in OC diagnosis was examined using the ROC curves with OC patients as the true positive cases and other patients and HCs as the true negative cases. The role of RBAT1 in predicting the survival of OC patients was analyzed using the survival curve study. RBAT1 was overexpressed in both OC plasma and tissues. Plasma RBAT1 levels were correlated with RBAT1 levels in OC tissues but not in non-tumor tissues. Plasma RBAT1 could distinguish OC patients from other patients and HCs. Patients with high plasma RBAT1 levels had a shorter survival. RBAT1 is overexpressed in OC and might be applied to improve the diagnosis and prognosis of OC.
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Carcinoma , Neoplasias Ovarianas , RNA Longo não Codificante , Feminino , Humanos , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , Carcinoma Epitelial do Ovário/genética , Neoplasias Ovarianas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Ovarianas/genética , Neoplasias Ovarianas/patologia , PrognósticoRESUMO
There has been a significant amount of interest in the past two decades in the study of the evolution of the gut microbiota, its internal and external impacts on the gut, and risk factors for cerebrovascular disorders such as cerebral ischemic stroke. The network of bidirectional communication between gut microorganisms and their host is known as the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA). There is mounting evidence that maintaining gut microbiota homeostasis can frequently enhance the effectiveness of ischemic stroke treatment by modulating immune, metabolic, and inflammatory responses through MGBA. To effectively monitor and cure ischemic stroke, restoring a healthy microbial ecology in the gut may be a critical therapeutic focus. This review highlights mechanistic insights on the MGBA in disease pathophysiology. This review summarizes the role of MGBA signaling in the development of stroke risk factors such as aging, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and atherosclerosis, as well as changes in the microbiota in experimental or clinical populations. In addition, this review also examines dietary changes, the administration of probiotics and prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation as treatment options for ischemic stroke as potential health benefits. It will become more apparent how the MGBA affects human health and disease with continuing advancements in this emerging field of biomedical sciences.
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AVC Isquêmico , Probióticos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Humanos , Prebióticos , Transplante de Microbiota Fecal , Probióticos/uso terapêutico , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/terapia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/metabolismoRESUMO
Nickel oxide nanoparticles (Nano NiO) bears hepatotoxicity, while whether it leads to liver fibrosis remains unclear. The aim of this study was to establish the Nano NiO-induced hepatic fibrosis model in vivo and investigate the roles of transforming growth factor ß1 (TGF-ß1) in Smad pathway activation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) occurrence, and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in vitro. Male Wistar rats were exposed to 0.015, 0.06, and 0.24 mg/kg Nano NiO by intratracheal instilling twice a week for 9 weeks. HepG2 cells were treated with 100 µg/mL Nano NiO and TGF-ß1 inhibitor (SB431542) to explore the mechanism of collagen formation. Results of Masson staining as well as the elevated levels of type I collagen (Col-I) and Col-III suggested that Nano NiO resulted in hepatic fibrosis in rats. Furthermore, Nano NiO increased the protein expression of TGF-ß1, p-Smad2, p-Smad3, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), matrix metalloproteinase9 (MMP9), and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase1 (TIMP1), while decreased the protein content of E-cadherin and Smad7 in rat liver and HepG2 cells. Most importantly, Nano NiO-triggered the abnormal expression of the abovementioned proteins were all alleviated by co-treatment with SB431542, implying that TGF-ß1-mediated Smad pathway, EMT and MMP9/TIMP1 imbalance were involved in overproduction of collagen in HepG2 cells. In conclusion, these findings indicated that Nano NiO induced hepatic fibrosis via TGF-ß1-mediated Smad pathway activation, EMT occurrence, and ECM deposition.
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Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal/efeitos dos fármacos , Cirrose Hepática/induzido quimicamente , Nanopartículas/química , Níquel/toxicidade , Proteínas Smad/metabolismo , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta1/metabolismo , Actinas/metabolismo , Animais , Colágeno Tipo I/metabolismo , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Cirrose Hepática/metabolismo , Cirrose Hepática/patologia , Masculino , Níquel/química , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Transdução de SinaisRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The mental well-being of patients with chronic heart failure is likely to influence their health-related quality of life and decrease the utilization of public health resources. This study assessed the mental well-being of patients with chronic heart failure and evaluated the reliability and validity of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional survey from July 2016 to July 2017 among 191 patients with chronic heart failure, and examined psychometric properties of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale, such as internal consistency, reliability, test-retest reliability, and factorial validity of the Chinese version of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale. RESULTS: One-dimensional construct validity was demonstrated by confirmatory factor analysis. The psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale were satisfactory in our sample of patients with chronic heart failure. The internal consistency reliability was .948 and the test-retest reliability .925. The item-total correlations ranged from .405 to .872. There was a strong correlation (r = .79) between the Chinese version of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale and the five-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index. The Chinese version of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale appears acceptable for use in patients with chronic heart failure, and we were able to verify its reliability and validity with our sample. CONCLUSIONS: The Chinese version of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale is a reliable quantitative tool for evaluating mental well-being in patients with chronic heart failure in clinical settings, and this has important implications for overall assessments of mental well-being in patients with chronic heart failure.
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Insuficiência Cardíaca/psicologia , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica/normas , Qualidade de Vida , Adulto , Idoso , China , Comparação Transcultural , Estudos Transversais , Análise Fatorial , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
This study concentrated on the pollution level, sources, and lung cancer risk of PM2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in spring in Nanjing, China. The PM2.5 samples were collected in spring of the year 2016 in Nanjing. Sixteen United States Environmental Protection Agency priority PAHs were extracted and analyzed after sampling. The mean concentrations of PAHs and BaPeq were 3.98 ± 1.01 and 0.29 ± 0.08 ng/m3, respectively, which is a low level among results from regions worldwide. The diurnal variations of PAHs and BaPeq concentrations showed a relatively high level in the early morning, at the morning rush time of work and traffic transportation, and in the evening traffic peak hours. According to the results of diagnostic ratios, PAHs originated mainly from traffic exhaust, especially diesel vehicle emissions. In a single day, the highest inhalation exposure level was focused between 4 a.m. and 6 a.m., whereas the time between 12 a.m. to 2 p.m. in a day had the lowest exposure dose. Due to the inhalation exposure, the median values of incremental lung cancer risk in spring were estimated to be 7.08 × 10-9, 5.29 × 10-9, 3.53 × 10-8, 5.21 × 10-9, 7.21 × 10-9, 5.24 × 10-9, 3.01 × 10-8, and 5.40 × 10-9 for boys, male adolescents, male adults, male seniors, girls, female adolescents, female adults, and female seniors, respectively, indicating low potential lung cancer risk.
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Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , Poluição do Ar/estatística & dados numéricos , Exposição por Inalação/estatística & dados numéricos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/epidemiologia , Material Particulado/análise , Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos/análise , Adulto , China , Monitoramento Ambiental , HumanosRESUMO
This paper focused on the pollution characteristics, sources and lung cancer risk of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a new urban district of Nanjing, China. Gaseous and aerosol PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter smaller than 2.5µm) samples were collected in spring of 2015. Sixteen PAHs were extracted and analyzed after sampling. Firstly, arithmetic mean concentrations of PAHs and BaPeq (benzo[a]pyrene equivalent) were calculated. The mean concentrations of PAHs were 29.26±14.13, 18.14±5.37 and 48.47±16.03ng/m3 in gas phase, particle phase and both phases, respectively. The mean concentrations of BaPeq were 0.87±0.51, 2.71±2.17 and 4.06±2.31ng/m3 in gas phase, particle phase and both phases, respectively. Secondly, diagnostic ratios and principal component analysis were adopted to identify the sources of PAHs and the outcomes were the same: traffic exhaust was the predominant source followed by fuel combustion and industrial process. Finally, incremental lung cancer risk (ILCR) induced by whole year inhalation exposure to PAHs for population groups of different age and gender were estimated based on a Monte Carlo simulation. ILCR values caused by particle phase PAHs were greater than those caused by gas phase PAHs. ILCR values for adults were greater than those for other age groups. ILCR values caused by total (gas+particle) PAHs for diverse groups were all greater than the significant level (l0-6), indicating high potential lung cancer risk. Sensitivity analysis results showed that cancer slope factor for BaP inhalation exposure and BaPeq concentration had greater impact than body weight and inhalation rate on the ILCR.
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Poluição do Ar/estatística & dados numéricos , Atmosfera/química , Monitoramento Ambiental , Exposição por Inalação/estatística & dados numéricos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/epidemiologia , Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos/análise , Adulto , Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , China/epidemiologia , HumanosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Few studies have focused on the quality of life (QoL) associated medical costs for COPD in China. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of 678 COPD patients was conducted in four major cities (Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Chengdu), China, in 2011. Data on socio-demographic information, health conditions and medical costs were collected through a face-to-face interview combined with medical record searching. The EuroQol (EQ-5D) health questionnaire was applied to assess the QoL of COPD patients. RESULTS: Among 678 patients with COPD, nearly 40% had difficulties in mobility, usual activities and pain/discomfort, one third had various degrees of anxiety/depression, and one fifth had difficulties in self-care. The COPD patients had a median utility score of 0.768 and a median visual analog scale score of 70. The degree of difficulties in any dimensions significantly increased, and utility and health scores decreased with severity of the disease. Age, gender and disease severity were significantly associated with the quality of life after taking other covariates into consideration. Poorer QoL was a significant indicator of higher direct medical costs for COPD patients. CONCLUSION: Impaired quality of life was significantly linked to increased medical costs for COPD patients and could be an important measure for policy- and decision-making in COPD care.
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Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/economia , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/terapia , Qualidade de Vida , Autocuidado/estatística & dados numéricos , Perfil de Impacto da Doença , População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Pequim , China , Efeitos Psicossociais da Doença , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by hyperandrogenism, hyperinsulinemia, and infertility. In PCOS, abnormal regulation of relevant genes is required for follicular development. By binding to the 3' untranslated region (3'URT), microRNAs (miRNAs) are widely involved in posttranscriptional gene regulation. However, few studies have been conducted on circulating miRNA expression in PCOS. This study aims to describe altered expression of circulating miR-21 in PCOS. METHODS: The expression of serum miRNAs of PCOS patients were explored using the TaqMan Low Density Array followed by individual quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays. The protein level of LATS1 was determined using Western blot. To validate whether miR-21 targeted LATS1, the luciferase assay was applied. RESULTS: In comparison with normal subjects, the circulating level of miRNA-21 was significantly enhanced in PCOS patients. In PCOS patients, the expression levels of MST1/2, LATS1/2, TAZ were much lower than the control subjects. Luciferase reporter assay revealed that LATS1 was a downstream target of miR-21. CONCLUSIONS: In comparison with normal subjects, serum miR-21 is obviously increased in PCOS patients. Through targeting LATS1, miR-21 could prompt PCOS progression and could act as a novel non-invasive biomarker for diagnosis of PCOS.
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MicroRNAs/genética , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/genética , Regiões 3' não Traduzidas , Adulto , Sítios de Ligação , Western Blotting , Feminino , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica/métodos , Marcadores Genéticos , Células HEK293 , Humanos , MicroRNAs/sangue , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/sangue , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/diagnóstico , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/sangue , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/genética , Estudos Retrospectivos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Transfecção , Regulação para Cima , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the modification effects of ozone on the relationship between PM10 and daily mortality. METHODS: Daily total non-accidental, cardiovascular and respiratory motality data in Beijing, Shanghai and Suzhou from 2001 to 2008 were collected from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention of each city. The concentration of PM10 and ozone and other Meteorology data during the study period were abtained from the national air quality monitoring network. A generalized additive model (GAM) were used to estimate the acute effects of air pollution on daily mortality in the three cities. The time-series method were applied to analyze the association between air pollution and daily mortality. In order to analyze the interaction effect between PM10 and ozone, ozone were stratified into three levels (≤5% . as low from 5% - 95% . as moderate, >95%, as high) and then analyzed the effect of PM10. A Meta analysis was used to describe the effect of PM10 in all the cities. RESULTS: With the increment of ozone, PM10 corresponded to an increase of total, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality in Beijing, Shanghai and Suzhou. The result of the Meta analyses showed that on the days of "low" ozone, a 10 µg/m3 increment in PM10 corresponded to a 0.47% (95% CI - 0. 74%, 1. 67%) decrease in total mortality, 0. 36% (95% CI - 0. 59%, 1. 31%) decrease in cardiovascular mortality, and 0. 69% (95% CI - 0. 52%, 1. 90%) decrease in respiratory mortality. When it was moderate, the increment was 0.45% (95% CI 0. 26%, 0. 63%), 0. 16% (95% CI - 2. 26%, 1. 95%) and 0. 57% (95% CI 0. 13%, 1. 02%). The increment was 0. 82% (95% CI 0. 24% , 1. 39%), 0. 37% (95% CI 0. 07%, 0. 66% ) and 1. 13% (95% CI - 0. 67% , 2. 92%) while the.zone was high. CONCLUSION: Ozone could modify the effect of PM10 on the daily mortality.
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Poluentes Atmosféricos/toxicidade , Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Mortalidade , Ozônio/toxicidade , Material Particulado/toxicidade , Doenças Respiratórias/mortalidade , Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , Poluição do Ar , China/epidemiologia , Cidades , Humanos , Ozônio/análise , Tamanho da Partícula , Material Particulado/análise , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Background: This study was performed to determine the biological processes in which NKX2-1 is involved and thus its role in the development of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) toward improving the prognosis and treatment of LUSC. Methods: Raw RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data of LUSC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were used in bioinformatics analysis to characterize NKX2-1 expression levels in tumor and normal tissues. Survival analysis of Kaplan-Meier curve, the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and a nomogram were used to analyze the prognosis value of NKX2-1 for LUSC in terms of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Then, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Gene Ontology (GO), and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were used to clarify the biological mechanisms potentially involved in the development of LUSC. Moreover, the correlation between the NKX2-1 expression level and tumor mutation burden (TMB), tumor microenvironment (TME), and immune cell infiltration revealed that NKX2-1 participates in the development of LUSC. Finally, we studied the effects of NKX2-1 on drug therapy. To validate the protein and gene expression levels of NKX2-1 in LUSC, we employed immunohistochemistry(IHC) datasets, The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and qRT-PCR analysis. Results: NKX2-1 expression levels were significantly lower in LUSC than in normal lung tissue. It significantly differed in gender, stage and N classification. The survival analysis revealed that high expression of NKX2-1 had shorter OS and PFS in LUSC. The multivariate Cox regression hazard model showed the NKX2-1 expression as an independent prognostic factor. Then, the nomogram predicted LUSC prognosis. There are 51 upregulated DEGs and 49 downregulated DEGs in the NKX2-1 high-level groups. GO, KEGG and GSEA analysis revealed that DEGs were enriched in cell cycle and DNA replication.The TME results show that NKX2-1 expression was positively associated with mast cells resting, neutrophils, monocytes, T cells CD4 memory resting, and M2 macrophages but negatively associated with M1 macrophages. The TMB correlated negatively with NKX2-1 expression. The pharmacotherapy had great sensitivity in the NKX2-1 low-level group, the immunotherapy is no significant difference in the NKX2-1 low-level and high-level groups. The analysis of GEO data demonstrated concurrence with TCGA results. IHC revealed NKX2-1 protein expression in tumor tissues of both LUAD and LUSC. Meanwhile qRT-PCR analysis indicated a significantly lower NKX2-1 expression level in LUSC compared to LUAD. These qRT-PCR findings were consistent with co-expression analysis of NKX2-1. Conclusion: We conclude that NKX2-1 is a potential biomarker for prognosis and treatment LUSC. A new insights of NKX2-1 in LUSC is still needed further research.
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Biomarcadores Tumorais , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Fator Nuclear 1 de Tireoide , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/imunologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/imunologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Nomogramas , Prognóstico , Fator Nuclear 1 de Tireoide/genética , Fator Nuclear 1 de Tireoide/metabolismo , Microambiente Tumoral/imunologia , Microambiente Tumoral/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disabling neurological disease that causes cognitive impairment and mental problems that occur in all MS phenotypes but are most common in patients with secondary progressive MS. Various degrees of cognitive impairment and mental health concerns are common among patients with MS (PwMS). Virtual reality (VR)-based rehabilitation is an innovative approach aimed at enhancing cognitive function and mood in PwMS. This study aims to perform a meta-analysis to assess the effects of VR-based rehabilitation on cognitive function and mood in PwMS. METHODS: Using PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), a thorough database search was performed to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effects of VR on PwMS. Trials published until October 31, 2023, that satisfied our predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria were included. Data were extracted, literature was examined, and the methodological quality of the included trials was assessed. StataSE version 16 was used for the meta-analysis. RESULTS: Our meta-analysis included 461 patients from 10 RCTs. PRIMARY OUTCOMES: The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) (weighted mean difference [WMD]=1.93, 95 % confidence interval [CI]=0.51-3.36, P = 0.008, I² = 75.4 %) the Spatial Recall Test (SPART) (WMD=3.57, 95 % CI=1.65-5.50, P < 0.001, I² = 0 %), immediate recall (standard mean difference [SMD]=0.37, 95 % CI=0.10-0.64, P = 0.007, I² = 0 %) and delayed recall ([SMD]=0.30, 95 % CI=0.06-0.54, P = 0.013, I² = 35.4 %) showed improvements in comparison to the control group in terms of global cognitive function immediate recall, delayed recall, and visuospatial abilities. SECONDARY OUTCOMES: Compared to the control group, anxiety improved (standard mean difference [SMD]=0.36, 95 % CI=0.10-0.62, P = 0.007, I² = 43.1 %). However, there were no significant differences in processing speed, attention, working memory or depression. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review provides valuable evidence for improving cognitive function and mood in PwMS through VR-based rehabilitation. In the future, VR-based rehabilitation may be a potential method to treat cognitive function and emotional symptoms of MS. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO; identifier: CRD42023474467.
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Esclerose Múltipla , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Humanos , Afeto/fisiologia , Cognição/fisiologia , Disfunção Cognitiva/reabilitação , Disfunção Cognitiva/etiologia , Esclerose Múltipla/reabilitação , Esclerose Múltipla/complicações , Esclerose Múltipla/psicologia , Reabilitação Neurológica/métodos , Realidade Virtual , Terapia de Exposição à Realidade Virtual/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Severe inflammation and oxidative stress are characteristics of sepsis-associated kidney injury with high morbidity and mortality. Eriocitrin (ERI) has shown promise in suppressing sepsis-associated kidney injury and LPS-induced periodontal disease, however, its efficacy in alleviating SAKI remains unexplored. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of ERI on SAKI through in vivo and in vitro experiments, elucidating its underlying mechanism. METHODS: The therapeutic effects of ERI against SAKI were evaluated by survival rate, changes of serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and statistic of renal histological score in a Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced septic mice. Impactions about anti-coagulation, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress and improvement of mitochondrial damage and mitochondrial morphology were further assayed. In vitro, HUVECs upon stimulation of LPS with or without different dosage of ERI, followed by evaluating changes in inflammation, mitochondrial dynamic equilibrium and signaling pathways. RESULTS: ERI demonstrated ameliorative effects on SAKI by attenuating inflammation, oxidative stress and coagulation evidenced by the improved survival rate, alleviated kidney histological injury, declined BUN and Scr in serum and diminished levels of inflammation cytokines, and coagulation factors. Mechanistically, ERI suppressed DRP1-regulated mitochondrial fission and promoted OPA1-modulated mitochondrial fusion by activating Nrf2 in septic mice and LPS-stimulated HUVECs, which maintained mitochondrial dynamic equilibrium, improved mitochondrial morphology, assured integrity of mitochondrial function, decreased oxidative stress, impeded overwhelming inflammation, and thus, played a pivotal role in ERI's protection against SAKI. CONCLUSION: Our data confirmed the therapeutic potential of ERI in mitigating SAKIï¼suggesting its viability as a pharmacological agent in clinic settings.
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Injúria Renal Aguda , Anti-Inflamatórios , Dinaminas , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2 , Estresse Oxidativo , Sepse , Transdução de Sinais , Animais , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/metabolismo , Sepse/complicações , Sepse/tratamento farmacológico , Sepse/metabolismo , Camundongos , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Injúria Renal Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Injúria Renal Aguda/metabolismo , Injúria Renal Aguda/prevenção & controle , Injúria Renal Aguda/patologia , Injúria Renal Aguda/etiologia , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Masculino , Dinaminas/metabolismo , Humanos , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Células Endoteliais da Veia Umbilical Humana/metabolismo , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Inflamação/metabolismo , Inflamação/patologia , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Background: Post-stroke dysphagia (PSD) affects the efficacy and safety of swallowing, causing serious complications. Acupuncture is a promising and cost-effective treatment for PSD; however, as the number of randomized controlled trials increases, scientific analysis of the parameters and acupoint prescription is required. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effects of acupuncture on parameters related to post-stroke dysphagia (PSD). Methods: We searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature, and Chongqing VIP Database for randomized controlled trials of acupuncture for PSD in the last 15 years and relevant parameters were analyzed using data mining techniques. Results: In total, 3,205 records were identified, of which 3,507 patients with PSD were included in 39 studies. The comprehensive analysis demonstrated that the closest parameter combinations of acupuncture on PSD were 0.25 mm × 40 mm needle size, 30 min retention time, five treatments per week, and a 4-week total course of treatment. Additionally, the gallbladder and nontraditional meridians, crossing points, and head and neck sites are the most commonly used acupoint parameters. The core acupoints identified were GB20, RN23, EX-HN14, Gongxue, MS6, SJ17, EX-HN12, EX-HN13, and the commonly used combination of EX-HN12, EX-HN13, GB20, and RN23. Conclusion: This study analyzed the patterns of PSD-related needling and acupoint parameters to provide evidence-based guidelines for clinical acupuncturists in treating PSD, potentially benefitting affected patients.
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Inflammatory pain (IP) is one of the most prevalent and intractable human conditions, and it leads to progressive dysfunction and reduced quality of life. Additionally, IP is incredibly challenging to treat successfully with drugs or surgery. The development of IP is complex and multifactorial, and peripheral and central sensitization may influence chronicity and treatment resistance in IP. Understanding the mechanisms underlying IP is vital for developing novel therapies. Strong evidence suggests that exercise can be a first-line relief for patients with IP during rehabilitation. However, the mechanisms through which exercise improves IP remain unclear. Here, we reviewed the current animal experimental evidence for an exercise intervention in IP and proposed biological mechanisms for the effects of synaptic plasticity in the anterior cingulate cortex, endocannabinoids, spinal dorsal horn excitability balance, immune cell polarization balance, cytokines, and glial cells. This information will contribute to basic science and strengthen the scientific basis for exercise therapy prescriptions for IP in clinical practice.
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Background: Dysphagia is a common complication after stroke, which not only brings adverse outcomes but also greatly affects the quality of life of patients. At present, there is no systematic review or meta-analysis to comprehensively evaluate the epidemiological characteristics of post-stroke dysphagia (PSD). A systematic review of the prevalence, risk factors, and prognosis of PSD is essential. Methods: Through 31 December 2022, a comprehensive literature search was performed for observational studies related to PSD. Five databases were retrieved. Random-effects models were used to estimate the pooled prevalence, odds ratio (OR), and 95% CIs. Results: A total of 34 studies were included, and the results showed that the overall prevalence of PSD was 46.6% (95% CI, 0.405-0.528). The prevalence of dysphagia in ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke was 43.6% (95% CI 0.370-0.501) and 58.8% (95% CI 0.519-0.654), respectively. The prevalence of PSD in Africa was 49.4% (95% CI, 0.196-0.792), in Asia was 40.1% (95% CI, 0.348-0.454), in Europe was 45.8% (95% CI, 0.327-0.590), in North America was 44.3% (95% CI, 0.370-0.517), in South America was 57.5% (95% CI, 0.441-0.708), and in Oceania was 64.1% (95%CI, 0.558, 0.724). In risk factor analysis, hypertension, previous stroke, and atrial fibrillation were significantly associated with the occurrence of PSD, pooled OR = 1.179 [(95% CI, 1.002-1.386), p < 0.05], pooled OR = 1.514 [(95% CI, 1.204-1.905), p < 0.001], and pooled OR = 1.980 [(95% CI, 1.580-2.481), p < 0.001]. In outcome studies, the prevalence of aphasia and dysarthria in PSD was 35.6% (95% CI, 0.213-0.499) and 54.5% (95% CI, 0.293-0.798), respectively. The prevalence of respiratory tract infection was 27.1% (95%CI, -0.038-0.579), and the prevalence of pneumonitis was 32.1% (95% CI, 0.224-0.418). Persistence of dysphagia at discharge and at 1 month was 74.5% (95% CI, 0.621-0.869) and 50.9% (95% CI, 0.142-0.876), respectively. Mortality rates for PSD patients during admission and discharge at 1 month, 3 months, and 1 year were 11.8% (95% CI, 0.083-0.152), 26.5% (95% CI, 0.170-0.359), 25.7% (95% CI, 0.19-0.324), and 31.3% (95% CI, 0.256-0.369), respectively. Conclusion: This study found that the overall prevalence of PSD was 46.6%. Prevalence is most influenced by the diagnosis method. Hypertension, history of stroke, atrial fibrillation, patient age, and stroke severity were risk factors significantly associated with PSD. The prevalence of aphasia, dysarthria, respiratory tract infection, and pneumonitis in PSD patients is 2-4 times that of patients without PSD.Systematic review registration: www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, PROSPERO, CRD42021252967.
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Cirrhosis is an aggressive disease, and over 80 % of liver cancer patients are complicated by cirrhosis, which lacks effective therapies. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a promising option for treating liver cirrhosis. However, this therapeutic approach is often challenged by the low homing ability and short survival time of transplanted MSCs in vivo. Therefore, a novel and efficient cell delivery system for MSCs is urgently required. This new system can effectively extend the persistence and duration of MSCs in vivo. In this study, we present novel porous microspheres with microfluidic electrospray technology for the encapsulation of bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs) in the treatment of liver cirrhosis. Porous microspheres loaded with BMSCs (Mi-BMSCs) exhibit good biocompatibility and demonstrate better anti-inflammatory properties than BMSCs alone. Mi-BMSCs significantly increase the duration of BMSCs and exert potent anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrosis effects against CCl4 and TAA-induced liver cirrhosis by targeting the TGF-ß/Smad signaling pathway to ameliorate cirrhosis, which highlight the potential of Mi-BMSCs as a promising therapeutic approach for early liver cirrhosis.
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BACKGROUND: Kaixinsan (KXS) decoction is a traditional Chinese herbal formulation commonly used to treat depression. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of KXS, which is widely used, alone and in combination with other therapies, for the treatment of depression. The main objective was to assess the efficacy and safety of KXS in the treatment of depression as a single agent or in combination with other methods. METHODS: Randomized controlled trials of KXS in the treatment of depression were systematically searched from several Chinese and English databases with no language restriction. Patients in these studies met the relevant diagnostic criteria for depression. Data on HAMD, SDS, practical situations, and occurrence of side effects in the studies were extracted. Finally, the methodological quality and risk of bias of the included studies were assessed using the Jadad scale and Cochrane bias evaluation tool. RESULTS: Twelve studies with 1034 patients were included after screening. The Jadad scale and Cochrane bias evaluation tool indicated that the quality of the studies ranged from fair to good, with 41.7% categorized as good and 58.3% as poor. Egger test and funnel plots showed that the publication bias remain low. CONCLUSION: The results showed that the frequency of side effects in the control group was higher than that in the treatment group, and there was a statistically significant difference. KXS was comparable or superior to antidepressants in treating depression and has fewer side effects. The data analysis showed that effectiveness and other indicators differed significantly by geographic area and dosage form, which has implications for future clinical work.
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Depressão , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , Humanos , Depressão/tratamento farmacológico , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/efeitos adversosRESUMO
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100873.].
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This article reports the design and experiment of a novel air-assisted nozzle for pesticide application in orchard. A novel air-assisted nozzle was designed based on the transverse jet atomization pattern. This article conducted the performance and deposition experiments and established the mathematical model of volume median diameter (D50) and liquid flow rate with the nozzle design parameters. The D50 of this air-assisted nozzle ranged from 52.45 µm to 113.67 µm, and the liquid flow rate ranged from 142.6 ml/min to 1,607.8 ml/min within the designed conditions. These performances meet the low-volume and ultra-low-volume pesticide application in orchard. The droplet deposition experiment results demonstrated that the droplet coverage distribution in different layers and columns is relatively uniform, and the predicted value of spray penetration (SP) numbers SPiA , SPiB , and SPiC (i = 1, 2, and 3) are approximately 70%, 60%, and 70%, respectively. The droplet deposits on the foliage of the canopy (inside and outside) uniformly bring benefit for plant protection and pesticide saving. Compared with the traditional air-assisted nozzle that adopts a coaxial flow atomization pattern, the atomization efficiency of this air-assisted nozzle is higher. Moreover, the nozzle air pressure and liquid flow rate are considerably lower and greater than the traditional air-assisted nozzle, and these results proved that this air-assisted nozzle has great potential in orchard pesticide application. The relationship between the D50 and nozzle liquid pressure of this air-assisted nozzle differs from that of traditional air-assisted nozzles due to the atomization pattern and process. While this article provides an explanation for this relationship, further study about the atomization process and mechanism is needed so as to improve the performance.