Transcatheter aortic valve implantation during the COVID-19 pandemic: Clinical expert opinion and consensus statement for Asia.

OBJECTIVES: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the treatment of patient with aortic valve stenosis is unknown and there is uncertainty on the optimal strategies in managing these patients. METHODS: This study is supported and endorsed by the Asia Pacific Society of Interventional Cardiology. Due to the inability to have face to face discussions during the pandemic, an online survey was performed by inviting key opinion leaders (cardiac surgeon/interventional cardiologist/echocardiologist) in the field of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) in Asia to participate. The answers to a series of questions pertaining to the impact of COVID-19 on TAVI were collected and analyzed. These led subsequently to an expert consensus recommendation on the conduct of TAVI during the pandemic. RESULTS: The COVID-19 pandemic had resulted in a 25% (10-80) reduction of case volume and 53% of operators required triaging to manage their patients with severe aortic stenosis. The two most important parameters used to triage were symptoms and valve area. Periprocedural changes included the introduction of teleconsultation, preprocedure COVID-19 testing, optimization of protests, and catheterization laboratory set up. In addition, length of stay was reduced from a mean of 4.4 to 4 days. CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted on the delivery of TAVI services to patients in Asia. This expert recommendation on best practices may be a useful guide to help TAVI teams during this period until a COVID-19 vaccine becomes widely available.

Efficacy and safety of simvastatin in Asian and non-Asian coronary heart disease patients: a comparison of the GOALLS and STATT studies.

BACKGROUND: Asians are thought to be more responsive to the lipid-lowering effects of statins than non-Asians although there are no head-to-head trials that examine this perception. OBJECTIVE: To compare the results of the GOALLS and STATT studies that used similar titrate-to-goal protocols with 20 mg up to 80 mg simvastatin in Asian and non-Asian coronary heart disease (CHD) patients. METHODS: GOALLS (N = 198; included non-Asians and Asians) and STATT (N = 133; included Asians only) were both multi-center, open-label 14-week studies in CHD patients with serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels 115 mg/dL-180 mg/dL and triglycerides (TG) levels < or = 400 mg/dL. Simvastatin was titrated from 20 mg/day up to 80 mg/day in order to achieve the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) LDL-C target < or = 100 mg/dL. The primary efficacy variable was the percentage of patients attaining the NCEP LDL-C target at Week 14. Secondary endpoints included proportion of patients achieving the European Society of Cardiology/European Atherosclerosis Society/European Society of Hypertension (European) LDL-C target < or = 115 mg/dL at Week 14 and percentage change in lipid parameters. Safety and tolerability were assessed by monitoring adverse experiences and safety laboratory tests. Fifteen Asian patients were part of the GOALLS cohort and their data were compared separately with results of non-Asians from GOALLS and Asians from the STATT study. RESULTS: After 14 weeks of simvastatin treatment, 87.1% of GOALLS non-Asians, 85.7% of GOALLS Asians, and 78.2% of STATT patients attained the NCEP LDL-C target. At Week 14, 94.4%, 92.9%, and 91.7% of the GOALLS non-Asians, GOALLS Asians, and STATT patients achieved the European LDL-C target, respectively. The average treatment doses to attain NCEP and European targets were comparable among groups. The percentage reductions in lipid parameters from baseline to week 14 were similar among groups except, changes in high density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I favored Asian subjects. There was also a greater reduction in TG in the STATT study, but this was not consistent with TG reductions experienced by Asians in the GOALLS study. In both studies, simvastatin was generally well tolerated by all patients across the dosage range of 20 mg-80 mg. No cases of rhabdomyolysis or myopathy were reported in either study. CONCLUSIONS: A great majority of CHD patients is able to achieve LDL-C treatment goals (up to 90%) on simvastatin regardless of racial background. Simvastatin treatment at doses of 20 mg-80 mg is well-tolerated in Asian and non-Asian CHD patients. This side-by-side comparison provides evidence that Asian and non-Asian CHD populations respond similarly to comparable doses of simvastatin.

Gender disparities in optimal lipid control among patients with coronary artery disease.

Coronary heart disease(CHD) is the leading cause of death worldwide in both men and women. Hypercholesterolemia is a major factor contributing to the incidence of CHD. Many lipid-lowering trials have shown statins to be effective medications for the primary and secondary prevention of CHD. Some studies have suggested that statins are as or more effective in women than in men. However, there is a substantial gender gap in lipid goal attainment with respect to primary care guidelines, as reported in observational studies. In this article, we attempt to explain gender differences in lipid control in individuals with or at risk of CHD in order to improve awareness of and narrow gaps in gender disparities in lipid management.