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The inherent properties of boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) can be further enhanced through the control of their anisotropy. In particular, horizontally aligned BNNTs (HABNNTs) exhibit considerable potential for various applications. However, directly synthesizing HABNNTs is difficult owing to the random floating of BNNTs and the absence of directional forces. Here, we employed a simple, efficient, and universal "surface-like growth" strategy to synthesize high-density and high-quality HABNNTs in the W2B5/Zn precursor system. First, the floating range of BNNTs was restricted to the vicinity of the precursor, and then, directional forces were applied to induce BNNT directional growth along the substrate surface. Experiments and simulations confirmed that the HABNNT orientation could be controlled through manipulation of the directional forces. Furthermore, the strategy was employed for HABNNTs synthesis using the MoB2/Zn, further demonstrating the universality of the approach. Overall, this work offers a fresh perspective on the synthesis of HABNNTs, further expanding their potential applications.
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BACKGROUND: Zinc Finger Protein 337 (ZNF337) is a novel Zinc Finger (ZNF) protein family member. However, the roles of ZNF337 in human cancers have not yet been investigated. METHODS: In this study, with the aid of TCGA databases, GTEx databases, and online websites, we determined the expression levels of ZNF337 in pan-cancer and its potential value as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for pan-cancer and analyzed the relationship between ZNF337 expression and immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint genes. We then focused our research on the potential of ZNF337 as a biomarker for diagnostic and prognostic in KIRC (kidney renal clear cell carcinoma) and validated in the E-MTAB-1980 database. Moreover, the expression of ZNF337 was detected through qRT-PCR and Western blotting (WB). CCK-8 experiment, colony formation experiment, and EDU experiment were performed to evaluate cell proliferation ability. Wound healing assay and transwell assay were used to analyze its migration ability. The qRT-PCR and WB were used to detect the expression of ZNF337 in tumor tissues and paracancerous tissues of KIRC patients. RESULTS: The pan-cancer analysis revealed that abnormal ZNF337 expression was found in multiple human cancer types. ZNF337 had a high diagnostic value in pan-cancer and a significant association with the prognosis of certain cancers, indicating that ZNF337 may be a valuable prognostic biomarker for multiple cancers. Further analysis demonstrated that the expression level of ZNF337 displayed significant correlations with cancer-associated fibroblasts, immune cell infiltration, and immune checkpoint genes in many tumors. Additionally, ZNF337 was observed to have a high expression in KIRC. Its expression was significantly associated with poor prognosis [overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS)], age, TNM stage, histologic grade, and pathologic stage. The high ZNF337 expression was associated with poor prognosis in the E-MTAB-1980 validation cohort. The in vitro experiments suggested that the expression of ZNF337 in KIRC tumor tissues was higher than in adjacent tissues, and ZNF337 knockdown inhibited the proliferation and migration of KIRC cells, whereas overexpression of ZNF337 had the opposite effects. CONCLUSIONS: ZNF337 might be an important prognostic and immunotherapeutic biomarker for pan-cancer, especially in KIRC.
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Biomarcadores Tumorais , Humanos , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Prognóstico , Proliferação de Células/genética , Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias/imunologia , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Neoplasias/mortalidade , Neoplasias/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Carcinoma de Células Renais/genética , Carcinoma de Células Renais/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Renais/imunologia , Carcinoma de Células Renais/mortalidade , Carcinoma de Células Renais/diagnóstico , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Masculino , Neoplasias Renais/genética , Neoplasias Renais/imunologia , Neoplasias Renais/patologia , Neoplasias Renais/mortalidade , Neoplasias Renais/diagnóstico , Movimento Celular/genéticaRESUMO
The on-demand assembly of 2D heterostructures has brought about both novel interfacial physical chemistry and optoelectronic applications; however, existing studies rarely focus on the complementary part-the 2D cavity, which is a new-born area with unprecedented opportunities. In this study, we have investigated the electric field inside a spacer-free 2D cavity consisting of a monolayer semiconductor and a gold film substrate. We have directly captured the built-in electric field crossing a blinking 2D cavity using a Kelvin probe force microscopy-Raman system. The simultaneously recorded morphology (M), electric field (E), and optical spectroscopy (O) mapping profile unambiguously reveals dynamical fluctuations of the interfacial electric field under a constant cavity height. Moreover, we have also prepared non-blinking 2D cavities and analyzed the gap-dependent electric field evolution with a gradual heating procedure, which further enhances the maximum electric field exceeding 109 V/m. Our work has revealed substantial insights into the built-in electric field within a 2D cavity, which will benefit adventures in electric-field-dependent interfacial sciences and future applications of 2D chemical nanoreactors.
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The effectiveness of immunosuppressive and corticosteroid treatments for Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy (IgAN) remains thoroughly evaluated. We undertook a meta-analysis to investigate the efficacy and safety of low-dose corticosteroids plus leflunomide for progressive IgA nephropathy. METHODS: Eligible studies were obtained from PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. We also searched the references of the included studies. Our protocol followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) checklist. Eligibility criteria were defined using a PICOS framework. RESULTS: Our study included three articles presenting 342 patient cases. Findings revealed that low-dose corticosteroids combined with the leflunomide group were effective in relieving urine protein excretion (UPE) [mean difference (MD) = -0.35, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.41 to -0.30, P < 0.00001] compared with the full-dose corticosteroids group. Regarding serum creatinine (SCr), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), complete remission rate, and overall response rate, there was no difference between the groups (p > 0.05). Regarding safety, low-dose corticosteroids combined with leflunomide significantly reduced the risk of serious adverse events [odds ratio (OR): 0.11, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.91, P = 0.04]. Besides, no significant differences were observed between the two groups in the incidence of respiratory infection, abnormal liver function, diarrhea, herpes zoster, alopecia, pruritus, insomnia, pneumonia, diabetes, and urinary tract infection (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Low-dose corticosteroids combined with leflunomide are a safe and effective treatment for progressive IgA nephropathy. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The PROSPERO registration number is CRD42022361883.
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Glomerulonefrite por IGA , Humanos , Leflunomida/efeitos adversos , Glomerulonefrite por IGA/tratamento farmacológico , Glomerulonefrite por IGA/induzido quimicamente , Imunossupressores/efeitos adversos , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Corticosteroides/farmacologia , Taxa de Filtração GlomerularRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Bone metastasis (BM) carries a poor prognosis for patients with upper-tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). This study aims to identify survival predictors and develop a prognostic nomogram for overall survival (OS) in UTUC patients with BM. METHODS: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was used to select patients with UTUC between 2010 and 2019. The chi-square test was used to assess the baseline differences between the groups. Kaplan-Meier analysis was employed to assess OS. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify prognostic factors for nomogram establishment. An independent cohort was used for external validation of the nomogram. The discrimination and calibration of the nomogram were evaluated using concordance index (C-index), area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA). All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 23.0 and R software 4.2.2. RESULTS: The mean OS for UTUC patients with BM was 10 months (95% CI: 8.17 to 11.84), with 6-month OS, 1-year OS, and 3-year OS rates of 41%, 21%, and 3%, respectively. Multi-organ metastases (HR = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.66 to 2.95, P < 0.001), surgery (HR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.56 to 0.91, P = 0.007), and chemotherapy (HR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.3 to 0.46, P < 0.001) were identified as independent prognostic factors. The C-index was 0.725 for the training cohort and 0.854 for the validation cohort, and all AUC values were > 0.679. The calibration curve and DCA curve showed the accuracy and practicality of the nomogram. CONCLUSIONS: The OS of UTUC patients with BM was poor. Multi-organ metastases was a risk factor for OS, while surgery and chemotherapy were protective factors. Our nomogram was developed and validated to assist clinicians in evaluating the OS of UTUC patients with BM.
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Neoplasias Ósseas , Carcinoma de Células de Transição , Nomogramas , Neoplasias Ureterais , Humanos , Neoplasias Ósseas/secundário , Neoplasias Ósseas/mortalidade , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/secundário , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/mortalidade , Neoplasias Ureterais/mortalidade , Neoplasias Ureterais/patologia , Neoplasias Ureterais/secundário , Taxa de Sobrevida , Neoplasias Renais/patologia , Neoplasias Renais/mortalidade , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Programa de SEER , Idoso de 80 Anos ou maisRESUMO
Incorporating two organic ligands with different functionalities into a titanium-oxo cluster entity simultaneously can endow the material with their respective properties and provide synergistic performance enhancement, which is of great significance for enriching the structure and properties of titanium-oxo clusters (TOCs). However, the synthesis of such TOCs is highly challenging. In this work, we successfully synthesized a TBC4A-functionalized TOC, [Ti2(TBC4A)2(MeO)2] (Ti2; MeOH = methanol, TBC4A = tert-butylcalix[4]arene). By adjusting the solvent system, we successfully introduced 1,10-phenanthroline (Phen) and prepared TBC4A and Phen co-protected [Ti2(TBC4A)2(Phen)2] (Ti2-Phen). Moreover, when Phen was replaced with bulky 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), [Ti2(TBC4A)2(Bphen)2] (Ti2-Bphen), which is isostructural with Ti2-Phen, was obtained, demonstrating the generality of the synthetic method. Remarkably, Ti2-Phen demonstrates good stability and stronger light absorption, as well as superior photoelectric performance compared to Ti2. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that there exists ligand-to-core charge transfer (LCCT) in Ti2, while an unusual ligand-to-ligand charge transfer (LLCT) is present in Ti2-Phen, accompanied by partial LCCT. Therefore, the superior light absorption and photoelectric properties of Ti2-Phen are attributed to the existence of the unusual LLCT phenomenon. This study not only deeply explores the influence of Phen on the performance of the material but also provides a reference for the preparation of materials with excellent photoelectric performance.
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Drimane-type sesquiterpenoids (DMTs) are characterized by a distinctive 6/6 bicyclic skeleton comprising the A and B rings. While DMTs are commonly found in fungi and plants, their presence in bacteria has not been reported. Moreover, the biosynthetic pathways for DMTs have been primarily elucidated in fungi, with identified P450s only acting on the B ring. In this study, we isolated and characterized three bacterial DMTs, namely 3ß-hydroxydrimenol (2), 2α-hydroxydrimenol (3), and 3-ketodrimenol (4), from Streptomyces clavuligerus. Through genome mining and heterologous expression, we identified a cav biosynthetic gene cluster responsible for the biosynthesis of DMTs 2-4, along with a P450, CavA, responsible for introducing the C-2 and C-3 hydroxy groups. Furthermore, the substrate scope of CavA revealed its ability to hydroxylate drimenol analogs. This discovery not only broadens the known chemical diversity of DMTs from bacteria, but also provides new insights into DMT biosynthesis in bacteria.
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This research investigates the complex temperature distribution and fatigue behavior of single film-cooling holes manufactured by lasers with different pulse widths in a real flow field. The aerodynamic and heat transfer characteristics of film-cooling holes manufactured using lasers with different pulse widths were analyzed through laser drilling experiments, conjugate heat transfer simulations, and crystal plasticity finite element methods. The study investigated the relationship between changes in the geometric accuracy of the film-cooling holes and the corresponding flow and temperature fields during the film-cooling process. Additionally, the effects of temperature and structural variations on the stress around the holes in a flat plate composed of the second-generation nickel-based single-crystal superalloy DD6 in real flow and temperature fields were studied. The coupling effect of the temperature and stress fields around the holes on the fatigue behavior of the film-cooling holes was examined, and the fatigue damage mechanism of film-cooling holes in complex temperature fields was analyzed. It was found that changes in the blowing ratio do not affect the temperature and stress distributions around the holes but only alter the temperature peak. An increase in the temperature peak results in a decrease in the stress peak. Additionally, the fatigue damage of single film-cooling holes is determined by both the structural defects of the holes and the changes in material behavior due to the temperature around the holes, with the structural influence being more significant.
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Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is characterized by high heterogeneity and recurrence rates, posing significant challenges for stratification and treatment. Basement membrane-related genes (BMGs) play a crucial role in tumor initiation and progression. Clinical and transcriptomic data of ccRCC patients were extracted from TCGA and GEO databases. We employed univariate regression and LASSO-Cox stepwise regression analysis to construct a BMscore model based on BMGs expression level. A nomogram combining clinical features and BMscore was constructed to predict individual survival probabilities. Further enrichment analysis and immune-related analysis were conducted to explore the enriched pathways and immune features associated with BMGs. High-risk individuals predicted by BMscore exhibited poorer overall survival, which was consistent with the validation dataset. BMscore was identified as an independent risk factor for ccRCC. Functional analysis revealed that BMGs were related to cell-matrix and tumor-associated signaling pathways. Immune profiling suggests that BMGs play a key role in immune interactions and the tumor microenvironment. BMGs serve as a novel prognostic predictor for ccRCC and play a role in the immune microenvironment and treatment response. Targeting the BM may represent an alternative therapeutic approach for ccRCC.
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Carcinoma de Células Renais , Carcinoma , Neoplasias Renais , Humanos , Carcinoma de Células Renais/genética , Membrana Basal , Prognóstico , Fatores de Risco , Microambiente Tumoral/genética , Neoplasias Renais/genéticaRESUMO
Background: Bone age assessment (BAA) is crucial for the diagnosis of growth disorders and the optimization of treatments. However, the random error caused by different observers' experiences and the low consistency of repeated assessments harms the quality of such assessments. Thus, automated assessment methods are needed. Methods: Previous research has sought to design localization modules in a strongly or weakly supervised fashion to aggregate part regions to better recognize subtle differences. Conversely, we sought to efficiently deliver information between multi-granularity regions for fine-grained feature learning and to directly model long-distance relationships for global understanding. The proposed method has been named the "Multi-Granularity and Multi-Attention Net (2M-Net)". Specifically, we first applied the jigsaw method to generate related tasks emphasizing regions with different granularities, and we then trained the model on these tasks using a hierarchical sharing mechanism. In effect, the training signals from the extra tasks created as an inductive bias, enabling 2M-Net to discover task relatedness without the need for annotations. Next, the self-attention mechanism acted as a plug-and-play module to effectively enhance the feature representation capabilities. Finally, multi-scale features were applied for prediction. Results: A public data set of 14,236 hand radiographs, provided by the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA), was used to develop and validate 2M-Net. In the public benchmark testing, the mean absolute error (MAE) between the bone age estimates of the model and of the reviewer was 3.98 months (3.89 months for males and 4.07 months for females). Conclusions: By using the jigsaw method to construct a multi-task learning strategy and inserting the self-attention module for efficient global modeling, we established 2M-Net, which is comparable to the previous best method in terms of performance.
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Field observations frequently demonstrate stress fluctuations resulting from the reservoir depletion. The development of reservoirs, particularly the completion of infill wells and refracturing, can be significantly impacted by stress changes in and around drainage areas. Previous studies mainly focus on plane fractures and few studies consider the influence of complex transport and storage mechanism and irregular fracture geometry on stress evolution in shale gas reservoirs. Based on the embedded discrete fracture model (EDFM) and finite-volume method (FVM), a coupled geomechanics/fluid model has been successfully developed considering the adsorption, desorption, diffusion and slippage of shale gas. This model achieves coupling simulation of natural fractures, hydraulic fractures with complex geometry, storage and transport mechanism, reservoir stress, and pore-elastic effect. The open-source software OpenFOAM is used as the main solver for this model. The stress calculation and productivity simulation of the model are verified by the classical poroelasticity problem and the simulation results of published research and commercial simulator with EDFM respectively. The simulation results indicate that σxx, σyy, σxy and Δσ changes with time and space due to the time effect and anisotropy of formation pressure depletion; Due to the influence of different mechanisms on shale gas storage and transport, the reservoir pressure and stress distribution under different mechanisms are different; Among them, the stress with full mechanisms differs the most compared to the stress without any mechanism. The reservoir with stronger stress sensitivity (smaller Biot coefficient) is less sensitive to formation pressure depletion, and the stress variation range is smaller. For reservoirs with weak stress sensitivity, formation pressure depletion is more likely to lead to stress reversal. Under the influence of fracture geometry, the pressure depletion regions caused by the three types of fracture geometry are approximately rectangular, parallelogram and square, respectively. The corresponding σxx, σyy and Δσ also have great differences in spatial distribution and values. Therefore, the time effect, shale gas storage and transport mechanism and the influence of complex fracture geometry should be considered when predicting pressure depletion induced stress under the condition of simultaneous production. This study is of great significance for understanding the evolution law of stress induced by pressure consumption, as well as the design of infill wells and repeated fracturing.
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Previously we reported two salicylaldoxime conjugates (L7R3 and L7R5) showing equal or even higher reactivating efficiency for both organophosphorus nerve agent and pesticide inhibited acetylcholinesterase in comparison to obidoxime and HI-6. In this study, L7R3 and L7R5 were selected as lead compounds and refined by employing a fragment-based drug design strategy, and a total of 32 novel salicylaldoxime conjugates were constructed and screened for DFP and paraoxon inhibited acetylcholinesterase. The findings demonstrate that the conjugate L73R3, which contains a 4-nitrophenyl group, exhibited a higher reactivation efficacy against paraoxon-inhibited acetylcholinesterase compared to obidoxime and HI-6. It was confirmed that the combination of a 4-pyridinyl or 4-nitrophenyl peripheral site ligand, a piperazine linker and a methyl or chloro-substituted salicylaldoxime could construct efficient nonquaternary oxime reactivators. The results hold promise for developing a new generation of highly effective antidotes for organophosphate poisoning.
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Transition metal-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation possesses unparalleled advantages to prepare chiral amines. Here we reported a novel ligand that combined Josiphos and a spirobiindane scaffold and simultaneously investigated its application in Ir-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation for the synthesis of chiral amines. Excellent catalytic activity (5000 TON), high enantioselectivity (up to 99% ee), and broad substrate scope (different CâN substrates) make it highly promising for both academic research and industrial applications.
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Ferroptosis, a recently identified non-apoptotic form of cell death, is strongly associated with neurological diseases and has emerged as a potential therapeutic target. Nevertheless, the fundamental mechanisms are still predominantly unidentified. In the current investigation, sulfiredoxin-1 (SRXN1) has been identified as a crucial regulator that enhances the susceptibility to ferroptosis in HT-22 mouse hippocampal cells treated with erastin. Utilizing TMT-based proteomics, a significant increase in SRXN1 expression was observed in erastin-exposed HT-22 cells. Efficient amelioration of erastin-induced ferroptosis was achieved via the knockdown of SRXN1, which resulted in the reduction of intracellular Fe2+ levels and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HT-22 cells. Notably, the activation of Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) was found to be crucial for inducing SRXN1 expression in HT-22 cells upon treatment with erastin. SRXN1 increased intracellular ROS and Fe2+ levels by activating HO-1 expression, which promoted erastin-induced ferroptosis in HT-22 cells. Inhibiting SRXN1 or HO-1 alleviated erastin-induced autophagy in HT-22 cells. Additionally, upregulation of SRXN1 or HO-1 increased the susceptibility of HT-22 cells to ferroptosis, a process that was counteracted by the autophagy inhibitor 3-Methyladenine (3-MA). These results indicate that SRXN1 is a key regulator of ferroptosis, activating the HO-1 protein through cellular redox regulation, ferrous iron accumulation, and autophagy in HT-22 cells. These findings elucidate a novel molecular mechanism of erastin-induced ferroptosis sensitivity and suggest that SRXN1-HO-1-autophagy-dependent ferroptosis serves as a promising treatment approach for neurodegenerative diseases.
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BACKGROUND: Cancer pain is one of the most intolerable and frightening symptoms of cancer patients. However, the clinical effect of the three-step analgesic ladder method (TSAL) is not satisfactory. The combination of external treatment of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can improve the clinical effect. OBJECTIVE: This study used network meta-analysis to compare the effects of different external treatment methods of TCM combined with TSAL on cancer pain. METHODS: Databases searched by our team included Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Library. Randomized controlled trials related to the external treatment of TCM combined with TSAL for cancer pain were screened from the establishment of the database till now. The above literature extracted clinical efficacy, NRS score, KPS score, analgesic onset time, and duration as the main results after the screening. The 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of OR value and SMD value was used as the effect index to compare the difference in efficacy of different interventions, and the ranking was conducted. STATA 17.0 software was used for the statistical analysis of the above data. RESULTS: A total of 78 studies were included, including 8 interventions and 5742 participants. Based on ranking probability, the clinical effective rate of manual acupuncture combined with TSAL was the best when the intervention time was set at 4 weeks [ORâ =â 5.42, 95% CI (1.99,14.81)], and the improvement effect on KPS score was also the best [SMDâ =â 0.97, 95% CI (0.61, 1.33)]. Acupoint external application was the best intervention in reducing NRS score [SMDâ =â -1.14, 95% CI (-1.90, -0.93)]. Acupoint moxibustion combined with TSAL was considered to be the most effective intervention to prolong the duration of analgesia [SMDâ =â 1.69, 95% CI (0.84, 2.54)] and shortening the onset time of analgesia [SMDâ =â -3.00, 95% CI (-4.54, -1.47)]. CONCLUSIONS: TSAL combined with manual acupuncture is the best in terms of clinical efficacy and improvement of patients' functional activity status. With the extension of treatment time, the intervention of this kind of treatment on the clinical effect is more pronounced. Acupoint external application also has a unique advantage in reducing the pain level of patients. From the point of view of analgesic duration and duration of analgesia, combined acupoint moxibustion has the best effect.
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Dor do Câncer , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , Metanálise em Rede , Humanos , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa/métodos , Dor do Câncer/terapia , Dor do Câncer/tratamento farmacológico , Terapia por Acupuntura/métodos , Manejo da Dor/métodos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Resultado do Tratamento , Terapia Combinada , Medição da Dor , Analgésicos/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
The enantioselective allylic alkylation of nitro ketene aminals with racemic allylic alcohols was realized by iridium/acid dual catalysis. An allyl group was installed on the α-position of nitro ketene aminals in a branched-selective manner in high efficiency with excellent enantioselectivities (93-99% ee). The protocol was applied to the late-stage modification of neonicotinoid insecticides, which directly furnished a novel neonicotinoid analogue with good insecticidal activity against Aphis craccivora (LC50 = 6.40 mg/L). On the basis of the control experiment, an aza-ene-type allylic alkylation reaction mechanism was proposed.
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BACKGROUND: Nucleic acid extraction (NAE) is an essential step in the whole process of nucleic acid detection (NAT). Traditional manual extraction methods are time-consuming and laborious, unfavorable to the point-of-care testing of nucleic acids. Ultrasound has been emphasized due to its noncontact and easy-to-manipulate characteristics, and integration with microfluidic chip can realize rapid NAE through acoustic streaming effect. The uniformity of magnetic bead mixing in this process is a critical factor affecting the extraction effect. In this study, we developed an ultrasound-assisted NAE technique based on the magnetic bead method and optimized the chip structure to achieve rapid NAE. RESULT: We use ultrasonic-assisted coupled with magnetic bead method for ultra-fast NAE. The mixing process of magnetic beads driven by acoustic streaming is simulated by a dispersive two-phase flow model, and the ultrasonic incidence angle (θin), cone structure aspect ratio (Dc/Hc) and sheet structure thickness (Hp) are optimized to enhance the mixing performance. Furthermore, the effectiveness of NAE is validated by utilizing quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) detection. The findings reveal that a θin value of 10° yields superior mixing performance compared to other incidence angles, resulting in a maximum increase of 84 % in mixing intensity. When Dc/Hc = 0.5 and Hp = 0.5 mm, the maximum mixing index in the localized region of the chamber after 1 s of ultrasound action can reach 83.6 % and 92.5 %, respectively. Compared to the original chamber, the CT values extracted after 5 s of ultrasound action shifted forward by up to 1.9 ct and 4.1 ct, respectively. SIGNIFICANCE: The dispersed two-phase flow model can effectively simulate the mixing process of magnetic beads, which plays an important role in assisting the structural design of chip extraction chambers. The single-step mixing of ultrasound-assisted NAE takes only 15s to achieve an extraction performance comparable to manual extraction. The extraction process can be completed within 7 min after integrating this technology with microfluidic chips and automated equipment, providing a solution for automated and efficient NAE.
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Técnicas Analíticas Microfluídicas , Ácidos Nucleicos , Ácidos Nucleicos/análise , Ultrassom , Microfluídica , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo RealRESUMO
In the process of acidizing carbonate reservoirs, dissolution is employed for reservoir modification to enhance recovery rates. This study establishes a numerical model at the pore scale for acid-rock reaction flow based on a microscopic continuum medium model, integrating phase-field theory and component transport models. Subsequently, the results of the Darcy-Brinkman-Stokes model are compared to those of the arbitrary Lagrange-Euler method to validate the accuracy of the model. Finally, the flow behavior of the acid solution at the pore scale and the complex dissolution mechanisms in carbonate reservoirs are analyzed. The research indicates that the microscopic pore-scale dissolution in carbonate reservoirs mainly manifests as five dissolution modes: uniform dissolution, compact dissolution, conical wormholes, dominant wormhole, and ramified wormholes. Different distributions of microfractures will alter the flow state of the acid solution and the rock-acid reaction process within the pores. Once the wormhole breakthrough occurs, there is an increased probability of acid flow through the wormhole to the outlet, leading to a decrease in the effectiveness of the acidizing carbonate reservoirs. A proper understanding of pore-scale acid-rock reaction laws is of great significance for the development of carbonate oil and gas reservoirs.
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KRAS is a pathogenic gene frequently implicated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, biopsy as a diagnostic method has practical limitations. Therefore, it is important to accurately determine the mutation status of the KRAS gene non-invasively by combining NSCLC CT images and genetic data for early diagnosis and subsequent targeted therapy of patients. This paper proposes a Semi-supervised Multimodal Multiscale Attention Model (S2MMAM). S2MMAM comprises a Supervised Multilevel Fusion Segmentation Network (SMF-SN) and a Semi-supervised Multimodal Fusion Classification Network (S2MF-CN). S2MMAM facilitates the execution of the classification task by transferring the useful information captured in SMF-SN to the S2MF-CN to improve the model prediction accuracy. In SMF-SN, we propose a Triple Attention-guided Feature Aggregation module for obtaining segmentation features that incorporate high-level semantic abstract features and low-level semantic detail features. Segmentation features provide pre-guidance and key information expansion for S2MF-CN. S2MF-CN shares the encoder and decoder parameters of SMF-SN, which enables S2MF-CN to obtain rich classification features. S2MF-CN uses the proposed Intra and Inter Mutual Guidance Attention Fusion (I2MGAF) module to first guide segmentation and classification feature fusion to extract hidden multi-scale contextual information. I2MGAF then guides the multidimensional fusion of genetic data and CT image data to compensate for the lack of information in single modality data. S2MMAM achieved 83.27% AUC and 81.67% accuracy in predicting KRAS gene mutation status in NSCLC. This method uses medical image CT and genetic data to effectively improve the accuracy of predicting KRAS gene mutation status in NSCLC.
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Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Humanos , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas p21(ras)/genética , Biópsia , Mutação , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por ComputadorRESUMO
Visible-driven photocatalytic hydrogen production using narrow-bandgap semiconductors has great potential for clean energy development. However, the widespread use of these semiconductors is limited due to problems such as severe charge recombination and slow surface reactions. Herein, a quasi-type-II heterostructure was constructed by combining bifunctional Ni-based metal-organic framework (Ni-MOF) nanosheets with BDC (1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid) linker coupled with Cu-In-Zn-S quantum dots (CIZS QDs). This heterostructure exhibited a prolonged charge carrier lifetime and abundant active sites, leading to significantly improved hydrogen production rate. The optimized rate achieved by the CIZS/Ni-MOF heterostructure was 2642 µmol g-1 h-1, which is 5.28 times higher than that of the CIZS QDs. This improved performance can be attributed to the quasi-type-II band alignment between the CIZS QDs and Ni-MOF, which facilitates effective delocalization of the photogenerated electrons within the system. Additional photoelectrochemical tests confirmed the well-maintained photoluminescence and prolonged charge carrier lifetime of the CIZS/Ni-MOF heterostructure. This study provides valuable insights into the use of multifunctional MOFs in the development of highly efficient composite photocatalysts, extending beyond their role in light harvesting and charge separation.