Long-Term Field Application of a Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacterial Consortium Suppressed Root-Knot Disease by Shaping the Rhizosphere Microbiota.

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are one of the most economically important plant parasitic nematodes, infecting almost all cultivated plants and resulting in severe yield losses every year. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have been extensively used to prevent and control root-knot diseases and increase yield. In this study, the effect of a consortium of three PGPR strains (Bacillus cereus AR156, B. subtilis SM21, and Serratia sp. XY21; hereafter "BBS") on root-knot disease of cucumber was evaluated. The application of BBS significantly reduced the severity of root-knot disease by 56 to 72%, increased yield by 36 to 55%, and improved fruit quality by 14 to 90% and soil properties by 1 to 90% relative to the control in the cucumber fields of the Nanjing suburb, Jiangsu Province, from 2015 to 2018. BBS altered the rhizosphere bacterial community. Compared with the control group, it significantly (false discovery rate, P < 0.05) increased the abundance of 14 bacterial genera that were negatively correlated with disease severity. Additionally, the redundancy analysis suggested that BBS-treated rhizosphere soil samples were dominated by disease-suppressive bacteria, including the genera Iamia, Kutzneria, Salinibacterium, Mycobacterium, Kribbella, Pseudonocardia, Sporichthya, Sphaerisporangium, Actinomadura, Flavisolibacter, Phenylobacterium, Bosea, Hyphomicrobium, Agrobacterium, Sphingomonas, and Nannocystis, which were positively related to total organic carbon, total nitrogen, total organic matter, dissolved organic carbon, [Formula: see text]-N, and available phosphorus contents. This suggests that BBS suppresses root-knot nematodes and improves the soil chemical properties of cucumber by altering the rhizosphere microbial community.

Migration from Lysosome to Nucleus: Monitoring Lysosomal Alkalization-Related Biological Processes with an Aminofluorene-Based Probe.

Aberrant lysosomal alkalization is associated with various biological processes, such as oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, ferroptosis, etc. Herein, we developed a novel aminofluorene-based fluorescence probe named FAN to monitor the lysosomal alkalization-related biological processes by its migration from lysosome to nucleus. FAN possessed NIR emission, large Stokes shift, high pH stability, and high photostability, making it suitable for real-time and long-term bioimaging. As a lysosomotropic molecule, FAN can accumulate in lysosomes first and then migrate to the nucleus by right of its binding capability to DNA after lysosomal alkalization. In this manner, FAN was successfully used to monitor these physiological processes which triggered lysosomal alkalization in living cells, including oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, and ferroptosis. More importantly, at higher concentrations, FAN could also serve as a stable nucleus dye for the fluorescence imaging of the nucleus in living cells and tissues. This novel multifunctional fluorescence probe shows great promise for application in lysosomal alkalization-related visual research and nucleus imaging.

Molecular detection of bornavirus in parrots imported to China in 2022.

BACKGROUND: Avian bornavirus (ABV) is a neurotropic virus, it has been established as the primary causative agent of proventricular dilatation disease (PDD). However, substantial international trade and transnational trafficking of wild birds occur, potentially enabling these birds to harbor and transmit pathogens to domestic poultry, adversely affecting their well-being. Real-time RT-PCR was employed to detect the presence of PaBV-4 in parrots imported to China in 2022. RESULTS: In 2022, a total of 47 cloacal swabs from 9 distinct species of parrots were collected at the Wildlife Rescue Monitoring Center in Guangdong, China. The purpose of this collection was to detect the presence of PaBV-4. Using real-time PCR techniques, it was determined that the positive rate of PaBV-4 was 2.12% (1 out of 47) in parrots. The PaBV-4 virus was detected in a Amazona aestiva that had been adopted for one month. Conversely, all other species tested negative for the virus. Subsequently, the whole genome of the PaBV-4 GD2207 strains was sequenced, and the homology and genetic evolution between these strains and previously published PaBV-4 strains on GenBank were analyzed using DNAStar and MEGA7.0 software. The findings revealed that the full-length genome of PaBV-4 consisted of 8915 nucleotides and encoded six proteins. Additionally, it exhibited the highest nucleotide similarity (99.9%) to the GZ2019 strain, which causes death and severe clinical symptoms in Aratinga solstitialis. Furthermore, when compared to other strains of PaBV-4, the GD2207 strain demonstrated the highest amino acid homology with GZ2019. The phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the GD2207 strain clustered with various strains found in Japanese, American, and German parrots, indicating a close genetic relationship with PaBV-4, but it revealed a distant relationship with PaBV-5 Cockg5 from America. Notably, the GD2207 was closely associated with the GZ2019 strain from Aratinga solstitialis in China. CONCLUSION: This study presents the preliminary identification of PaBV-4 in Amazona aestiva parrots, emphasizing its importance as the predominant viral genotype linked to parrot infections resulting from trade into China. Through genetic evolution analysis, it was determined that the GD2207 strain of PaBV-4 exhibits the closest genetic relationship with GZ 2019 (Aratinga solstitialis, China), M14 (Ara macao, USA), AG5 (Psittacus erithacus, USA) and 6758 (Ara ararauna, Germany) suggesting a shared ancestry.

Changes in the intestinal microbiota of patients with Parkinson's disease and their clinical significance.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the differences and their clinical significance in the intestinal microbiota in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) in comparison to those in healthy controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 20 patients with PD who received treatment in the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College between January 2019 and December 2019 were selected as the research subjects to form the PD group, while 20 age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers were selected as the control group. Fecal samples from the two groups were collected, and the V4 region of 16S-ribosomal ribonucleic acid was selected for high-throughput sequencing analysis to explore any differences, as well as their significance, in the intestinal microbiota abundance at the class, family, and genus levels between the two study groups. RESULTS: The operational taxonomic unit cluster analysis revealed a high degree of overlap between the patients with PD and the controls. Compared with the controls, the relative abundance of Coriobacteriia and Coriobacteriaceae was increased in the PD group (p < 0.01), while the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae was significantly lower (p < 0.01). The relative abundance of Collinsella, Escherichia, and Fusobacterium in the PD group was significantly higher than in the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Compared with the healthy subjects, the abundance of specific microflora was significantly different in the PD patients at the class, family, and genus level. Intestinal flora may act as a potential biomarker for PD and provide a theoretical basis for microflora transplantation therapy.

[Systematic review and Meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of Kushen Gelatum combined with antibiotics in treatment of bacterial vaginosis].

This study aims to systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Kushen Gelatum combined with antibiotics for treating bacterial vaginosis. The randomized controlled trial(RCT) of Kushen Gelatum for treating bacterial vaginosis were retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, and Cochrane Library with the time interval from inception to January 2023. Data were extracted from the included RCT by 2 investigators, including the sample size, characteristics of patients, interventions and controls, outcome indicators, and adverse effects. The Cochrane collaboration network's bias risk assessment tool was used for methodolo-gical quality evaluation of the included trials. RevMan 5.4 was employed to perform the Meta-analysis. A total of 19 RCTs were inclu-ded, involving 1 980 patients with bacterial vaginosis. Meta-analysis showed that, compared with nitroimidazoles alone, Kushen Gelatum + nitroimidazoles improved the total response rates in terms of clinical symptoms and laboratory tests(RR=1.24, 95%CI[1.13, 1.36], P<0.000 01), laboratory tests(RR=1.16, 95%CI[1.06, 1.26], P=0.000 9), and clinical symptoms(RR=1.26, 95%CI[1.08, 1.46], P=0.003), and reduced the leukocyte esterase positive rate(RR=0.29, 95%CI[0.17, 0.48], P<0.000 01) and the recurrence rate(RR=0.37, 95%CI[0.23, 0.58], P<0.000 1). Compared with lincomycin antibiotics(clindamycin) alone, Kushen Gelatum + lincomycin antibiotics(clindamycin) improved the total response rates in terms of clinical symptoms and laboratory tests(RR=1.18, 95%CI[1.06, 1.31], P=0.003) and laboratory tests(RR=1.27, 95%CI[1.04, 1.54], P=0.02), reduced the recurrence rate(RR=0.20, 95%CI[0.05, 0.75], P=0.02), and shortened the time to relief of burning sensation(MD=-1.70, 95%CI[-2.15,-1.26], P<0.000 01), vaginal itching(MD=-0.82, 95%CI[-1.30,-0.34], P=0.000 8), and abnormal leucorrhea(MD=-1.52, 95%CI[-1.98,-1.06], P<0.000 01). Compared with nitroimidazoles + probiotics, Kushen Gelatum + nitroimidazoles + probiotics improved the total response rate in terms of clinical symptoms and laboratory tests(RR=1.18, 95%CI[1.02, 1.36], P=0.03) and reduced the recurrence rate(RR=0.27, 95%CI[0.09, 0.76], P=0.01). Kushen Gelatum combined with antibiotics demonstrates a potential therapeutic effect on bacterial vaginosis, whereas the number and quality of the relevant clinical studies remain to be improved. The process of clinical trial should be standardized to improve the quality of evidence, so as to provide strong evidence to guide the application of Kushen Gelatum in clinical practice.

SRY is a Key Mediator of Sexual Dimorphism in Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury.

OBJECTIVES: To identify the role and mechanism of a male specific gene, SRY, in I/R-induced hepatic injury. BACKGROUND: Males are more vulnerable to I/R injury than females. However, the mechanism of these sex-based differences remains poorly defined. METHODS: Clinicopathologic data of patients who underwent hepatic resection were identified from an international multi-institutional database. Liver specific SRY TG mice were generated, and subjected to I/R insult with their littermate WT controls in vivo. In vitro experiments were performed by treating primary hepatocytes from TG and WT mice with hypoxia/reoxygen-ation stimulation. RESULTS: Clinical data showed that postoperative aminotransferase level, incidence of overall morbidity and liver failure were markedly higher among 1267 male versus 508 female patients who underwent hepatic resection. SRY was dramatically upregulated during hepatic I/R injury. Overexpression of SRY in male TG mice and ectopic expression of SRY in female TG mice exacerbated liver I/R injury compared with WTs as manifested by increased inflammatory reaction, oxidative stress and cell death in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, SRY interacts with Glycogen synthase kinase-3ß (GSK-3ß) and ß-catenin, and promotes phosphorylation and degradation of ß-catenin, leading to suppression of the downstream FOXOs, and activation of NF-κBand TLR4 signaling. Furthermore, activation of ß-catenin almost completely reversed the SRYoverexpression-mediated exacerbation of hepatic I/R damage. CONCLUSIONS: SRY is a novel hepatic I/R mediator that promotes hepatic inflammatory reaction, oxidative stress and cell necrosis via inhibiting Wnt/ß-catenin signaling, which accounts for the sex-based disparity in hepatic I/R injuries.

(3+1)-Dimensional Modulated Structure and Tb3+-Doped Luminescence for Vanadate Na3La(VO4)2.

A modulated structure with symmetrical characteristic higher than three-dimensional is a fascinating crystallographic type, and it is randomly encountered by researchers. Herein, we prepared 0.1 mm level single crystals of Na3La(VO4)2 and determined its structure to be a (3 + 1)-dimensional modulated structure using the X-ray diffraction analysis method for single crystals. Its super space group was determined to be Pca21(0ß0)000. On the other hand, we introduced Tb3+ into the Na3La(VO4)2 host lattice to fabricate phosphors Na3La1-x(VO4)2:xTb3+ and studied their photoluminescence properties. Interestingly, for the strong absorption of the Na3La(VO4)2 host lattice in the range of 200-400 nm, the traditional 330-385 nm light is unable to efficiently excite Tb3+ ions in the Na3La(VO4)2 host to generate luminescence of Tb3+. Instead, Na3La1-x(VO4)2:xTb3+ is suitable to be excited by 487 nm to generate emitting light at 543, 584, and 622 nm, due to Tb3+ characteristic 4f → 4f transitions of 5D4 → 7FJ (J = 5, 4, 3). Hence, the Tb3+-doped Na3La(VO4)2 phosphors have potential applications for white-light-emitting diodes.

Multicolor fluorescence assay of tetracycline: lanthanide complexed amino clay loaded with copper nanoclusters.

A multicolor fluorescent nanoprobe has been prepared by loading bovine serum albumin-stabilized copper nanoclusters (BSA-Cu NCs) onto amino clay (AC) and grafting Eu3+ with auxiliary ligand citric acid (Cit). Tetracycline (TC) can coordinate with Eu3+ by ß-diketone structure and transfer energy to Eu3+ through antenna effect. When the concentration of TC is in the range 0 to 13 µM, the blue emission intensity of BSA-CuNCs is basically unchanged, and the red emission of Eu3+ is remarkably enhanced due to the coordination with TC. The emission color gradually changes from blue to red under UV lamp (λ = 365 nm). However, when the TC concentration is in the range 13 to 350 µΜ, the internal amino acid residues of BSA sensitize TC, and the emission color gradually changed from red to green. The nanoprobe has rich color, is simple to prepare, portable, and provide a wide detection range. The limit of detection (LOD) is 3.04 nM, which could be used for real-time visual analysis of trace TC in actual samples (lake water, milk, honey, and bovine serum albumin). In addition, a visual test paper has been designed and combined with the color scanning APP of a smartphone to complete the qualitative and semi-quantitative test of TC. BSA-Cu NCs were loaded on amino clay and graft Eu3+ to establish ratiometric fluorescent nanoprobe for TC detection. With the increase of TC concentration, the emission color under 365 nm UV lamp gradually changed from blue to red and then to green, and the color changed obviously and can be observed by the naked eye. The visual test paper and smartphone application detection sensor were developed to realize rapid, convenient, real-time, and visual detection of TC in actual samples.

[Behavioral-electrophysiological observation of the involvement of dopamine D1 receptor of the rat anterior cingulate cortex in the regulation of pain-related emotion].

The present study was aimed to explore the involvement of dopamine D1 receptor of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in the regulation of chronic inflammatory pain-related emotion. On the first day, the rats were acclimated to the environment and the baseline indices were measured. On the second day, the rats were administered with the dopamine D1 receptor antagonist SCH-23390 or agonist SKF38393 in the ACC, and then they were subcutaneously injected with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA, 0.08 mL) in the left hind paw to establish conditioned place avoidance (CPA) response after pairing with specific environment. On the third day, the CPA response and the firing frequency of ACC neurons were observed synchronously, and the open-field behavior, mechanical pain behavior and paw withdrawal latency (PWL) tests were also observed subsequently. In other experiments, rats were given subcutaneous injection of normal saline (NS) on the left hind paw after SCH-23390 or SKF-38393 was administered in the ACC, and then the same observations were performed. The results showed that: (1) Compared with the control group, the PWL and mechanical pain thresholds of rats injected with CFA on the left hind paw were significantly decreased (P < 0.05); (2) The residence time of rats injected with CFA in the "pain environment" and open field center was significantly shortened (P < 0.05); (3) Pre-injection of antagonist SCH-23390 in ACC (10 µg) alleviated the anxiety-like negative behavior response induced by CFA (P < 0.05) and reversed CFA-induced increases of discharge frequency of ACC neurons (P < 0.05); (4) Pre-injection of agonist SKF-38393 in the ACC (10 µg) induced CPA-like behavioral response in rats injected with NS in the left hind paw, and increased the firing frequency of ACC neurons (P < 0.05); (5) Immunofluorescence detection showed that dopamine D1 receptor and NMDA receptor were co-expressed in the same neuron. These results suggest that inhibition of dopamine D1 receptor in ACC can alleviate the negative emotional response induced by persistent pain.

Piezo-Photocatalytic Synergy in BiFeO3 @COF Z-Scheme Heterostructures for High-Efficiency Overall Water Splitting.

Solar-driven overall water splitting is an ideal way to generate renewable energy while still challenging. For the first time, this work combined covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and piezoelectric material by covalent linkages to form Z-scheme core@shell heterostructure for overall water splitting. Benefiting from the synergistic effect between the polarized electric field and photo-generated charges, as well as the precise adjustment of shell thickness, the carrier separation and utilization efficiency is greatly improved. The optimal BiFeO3 @TpPa-1-COF photocatalyst revealed hydrogen (H2 ) and oxygen (O2 ) production rates of 1416.4 and 708.2 µmol h-1 g-1 under the excitation of ultrasonication coupled with light irradiation, which is the best performance among various piezo- and COF-based photocatalysts. This provides a new sight for the practical application of highly efficient photocatalytic overall water splitting.

Inhibition of c-Fos expression attenuates IgE-mediated mast cell activation and allergic inflammation by counteracting an inhibitory AP1/Egr1/IL-4 axis.

BACKGROUND: Activator protein-1 (AP1), a c-Fos-JUN transcription factor complex, mediates many cytobiological processes. c-Fos has been implicated in immunoglobulin (Ig)E activation of mast cells (MCs) via high-affinity IgE Fc receptor (FcεRI) binding. This study examined c-Fos involvement in MC activation and tested the effects of the c-Fos/AP1 inhibitor T-5224 on MCs activation and allergic responses. METHODS: In vitro studies were conducted with two MC model systems: rat basophilic leukemia cells (RBLs) and mouse bone marrow derived mast cells (BMMCs). MC degranulation and effector functions were examined with ß-hexosaminidase release and cytokine secretion assays. c-Fos/AP1 was inhibited with T-5224. c-Fos activity was suppressed with short hairpin RNA targeting c-Fos (shFos). In vivo immune responses were evaluated in passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and ovalbumin-induced active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA) models, as well as in an oxazolone (OXA)-induced model of atopic dermatitis, a common allergic disease. RESULTS: c-Fos expression was elevated transcriptionally and translationally in IgE-stimulated MCs. c-Fos binding of the Egr1 (early growth response 1) promoter upregulated Egr1 transcription, leading to production of interleukin (IL)4. T-5224 reduced FcεRI-mediated MC degranulation (evidenced by ß-hexosaminidase activity and histamine levels) and diminished EGR1 and IL4 expression. T-5224 attenuated IgE-mediated allergic responses in PCA and ASA models, and it suppressed MC-mediated atopic dermatitis in mice. CONCLUSION: IgE binding can activate MCs via a c-Fos/Egr1/IL-4 axis. T-5224 suppresses MC activation in vitro and in vivo and thus represents a promising potential strategy for targeting MC activation to treat allergic diseases.

Cinnamaldehyde Could Reduce the Accumulation of Diarrhetic Shellfish Toxins in the Digestive Gland of the Mussel Perna viridis under Laboratory Conditions.

Diarrhetic shellfish toxins (DSTs), some of the most important phycotoxins, are distributed almost all over the world, posing a great threat to human health through the food chain. Therefore, it is of great significance to find effective methods to reduce toxin accumulation in shellfish. In this paper, we observed the effects of four phytochemicals including cinnamaldehyde (CA), quercetin, oridonin and allicin on the accumulation of DSTs in the digestive gland of Perna viridis after exposure to the DSTs-producing Prorocentrum lima. We found that, among the four phytochemicals, CA could effectively decrease the accumulation of DSTs (okadaic acid-eq) in the digestive gland of P. viridis. Further evidence demonstrated that CA could reduce the histological alterations of the digestive gland of a mussel caused by DSTs. RT-qPCR showed that CA could suppress the CYP3A4 induction by DSTs, suggesting that the DSTs' decrease induced by CA might be related to the inhibition of CYP3A4 transcription induction. However, further studies on the underlying mechanism, optimal treatment time, ecological safety and cost should be addressed before cinnamaldehyde is used to decrease the accumulation of DSTs in field.

Mannotriose induced differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into neuron-like cells.

This article demonstrates that mannotriose effectively induces the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into neuron-like cells in vitro. Rat-derived mesenchymal stem cells were investigated on their potential to differentiate into neuron-like cells induced by mannotriose purified from Radix Rehmanniae Preparata in vitro. The percentage of the neuron-specific enolase positive cells and the Nissl positive cells after mannotriose treatment was increased. The mRNA levels of neurofilament medium and neuron-specific enolase were upregulated in the mannotriose group compared to the control. These findings demonstrate that mannotriose purified from Radix Rehmanniae Preparata can effectively induce differentiation of rat-derived mesenchymal stem cells into neuron-like cells.

Lung ultrasound score based on the BLUE-plus protocol is associated with the outcomes and oxygenation indices of intensive care unit patients.

PURPOSE: The primary objective was to demonstrate the relationship between lung ultrasound (LUS) manifestations and the outcomes of intensive care unit (ICU) patients. The secondary objective was to determine the characteristics of LUS manifestations in different subgroups of ICU patients. METHODS: This prospective multi-center cohort study was conducted in 17 ICUs. A total of 1702 patients admitted between August 31, 2017 and February 16, 2019 were included. LUS was performed according to the bedside lung ultrasound in emergency (BLUE)-plus protocol, and LUS scores were calculated. Data on the outcomes and oxygenation indices were analyzed and compared between different primary indication groups. RESULTS: The LUS scores were significantly higher for non-survivors than for survivors and were significantly different between the oxygenation index groups, with higher scores in the lower oxygenation index groups. The LUS score was an independent risk factor for the 28-day mortality. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.663 for prediction of the 28-day mortality and 0.748 for prediction of an oxygenation index ≤100. CONCLUSIONS: The LUS score based on the BLUE-plus protocol was an independent risk factor for the 28-day mortality and was important for the prediction of an oxygenation index ≤100. An early LUS score within 24 hours of ICU admission helps predicting the outcome of ICU patients.

[Application of whole exome sequencing technology in fetuses with congenital structural abnormalities].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the application value of whole exome sequencing technology in fetuses with congenital structural abnormalities. METHODS: The chromosomal abnormalities of 1147 families were analyzed. According to the follow-up results, the data of fetuses with new phenotypes in late pregnancy or after birth were reanalyzed. Subgroups were divided according to the organs involved and whether single malformation or not. The gene regulatory network map was drawn by using string database and Cytoscape software. Fisher exact probability method was used to compare the difference of the diagnostic rate of pathogenic genes among the groups. RESULTS: A total of 160 fetal cases received positive molecular diagnosed, involving 178 variant sites of 125 pathogenic genes, including 8 cases (4.9%, 8/163) by data reanalysis, and the overall positive diagnosis rate was 13.9%. Diagnostic rate was highest in the group of skeletal malformation (31.5%, 39/124) and lowest in that with thoracic malformation (0, 0/32). The gene clusters of fetal edema and intrauterine growth restriction were independent, and were not associated with the major structural malformations. The probability of each parent carrying the same recessive gene variant was 0.03 (39/1146) and 0.08 (4/53) with positive family history. CONCLUSION: For fetuses with congenital structural abnormalities that are negative for conventional genetic tests, 13.9% of phenotypic associated pathogenic/likely pathogenic genetic variants can be detected by whole exome sequencing technology. Its application value for prenatal diagnosis varies in fetus with different organs involved. Reanalysis of sequencing data for cases with new phenotypes in late pregnancy or after birth can further improve the molecular diagnosis rate. Further investigations are needed to explore the related genetic mechanisms.

All-trans-retinoid acid induces the differentiation of P19 cells into neurons involved in the PI3K/Akt/GSK3ß signaling pathway.

The pluripotent mouse embryonal carcinoma cell line P19 is widely used as a model for research on all-trans-retinoid acid (RA)-induced neuronal differentiation; however, the signaling pathways involved in this process remain unclear. This study aimed to reveal the molecular mechanism underlying the RA-induced neuronal differentiation of P19 cells. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were used to determine the expression of neuronal-specific markers, whereas flow cytometry was used to analyze cell cycle and cell apoptosis. The expression profiles of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in RA-induced neuronal differentiation of P19 cells were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing, and the functions of differentially expressed mRNAs (DEMs) were determined by bioinformatics analysis. RA induced an increase in both class III ß-tubulin (TUBB3) and neurofilament medium (NEFM) mRNA expression, indicating that RA successfully induces neuronal differentiation of P19 cells. Cell apoptosis was not affected; however, cell proliferation decreased. We found 4117 DEMs, which were enriched in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, and cell cycle. Particularly, a few DEMs could be identified in the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway networks, such as PI3K, Akt, glycogen synthase kinase-3ß (GSK3ß), cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), P21, and Bax. RA significantly increased the protein expression of PI3K, Akt, phosphorylated Akt, GSK3ß, phosphorylated GSK3ß, CDK4, and P21, but it reduced Bax protein expression. The Akt inhibitor affected the increase of TUBB3 and NEFM mRNA expression in RA-induced P19 cells. The molecular mechanism underlying the RA-induced neuronal differentiation of P19 cells is potentially involved in the PI3K/Akt/GSK3ß signaling pathway. The decreased cell proliferation ability of neuronally differentiated P19 cells could be associated with the expression of cell cycle proteins.

Increased number of intratumoral IL-17+ cells, a harbinger of the adverse prognosis of triple-negative breast cancer.

INTRODUCTION: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive cancer subtype and lack of effective targeted therapies. It has been recently reported that Interleukin 17 (IL-17), a family of cytokines secreted in tumor microenvironment, affects tumor progression through a variety of molecular pathways. Its role in TNBC is so far still poorly explored. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We employed immunohistochemistry to evaluate the distribution of IL-17+ cells in TNBC with no special type features (TNBC-NST), their association with tumor microangiogenesis, as well as their impact on prognosis of the patients. RESULTS: In comparison to medullary carcinoma with triple-negative molecular features (TNBC-MC), we found a significant increase in IL-17+ cell infiltrates in intratumoral stroma and extratumoral stroma of TNBC-NST. Similarly, stromal cells with co-expression of CD4 and IL-17 were noted in intratumoral and extratumoral stroma in both TNBC-NST and TNBC-MC. In addition, intratumoral IL-17+ cells were positively associated with tumor cell expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and with intratumoral tumor microvascular density (MVD). Multivariate analysis identified that intratumoral IL-17+ cells (P = 0.018), MVD (P = 0.039), and TNM stage (P = 0.002) were independent prognostic factors for predicting poor PFS. CONCLUSION: The study indicates that IL-17 is overexpressed in intratumoral stromal cells of TNBC-NST. The overexpression of IL-17 might engage in active tumor microangiogenesis through its signal transduction pathways resulting in increased tumor secretion of VEGFA, and then promote tumor progression. IL-17 might serve as a potential new target for individualized therapy to TNBC-NST patients by development of specific antibodies. Additional study is deemed to further explore the role of IL-17+ stromal cells in breast cancer.

Simple terahertz vortex beam generator based on reflective metasurfaces.

Orbital angular momentum (OAM) is an effective way to increase wireless communication capacity. The existing OAM mainly focuses on the optical and microwave frequency domain. In this letter, a reflective metasurface is proposed to generate an OAM vortex wave beam in the terahertz region with different topological charges. Under illumination of a circular polarized wave, the proposed metasurface generates the deflected OAM vortex wave beam with topological charges of l=±1 and l=±2 at a wide terahertz band from 0.3THz to 0.45THz. The OAM beam has a high mode purity that is larger than 90% at 0.4THz. Both theoretical prediction and simulated results verify that the designed metasurface can achieve a terahertz vortex wave beam with different OAM topological charges.

A model based on CT radiomic features for predicting RT-PCR becoming negative in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients.

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a global pandemic. According to the diagnosis and treatment guidelines of China, negative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the key criterion for discharging COVID-19 patients. However, repeated RT-PCR tests lead to medical waste and prolonged hospital stays for COVID-19 patients during the recovery period. Our purpose is to assess a model based on chest computed tomography (CT) radiomic features and clinical characteristics to predict RT-PCR negativity during clinical treatment. METHODS: From February 10 to March 10, 2020, 203 mild COVID-19 patients in Fangcang Shelter Hospital were retrospectively included (training: n = 141; testing: n = 62), and clinical characteristics were collected. Lung abnormalities on chest CT images were segmented with a deep learning algorithm. CT quantitative features and radiomic features were automatically extracted. Clinical characteristics and CT quantitative features were compared between RT-PCR-negative and RT-PCR-positive groups. Univariate logistic regression and Spearman correlation analyses identified the strongest features associated with RT-PCR negativity, and a multivariate logistic regression model was established. The diagnostic performance was evaluated for both cohorts. RESULTS: The RT-PCR-negative group had a longer time interval from symptom onset to CT exams than the RT-PCR-positive group (median 23 vs. 16 days, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the other clinical characteristics or CT quantitative features. In addition to the time interval from symptom onset to CT exams, nine CT radiomic features were selected for the model. ROC curve analysis revealed AUCs of 0.811 and 0.812 for differentiating the RT-PCR-negative group, with sensitivity/specificity of 0.765/0.625 and 0.784/0.600 in the training and testing datasets, respectively. CONCLUSION: The model combining CT radiomic features and clinical data helped predict RT-PCR negativity during clinical treatment, indicating the proper time for RT-PCR retesting.

Loss of G3BP1 suppresses proliferation, migration, and invasion of esophageal cancer cells via Wnt/ß-catenin and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways.

Accumulating evidence suggests that Ras GTPase-activating protein SH3 domain-binding protein 1 (G3BP1) is very crucial to regulate tumorigenesis and metastasis. Recently, many research works have suggested that G3BP1 is overexpressed in many human cancers including esophageal cancer. Nevertheless, the functional roles of G3BP1 in esophageal cancer are still unknown. Here, the results suggested that silencing of G3BP1 inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of esophageal cancer cells, whereas overexpression of G3BP1 led to opposite effects on the growth and metastasis. Surprisingly, G3BP1-depletion had no effect on cell death but caused the arrest of cell cycle in the G0 /G1 phase and increased the levels of p53 and p21. In addition, loss of G3BP1 led to a significant elevation of E-cadherin and decrease of N-cadherin, Vimentin, Snail, MMP-9, and MMP-2. Mechanistically, loss of G3BP1 dramatically suppressed Wnt-stimulated T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) transcription factor activity and downregulated its target genes including c-Myc, Axin2, and cyclin D1. Moreover, knockdown of G3BP1 downregulated the expression levels of p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-GSK-3ß, but the total PI3K, AKT, and GSK-3ß were not changed. Furthermore, our data proved that the promoting effects of G3BP1-overexpression on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion could be rescued by PI3K inhibitor LY294002 treatment. Collectively, our results here elucidate that G3BP1-depletion suppresses proliferation, migration, and invasion capabilities of esophageal cancer cells via the inactivation of Wnt/ß-catenin and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Furthermore, our findings imply that G3BP1 can participate in the regulation of esophageal cancer progression, and will be taken as a promising target to treat esophageal cancer.