Stimulating cardiac glucose oxidation lessens the severity of heart failure in aged female mice.

Heart failure is a prevalent disease worldwide. While it is well accepted that heart failure involves changes in myocardial energetics, what alterations that occur in fatty acid oxidation and glucose oxidation in the failing heart remains controversial. The goal of the study are to define the energy metabolic profile in heart failure induced by obesity and hypertension in aged female mice, and to attempt to lessen the severity of heart failure by stimulating myocardial glucose oxidation. 13-Month-old C57BL/6 female mice were subjected to 10 weeks of a 60% high-fat diet (HFD) with 0.5 g/L of Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) administered via drinking water to induce obesity and hypertension. Isolated working hearts were perfused with radiolabeled energy substrates to directly measure rates of myocardial glucose oxidation and fatty acid oxidation. Additionally, a series of mice subjected to the obesity and hypertension protocol were treated with a pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibitor (PDKi) to stimulate cardiac glucose oxidation. Aged female mice subjected to the obesity and hypertension protocol had increased body weight, glucose intolerance, elevated blood pressure, cardiac hypertrophy, systolic dysfunction, and decreased survival. While fatty acid oxidation rates were not altered in the failing hearts, insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation rates were markedly impaired. PDKi treatment increased cardiac glucose oxidation in heart failure mice, which was accompanied with improved systolic function and decreased cardiac hypertrophy. The primary energy metabolic change in heart failure induced by obesity and hypertension in aged female mice is a dramatic decrease in glucose oxidation. Stimulating glucose oxidation can lessen the severity of heart failure and exert overall functional benefits.

Investigation of the Inhibitory Effects of Illicium verum Essential Oil Nanoemulsion on Fusarium proliferatum via Combined Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Analysis.

Fusarium proliferatum is the main pathogen that causes Panax notoginseng root rot. The shortcomings of strong volatility and poor water solubility of Illicium verum essential oil (EO) limit its utilization. In this study, we prepared traditional emulsion (BDT) and nanoemulsion (Bneo) of I. verum EO by ultrasonic method with Tween-80 and absolute ethanol as solvents. The chemical components of EO, BDT, and Bneo were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the antifungal activity and mechanism were compared. The results show that Bneo has good stability and its particle size is 34.86 nm. The contents of (-) -anethole and estragole in Bneo were significantly higher than those in BDT. The antifungal activity against F. proliferatum was 5.8-fold higher than BDT. In the presence of I. verum EO, the occurrence of P. notoginseng root rot was significantly reduced. By combining transcriptome and metabolomics analysis, I. verum EO was found to be involved in the mutual transformation of pentose and glucuronic acid, galactose metabolism, streptomycin biosynthesis, carbon metabolism, and other metabolic pathways of F. proliferatum, and it interfered with the normal growth of F. proliferatum to exert antifungal effects. This study provide a theoretical basis for expanding the practical application of Bneo.

Virtual Reality-Based Exercise Rehabilitation in Cancer-Related Dysfunctions: Scoping Review.

BACKGROUND: Virtual reality-based exercise rehabilitation (VRER) is a promising intervention for patients with cancer-related dysfunctions (CRDs). However, studies focusing on VRER for CRDs are lacking, and the results are inconsistent. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to review the application of VRER in patients with CRDs. METHODS: This scoping review was conducted following the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) checklist framework. Publications were included from the time of database establishment to October 14, 2023. The databases were PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane, Web of Science, ProQuest, arXiv, IEEE Xplore, MedRxiv, CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, and SinoMed. The population included patients with cancer. A virtual reality (VR) system or device was required to be provided in exercise rehabilitation as an intervention. Eligible studies focused on VRER used for CRDs. Study selection and data extraction were performed by 2 reviewers independently. Extracted data included authors, year, country, study type, groups, sample size, participant age, cancer type, existing or potential CRDs, VR models and devices, intervention programs and durations, effectiveness, compliance, satisfaction, and safety. RESULTS: We identified 25 articles, and among these, 12 (48%) were randomized clinical trials, 11 (44%) were other experimental studies, and 2 (8%) were observational studies. The total sample size was 1174 (range 6-136). Among the 25 studies, 22 (88%), 2 (8%), and 1 (4%) included nonimmersive VR, immersive VR, and augmented reality, respectively, which are models of VRER. Commercial game programs (17/25, 68%) were the most popular interventions of VRER, and their duration ranged from 3 to 12 weeks. Using these models and devices, VRER was mostly applied in patients with breast cancer (14/25, 56%), leukemia (8/25, 32%), and lung cancer (3/25, 12%). Furthermore, 6 CRDs were intervened by VRER, and among these, postmastectomy syndromes were the most common (10/25, 40%). Overall, 74% (17/23) of studies reported positive results, including significant improvements in limb function, joint range of motion, edema rates, cognition, respiratory disturbance index, apnea, activities of daily living, and quality of life. The compliance rate ranged from 56% to 100%. Overall, 32% (8/25) of studies reported on patient satisfaction, and of these, 88% (7/8) reported satisfaction with VRER. Moreover, 13% (1/8) reported mild sickness as an adverse event. CONCLUSIONS: We found that around half of the studies reported using VRER in patients with breast cancer and postmastectomy dysfunctions through nonimmersive models and commercial game programs having durations of 3-12 weeks. In addition, most studies showed that VRER was effective owing to virtualization and interaction. Therefore, VRER may be an alternate intervention for patients with CRDs. However, as the conclusions were drawn from data with acknowledged inconsistencies and limited satisfaction reports, studies with larger sample sizes and more outcome indictors are required.

Accurate Robot Arm Attitude Estimation Based on Multi-View Images and Super-Resolution Keypoint Detection Networks.

Robot arm monitoring is often required in intelligent industrial scenarios. A two-stage method for robot arm attitude estimation based on multi-view images is proposed. In the first stage, a super-resolution keypoint detection network (SRKDNet) is proposed. The SRKDNet incorporates a subpixel convolution module in the backbone neural network, which can output high-resolution heatmaps for keypoint detection without significantly increasing the computational resource consumption. Efficient virtual and real sampling and SRKDNet training methods are put forward. The SRKDNet is trained with generated virtual data and fine-tuned with real sample data. This method decreases the time and manpower consumed in collecting data in real scenarios and achieves a better generalization effect on real data. A coarse-to-fine dual-SRKDNet detection mechanism is proposed and verified. Full-view and close-up dual SRKDNets are executed to first detect the keypoints and then refine the results. The keypoint detection accuracy, PCK@0.15, for the real robot arm reaches up to 96.07%. In the second stage, an equation system, involving the camera imaging model, the robot arm kinematic model and keypoints with different confidence values, is established to solve the unknown rotation angles of the joints. The proposed confidence-based keypoint screening scheme makes full use of the information redundancy of multi-view images to ensure attitude estimation accuracy. Experiments on a real UR10 robot arm under three views demonstrate that the average estimation error of the joint angles is 0.53 degrees, which is superior to that achieved with the comparison methods.

Carbazolyl-Modified Neutral Ir(III) Complexes for Efficient Detection of Picric Acid in Aqueous Media.

Based on the electron-deficient property of picric acid (PA), two neutral Ir(III) complexes 1 and 2 modified with the electron-rich carbazolyl groups were synthesized and characterized. Both 1 and 2 exhibit aggregation-induced phosphorescence emission (AIPE) properties in THF/H2O. Among them, 2 is extremely sensitive for detecting PA with a limit of detection of 0.15 µM in THF/H2O. Furthermore, the selectivity for PA is significantly higher compared to other analytes, enabling the efficient detection of PA in four common water samples. The density functional theory calculations and the spectroscopic results confirm that the sensing mechanism is photo-induced electron transfer (PET).

Robust Point Cloud Registration for Aircraft Engine Pipeline Systems.

Aircraft engine systems are composed of numerous pipelines. It is crucial to regularly inspect these pipelines to detect any damages or failures that could potentially lead to serious accidents. The inspection process typically involves capturing complete 3D point clouds of the pipelines using 3D scanning techniques from multiple viewpoints. To obtain a complete and accurate representation of the aircraft pipeline system, it is necessary to register and align the individual point clouds acquired from different views. However, the structures of aircraft pipelines often appear similar from different viewpoints, and the scanning process is prone to occlusions, resulting in incomplete point cloud data. The occlusions pose a challenge for existing registration methods, as they can lead to missing or wrong correspondences. To this end, we present a novel registration framework specifically designed for aircraft pipeline scenes. The proposed framework consists of two main steps. First, we extract the point feature structure of the pipeline axis by leveraging the cylindrical characteristics observed between adjacent blocks. Then, we design a new 3D descriptor called PL-PPFs (Point Line-Point Pair Features), which combines information from both the pipeline features and the engine assembly line features within the aircraft pipeline point cloud. By incorporating these relevant features, our descriptor enables accurate identification of the structure of the engine's piping system. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on aircraft engine pipeline point cloud data.

Disaster literacy in disaster emergency response: a national qualitative study among nurses.

BACKGROUND: As the largest group of healthcare professionals, nurses play an indispensable and crucial role in disaster response. The enhancement of nurses' disaster literacy is imperative for effective disaster emergency management. However, there is currently a lack of knowledge regarding nurses' disaster literacy. This study represents the first attempt to explore the key components and characteristics of disaster literacy among nurses. METHODS: A qualitative descriptive design was employed, and the reporting followed the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) guidelines (refer to File S1). The purposive sampling method was utilized. Thirty-one rescue nurses from 31 medical institutions across 25 provinces and regions in China were recruited to participate in the study. The respondents were requested to share their experiences and insights regarding disaster rescue operations. Inductive content analysis was employed for data examination. RESULTS: The results indicated that rescue nurses universally recognized that there was a pressing need to enhance the level of disaster literacy among nurses. The disaster literacy of nurses encompasses nine dimensions: physical and mental quality, disaster rescue general knowledge, professional and technical competence, professional ethics, teamwork, emotional ability, information literacy, leadership, and knowledge transformation. CONCLUSIONS: To ensure national sustainability, government departments, healthcare organizations, and hospital administrators can accurately evaluate the disaster literacy of individual clinical nurses, groups, and the workforce as a whole through nine dimensions, which also can provide evidence to support the development of precision strategies to strengthen the disaster literacy of nurses.

Virulence gene distribution and molecular epidemiological characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in the ICU. / ICUç¢³é’éœ‰çƒ¯è€è¯è‚ºç‚Žå ‹é›·ä¼¯èŒçš„æ¯’åŠ›åŸºå› åˆ†å¸ƒåŠåˆ†å­æµè¡Œç— å­¦ç‰¹å¾.

OBJECTIVES: The drug-resistant genes carried by carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) limit clinical treatment options, and its virulence genes severely affect patient prognosis. This study aims to investigate the distribution of virulence genes, capsular serotypes, and molecular epidemiological characteristics of CRKP in ICU, to understand the characteristics of CRKP infections in ICU, and to provide a scientific basis for effective monitoring and control of CRKP infections in ICU. METHODS: A total of 40 non-duplicate strains of CRKP isolated from the ICU of Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital between January 2021 and December 2022 were collected and analyzed. Whole-genome sequencing was used to analyze the distribution of resistance genes, virulence genes, and capsular serotypes of the strains. The sequences of 7 housekeeping genes of CRKP genome were uploaded to the Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPN)multilocus sequence typing (MLST) database to determine the sequence types (STs) of the strains. RESULTS: The age of the 40 ICU CRKP-infected patients was (69.03±17.82) years old, with various underlying diseases, and there were 20 patients with improved clinical outcome and 20 patients with death. The isolated strains primarily originated from mid-stream urine and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Whole-genome sequencing results revealed that the strains predominantly carried blaKPC-1 (29 strains, 72.5%) and blaNDM-1 (6 strains, 15.0%), with 5 strains carrying both blaKPC-1 and blaNDM-1. Various virulence genes were detected, among which the carriage rates of genes such as entA, entB, entE, entS, fepA, fepC, fepG, yag/ecp, and ompA reached 100%, while the carriage rates of genes such as entD, fimB, iroB, iroD, fes,and pla were low. The CRKP strains isolated from ICU were predominantly ST11 (27 cases, 67.5%), with KL64 being the main capsular serotype (29 cases, 72.5%). A total of 23 ST11-KL64 CRKP strains were detected, accounting for 57.5%. CONCLUSIONS: The main type of ICU CRKP is ST11-KL64, carrying various virulence genes, primarily those related to iron absorption. Furthermore, blaKPC has shifted from blaKPC-2 to blaKPC-1. Therefore, close monitoring of the molecular epidemiological changes of CRKP is necessary, and strict control measures should be implemented to effectively curb the occurrence of CRKP infections.

Cucurbit[8]uril-Mediated Supramolecular Heterodimerisation and Photoinduced [2+2] Heterocycloaddition to Generate Unexpected [2]Rotaxanes.

In contrast to the self-assembly of homosupramolecules, the self-assembly of heterosupramolecules is more challenging and significant in various fields. Herein, we design and investigate a cucurbit[8]uril-mediated heterodimerisation based on an arene-fluoroarene strategy. Furthermore, the heteroternary complex is found to be able to undergo a photoinduced [2+2] heterocycloaddition, resulting in the formation of an unexpected [2]rotaxane. This work demonstrates a novel supramolecular heterodimerisation system that not only contributes to the development of photoisomerisation systems, but also enriches synthetic methods for mechanically interlocked molecules.

Genome Sequencing and Analysis of Nigrospora oryzae, a Rice Leaf Disease Fungus.

Nigrospora oryzae is one of several fungal pathogens known to cause brown streaks, leaf spots, and latent infections in rice. In this study, the entire 42.09-Mb genome of N. oryzae was sequenced at a depth of 169× using the Oxford Nanopore Technologies platform. The draft genome sequence was comprised of 26 scaffolds, possessed an average GC content of 58.83%, and contained a total of 10,688 protein-coding genes. Analysis of the complete genome sequence revealed that CAZyme-encoding genes account for 6.11% of all identified genes and that numerous transcription factors (TFs) associated with diverse biological processes belong predominantly to Zn-clus (22.20%) and C2H2 (10.59%) fungal TF classes. In addition, genes encoding 126 transport proteins and 3307 pathogen-host interaction proteins were identified. Comparative analysis of the previously reported N. oryzae reference strain GZL1 genome and the genome of a representative strain ZQ1 obtained here revealed 9722 colinear genes. Collectively, these findings provide valuable insights into N. oryzae genetic mechanisms and phenotypic characteristics.

Association between dietary zinc intake and asthma in overweight or obese children and adolescents: A cross-sectional analysis of NHANES.

Background: Asthma, characterized by recurrent wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing, is a major health concern among children and adolescents worldwide, currently affecting more than 5 million children. The increasing prevalence of obesity and overweight among the pediatric population has made the issue of childhood respiratory health more complex. Compared with children of healthy weight, the risk of asthma is higher in overweight and obese children. Zinc, a nutrient that regulates the oxidant-antioxidant balance, has been studied for its potential protective effects against asthma in adults and children. However, the results are controversial, with some studies reporting a beneficial effect and others showing no effect. Therefore, our objective was to assess the correlation between zinc intake from diet and asthma occurrence among children and adolescents who are overweight or obese. Methods: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2011-2020) provided data on individuals aged ≤20 who were overweight or obese, had asthma, and consumed zinc in their diet. The association between dietary zinc and asthma was evaluated using a variety of statistical methods, including multivariate logistic regression, restricted cubic spline analysis, and subgroup analysis. Results: A total of 4597 pediatrics and adolescents were enrolled, with 20.9% (963/4597) suffering from asthma. After adjusting for all covariates in the multivariate logistic regression, compared with the lowest zinc intake group Q1(≤5.68 mg/day), the adjusted OR values for zinc intake and asthma in Q2 (5.69-8.36 mg/day), Q3 (8.37-11.95 mg/day), and Q4 (≥11.96 mg/day) were 0.78 (95% CI: 0.62-0.98, p = 0.03), 0.76 (95% CI: 0.6∼0.98, p = 0.032), 0.71 (95% CI: 0.53∼0.95, p = 0.022), respectively. Stratified analysis showed no interactive role for dietary zinc intake and asthma in overweight or obese children and adolescents. Conclusions: Dietary zinc intake is inversely associated with asthma in overweight or obese children and adolescents.

Exploring work readiness: A qualitative descriptive study of self-perceptions among new graduate nurses.

Background: Reduced work readiness is associated with elevated turnover rates, necessitating efforts to enhance the positive work readiness of newly graduated nurses to alleviate the shortage in the nursing workforce. Research into the work readiness of recent nursing graduates in China is still in its infancy. Most studies employ quantitative research methods, and further exploration of the self-perception of work readiness among new nurses in China is required. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate genuine experiences and self-perceptions of work readiness among new graduate nurses. Design: A qualitative descriptive study. Methods: Sixteen new nurses from a provincial tertiary hospital in China were included in this study, which adhered to the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) checklist for reporting. The data collection process involved conducting semi-structured interviews from September to October 2021. Inductive content analysis was employed to analyze the interview data. Results: The study identified four themes encompassing new nurses' real-life experiences and self-perceptions of work readiness: psychological stress, emotional conflict, empathy fatigue, and ethical dilemmas. Psychological stress comprised three subthemes: knowledge and skill deficits, communication barriers, and fear. Empathy fatigue was primarily characterized by psychological and physical symptoms. Ethical dilemmas involved conflicts over differences in values and between clinical reality and standardized nursing practice. Conclusion: Drawing from the self-perceptions of work readiness among new nurses found in this study, nursing administrators and educators must enhance the existing transition support program for new nurses. Additionally, the establishment of individualized training programs is recommended to further improve the work readiness of new nurses.

Q-ADER: An Effective Q-Learning for Recommendation With Diminishing Action Space.

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) has been widely applied to personalized recommender systems (PRSs) as they can capture user preferences progressively. Among RL-based techniques, deep Q-network (DQN) stands out as the most popular choice due to its simple update strategy and superior performance. Typically, many recommendation scenarios are accompanied by the diminishing action space setting, where the available action space will gradually decrease to avoid recommending duplicate items. However, existing DQN-based recommender systems inherently grapple with a discrepancy between the fixed full action space inherent in the Q-network and the diminishing available action space during recommendation. This article elucidates how this discrepancy induces an issue termed action diminishing error in the vanilla temporal difference (TD) operator. Due to this discrepancy, standard DQN methods prove impractical for learning accurate value estimates, rendering them ineffective in the context of diminishing action space. To mitigate this issue, we propose the Q-learning-based action diminishing error reduction (Q-ADER) algorithm to modify the value estimate error at each step. In practice, Q-ADER augments the standard TD learning with an error reduction term which is straightforward to implement on top of the existing DQN algorithms. Experiments are conducted on four real-world datasets to verify the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm.

Weathering the storm: diagnosis and treatment of a life-threatening disseminated Nocardia otitidiscaviarum infection.

Nocardiosis demonstrates a temporal categorization that includes acute, subacute, and chronic stages alongside distinct typical localizations such as pulmonary, cutaneous, and disseminated forms. Disseminated nocardiosis, commonly caused by Nocardia asteroides, N. brasiliensis, and N. farcinica, continues to result in substantial morbidity and mortality. Herein, we report a life-threatening disseminated nocardiosis caused by Nocardia otitidiscaviarum in a patient with minimal change disease. This study emphasizes the difficulty in the diagnosis and treatment of unknown infections in clinical settings and highlights the important role played by laboratories in solving infectious diseases caused by rare pathogens.

Foeniculum vulgare essential oil nanoemulsion inhibits Fusarium oxysporum causing Panax notoginseng root-rot disease.

Background: Fusarium oxysporum (F. oxysporum) is the primary pathogenic fungus that causes Panax notoginseng (P. notoginseng) root rot disease. To control the disease, safe and efficient antifungal pesticides must currently be developed. Methods: In this study, we prepared and characterized a nanoemulsion of Foeniculum vulgare essential oil (Ne-FvEO) using ultrasonic technology and evaluated its stability. Traditional Foeniculum vulgare essential oil (T-FvEO) was prepared simultaneously with 1/1000 Tween-80 and 20/1000 dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The effects and inhibitory mechanism of Ne-FvEO and T-FvEO in F. oxysporum were investigated through combined transcriptome and metabolome analyses. Results: Results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Ne-FvEO decreased from 3.65 mg/mL to 0.35 mg/mL, and its bioavailability increased by 10-fold. The results of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) showed that T-FvEO did not contain a high content of estragole compared to Foeniculum vulgare essential oil (FvEO) and Ne-FvEO. Combined metabolome and transcriptome analysis showed that both emulsions inhibited the growth and development of F. oxysporum through the synthesis of the cell wall and cell membrane, energy metabolism, and genetic information of F. oxysporum mycelium. Ne-FvEO also inhibited the expression of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase and isocitrate dehydrogenase and reduced the content of 2-oxoglutarate, which inhibited the germination of spores. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that Ne-FvEO effectively inhibited the growth of F. oxysporum in P. notoginseng in vivo. The findings contribute to our comprehension of the antifungal mechanism of essential oils (EOs) and lay the groundwork for the creation of plant-derived antifungal medicines.

Microbiome features in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy-related interstitial lung disease.

Background: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a common complication of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM), which is one of the connective tissue diseases (CTD). It can lead to poor prognosis and increased mortality. However, the distribution and role of the lower respiratory tract (LRT) microbiome in patients with IIM-ILD remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the microbial diversity and community differences in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in patients with IIM-ILD. Methods: From 28 June 2021 to 26 December 2023, 51 individual BALF samples were enrolled, consisting of 20 patients with IIM-ILD, 16 patients with other CTD-ILD (including 8 patients with SLE and 8 with RA) and 15 patients with CAP. The structure and function of microbiota in BALF were identified by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). Results: The community evenness of LRT microbiota within the IIM-ILD group was marginally lower compared to the other CTD-ILD and CAP groups. Nonetheless, there were no noticeable differences. The species community structure was similar among the three groups, based on the Bray-Curtis distance between the samples. At the level of genus, the IIM-ILD group displayed a considerably higher abundance of Pseudomonas and Corynebacterium in comparison to the CAP group (p < 0.01, p < 0.05). At the species level, we found that the relative abundance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa increased significantly in the IIM-ILD group compared to the CAP group (p < 0.05). Additionally, the relative abundance of Prevotella pallens was significantly higher in other CTD-ILD groups compared to that in the IIM-ILD group (p < 0.05). Of all the clinical indicators examined in the correlation analysis, ferritin level demonstrated the strongest association with LRT flora, followed by Serum interleukin-6 level (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our research has identified particular LRT microorganisms that were found to be altered in the IIM-ILD group and were significantly associated with immune function and inflammatory markers in patients. The lower respiratory tract microbiota has potential in the diagnosis and treatment of IIM-ILD.

Reversal Effect of Phosphorus on Catalytic Performances of Supported Nickel Catalysts in Reductive Amination of 1,6-Hexanediol.

The reductive amination of 1,6-hexanediol with ammonia is one of the most promising green routes for synthesis of 1,6-hexanediamine. Herein, we developed a phosphorous modified Ni catalyst of Ni-P/Al2O3. It presented satisfactory improved selectivity to 1,6-hexanediamine in the reductive amination of 1,6-hexanediol compared to the Ni/Al2O3 catalyst. The phosphorous tended to interact with Al2O3 to form AlPOx species, induced Ni nanoparticle to be flatter, and the decrease of strong acid sites, the new-formed Ni-AlPOx-Al2O3 interface and the flatter Ni nanoparticle were the key to switch the dominating product from hexamethyleneimine to 1,6-hexanediamine. This work develops an efficient catalyst for production of 1,6-hexanediamine from the reductive amination of 1,6-hexanediol, and provides a point of view about designing selective non-noble metal catalysts for producing primary diamines via reductive amination of diols.

Protein lysine acetylation does not contribute to the high rates of fatty acid oxidation seen in the post-ischemic heart.

High rates of cardiac fatty acid oxidation during reperfusion of ischemic hearts contribute to contractile dysfunction. This study aimed to investigate whether lysine acetylation affects fatty acid oxidation rates and recovery in post-ischemic hearts. Isolated working hearts from Sprague Dawley rats were perfused with 1.2 mM palmitate and 5 mM glucose and subjected to 30 min of ischemia and 40 min of reperfusion. Cardiac function, fatty acid oxidation, glucose oxidation, and glycolysis rates were compared between pre- and post-ischemic hearts. The acetylation status of enzymes involved in cardiac energy metabolism was assessed in both groups. Reperfusion after ischemia resulted in only a 41% recovery of cardiac work. Fatty acid oxidation and glycolysis rates increased while glucose oxidation rates decreased. The contribution of fatty acid oxidation to ATP production and TCA cycle activity increased from 90 to 93% and from 94.9 to 98.3%, respectively, in post-ischemic hearts. However, the overall acetylation status and acetylation levels of metabolic enzymes did not change in response to ischemia and reperfusion. These findings suggest that acetylation may not contribute to the high rates of fatty acid oxidation and reduced glucose oxidation observed in post-ischemic hearts perfused with high levels of palmitate substrate.

Study on the inhibitory activity and mechanism of Mentha haplocalyx essential oil nanoemulsion against Fusarium oxysporum growth.

Mentha haplocalyx essential oil (MEO) has demonstrated inhibitory effects on Fusarium oxysporum. Despite its environmentally friendly properties as a natural product, the limited water solubility of MEO restricts its practical application in the field. The use of nanoemulsion can improve bioavailability and provide an eco-friendly approach to prevent and control Panax notoginseng root rot. In this study, Tween 80 and anhydrous ethanol (at a mass ratio of 3) were selected as carriers, and the ultrasonic method was utilized to produce a nanoemulsion of MEO (MNEO) with an average particle size of 26.07 nm. Compared to MTEO (MEO dissolved in an aqueous solution of 2% DMSO and 0.1% Tween 80), MNEO exhibited superior inhibition against F. oxysporum in terms of spore germination and hyphal growth. Transcriptomics and metabolomics results revealed that after MNEO treatment, the expression levels of certain genes related to glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, starch and sucrose metabolism were significantly suppressed along with the accumulation of metabolites, leading to energy metabolism disorder and growth stagnation in F. oxysporum. In contrast, the inhibitory effect from MTEO treatment was less pronounced. Furthermore, MNEO also demonstrated inhibition on meiosis, ribosome function, and ribosome biogenesis in F. oxysporum growth process. These findings suggest that MNEO possesses enhanced stability and antifungal activity, which effectively hinders F. oxysporum through inducing energy metabolism disorder, meiotic stagnation, as well as ribosome dysfunction, thus indicating its potential for development as a green pesticide for prevention and control P. notoginseng root rot caused by F.oxyosporum.

Comparison of clopidogrel and ticagrelor in treating acute coronary syndrome undergoing PCI: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: The study aims to evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety between ticagrelor and clopidogrel in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: We searched MEDLINE (via PubMed), Cochrane, Embase, and the Cochrane library databases for eligible citations (the last search was up to December 2021). Subgroup analyses were performed based on region, study design, dose, and single-center/multicenter. Meta regressions were conducted to explore the source of heterogeneity. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the robustness of the results. Funnel plots and Egger's test were preformed to test publication bias of the meta-analysis. Results: A total of 29 studies were included, totaling 165,981 patients. Ticagrelor reduced the overall incidence rate of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) (HR 0.74; 95% CI, 0.62, 0.89; P = 0.001; I2 = 88.3%, P < 0.001) and all-cause mortality (HR 0.85; 95% CI, 0.75, 0.97; P = 0.019; I2 = 39.7%, P = 0.052) compared with clopidogrel. However, there was a higher risk of major bleeding (HR 1.21; 95% CI, 1.02,1.44; P = 0.026, I2 = 59.3%, P = 0.012) and all bleeding (HR 1.42; 95% CI, 1.24, 1.62; P < 0.001, I2 = 76.4%, P < 0.001) with ticagrelor compared to clopidogrel. The stability of the results was demonstrated by sensitivity analysis. Furthermore, subgroup analyses and meta-regression revealed that the heterogeneity in the study may stem from factors such as whether it was conducted in a single-center or multicenter setting, as well as the geographical region. Conclusion: Ticagrelor has demonstrated superior efficacy compared to clopidogrel in ACS patients undergoing PCI, particularly in Asia and Europe. Nevertheless, it is crucial to acknowledge that the utilization of ticagrelor is linked to a heightened risk of bleeding. To provide guidance for clinical decision-making regarding the use of ticagrelor, future multicenter randomized trials that are relevant and encompass longer follow-up periods are necessary. The category of the manuscript a meta-analysis: PROSPERO registration number CRD42021274198.