[Label-free monitoring 5-FU induced SW 620 cells apoptosis using FTIR microspectroscopy].

The aim of the present study was to evaluate Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) monitoring of biochemical changes in apoptosis cells. Different concentrations of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treated colon cancer cell lines SW620 were used to determine the optimum concentration of 5-FU IC50 by means of MTT assay. Cell starvation and 5-Fu synergistic cell cycle arrest was in G1 and S phase. FTIR combined with flow cytometry was applied to analysis of SW 620 cells and SW620 cells treated with 5-FU for 12h, 24h (early apoptosis) and 48 h (late apoptosis) respectively. The peak position and the intensity of all bands were measured and comparison was made between the SW620 and apoptotic SW620 cells. Apoptosis cells have following characteristics compared with SW620 cells (1) The band at 1 740 cm-1 is an C=O stretching vibration. Changes in these bands can reflect lipid changes, and relative peak intensity ratio 11740/11460 significantly increased (p<0. 05), indicating that the relative contents of lipid in apoptosis cells increased. (2) The band at the 1 410 cm-1 peak represents that C-H stretching related was increased to amino acid residues and shifted to higher wave numbers compared to other groups. I1410o/I 460 at early and late death phase was significantly increased, which suggests that the relative contents of amino acid residues in apoptosis cells increased (p <0. 05). New vibrational bands at 1 120 cm-1 appeared at 24 h and increased at 48 h compared with other groups. The 1 120 cm-1 absorption band is mainly due to ser, serine and threonine C-O(H) stretching vibration, and I1120/I 1460 significantly increased (p<0. 05), indicating that the relative quantity of amino acid residues in apoptosis cells increased due to that DNA unwinds the double helix. (3) 1 240 cm-1 is mainly due to the asymmetric stretching modes of phosphodiester groups shifting to higher wave number, illustrating that nucleic acid conformation was changed in apoptosis cells. (4) The band 1 040 cm-1 associated with polysaccharide appeared at 24 and 48 h, meanwhile shifted to higher wave number, suggesting that polysaccharide decreased in late apoptotic cells, and I 1040/I1400 increased at late stage apoptosis, indicating that the relative content of polysaccharide in apoptosis cells increased. The authors' results suggest that FTIR applied to monitoring SW620 cells apoptosis may be as a potential diagnostic tool for cancer chemotherapy monitoring.

Haplotype analysis of CTLA4 gene and risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Anyang area of China.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To study the effect of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 gene haplotypes to susceptibility of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. METHODOLOGY: A gender- and age-matched case-control design was used in this study. PCR-RFLP method was used to detect the genotype of CTLA4 in 205 patients and 205 control individuals in the Anyang area. Furthermore, haplotypes were calculated by PHASE2.1 software. Finally, the conditional logistic regression analysis was carried out to analyze the relevance between the risk of ESCC and the genotypes or haplotypes of CTLA4 gene. RESULTS: The CTLA4 rs231775 and rs4553808 genotypes in patients with ESCC were significantly different from controls (p=0.004, p=0.023, respectively). The AG and AA genotypes of rs231775 were highly correlated with the risk of ESCC (Adjusted OR=2.280, 95%CI=1.433-3.629, p=0.001; Adjusted OR=2.192, 95%CI=1.229-3.911, p=0.008, respectively), and AG genotype of rs4553808 also increased the susceptibility of ESCC (Adjusted OR=1.848, 95%CI=1.220-2.800, p=0.004). Further study suggested that AAG haplotype may enhance the risk of ESCC (Adjusted OR=5.035, 95%CI=1.599-15.860, p=0.005), but GAA haplotype played a protective role (Adjusted OR=0.413, 95%CI=0.251-0.680, p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our research confirmed that CTLA4 genetic variation was related to ESCC in the Anyang area and GAA haplotype was the protective factor of ESCC.

Preserve common limb in duodenal-jejunal bypass surgery benefits rats with type 2-like diabetes.

BACKGROUND: In order to understand the underlying mechanisms by which weight loss surgeries improve metabolic profiles in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and to evaluate the relevance of the length of the common limb in modulating various aspects of metabolism, we performed regular duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB) and long-limb DJB (LL-DJB) surgeries in Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats and compared their effects on glycemic control. METHODS: Male GK rats at 12 weeks of age were used for this study. Body weight, food intake, fasting glucose, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) level, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, cholesterol and triglycerides levels, and fecal energy content were monitored for 26 weeks after the two types of surgeries. RESULTS: We performed systematic analyses on GK rats after DJB or long-limb surgeries. Both procedures prevented body weight gain, reduced blood glucose and lipid levels, increased GLP-1 levels, and led to better insulin sensitivity. In general, LL-DJB displayed better effects than DJB, except that both surgeries caused similar increase in GLP-1 levels. CONCLUSIONS: Both DJB and LL-DJB surgeries triggered beneficial effects in GK rats. LL-DJB showed better outcomes than DJB, which may be due to reduced food intake and higher fecal energy content. This indicates that the length of the common limb could influence metabolic profiles of surgery recipients.