A rare case of giant left sinus of Valsalva aneurysm complicated by thrombus formation.

A rare transthoracic echocardiographic image of left sinus of Valsalva aneurysm complicated by thrombus formation.

A new secondary metabolite from the marine-derived fungus Phomopsis lithocarpus FS508.

Based on the One Strain-Many Compounds (OSMAC) strategy, the secondary metabolites of Phomopsis lithocarpus FS508 were investigated. As a result, a new secondary metabolite, 4-methoxy-3-[4-(acetyloxy)-3-methyl-2-butenyl]benzoic acid (1) as well as eleven known compounds were isolated from the fermentation product of the strain FS508. Their structures were determined by NMR, IR, UV, and MS spectroscopic data analyses. All the isolated compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities. Among them, compounds 3 and 9 displayed potent cytotoxicity against HepG-2 cell line, and compounds 2, 3 and 12 showed significant anti-inflammatory activities.

Anti-Inflammatory Phomalones from the Deep-Sea-Derived Fungus Trichobotrys effuse FS522.

Four new phomalones A-D (1-4), together with five known analogues (5-9) were isolated from the deep-sea-derived fungus Trichobotrys effuse FS522. Their structures of the new compounds established by analysis of their NMR and HR-ESI-MS spectroscopic data, and the absolute configurations of 2 was determined by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. compounds 4, 6 and 8 substantially inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) with IC50 values of 4.64, 13.90, and 34.07 µM.

Detection of Antibiotic Resistance in Feline-Origin ESBL Escherichia coli from Different Areas of China and the Resistance Elimination of Garlic Oil to Cefquinome on ESBL E. coli.

The development of drug-resistance in the opportunistic pathogen Escherichia coli has become a global public health concern. Due to the share of similar flora between pets and their owners, the detection of pet-origin antibiotic-resistant E. coli is necessary. This study aimed to detect the prevalence of feline-origin ESBL E. coli in China and to explore the resistance elimination effect of garlic oil to cefquinome on ESBL E. coli. Cat fecal samples were collected from animal hospitals. The E. coli isolates were separated and purified by indicator media and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). ESBL genes were detected by PCR and Sanger sequencing. The MICs were determined. The synergistic effect of garlic oil and cefquinome against ESBL E. coli was investigated by checkerboard assays, time-kill and growth curves, drug-resistance curves, PI and NPN staining, and a scanning electronic microscope. A total of 80 E. coli strains were isolated from 101 fecal samples. The rate of ESBL E. coli was 52.5% (42/80). The prevailing ESBL genotypes in China were CTX-M-1, CTX-M-14, and TEM-116. In ESBL E. coli, garlic oil increased the susceptibility to cefquinome with FICIs from 0.2 to 0.7 and enhanced the killing effect of cefquinome with membrane destruction. Resistance to cefquinome decreased with treatment of garlic oil after 15 generations. Our study indicates that ESBL E. coli has been detected in cats kept as pets. The sensitivity of ESBL E. coli to cefquinome was enhanced by garlic oil, indicating that garlic oil may be a potential antibiotic enhancer.

Chevalones H-M: Six New α-Pyrone Meroterpenoids from the Gorgonian Coral-Derived Fungus Aspergillus hiratsukae SCSIO 7S2001.

Six new α-pyrone meroterpenoid chevalones H-M (1-6), together with six known compounds (7-12), were isolated from the gorgonian coral-derived fungus Aspergillus hiratsukae SCSIO 7S2001 collected from Mischief Reef in the South China Sea. Their structures, including absolute configurations, were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and X-ray diffraction data. Compounds 1-5 and 7 showed different degrees of antibacterial activity with MIC values of 6.25-100 µg/mL. Compound 8 exhibited potent cytotoxicity against SF-268, MCF-7, and A549 cell lines with IC50 values of 12.75, 9.29, and 20.11 µM, respectively.

The important role of P450 monooxygenase for the biosynthesis of new benzophenones from Cytospora rhizophorae.

Benzophenones are polyketides with diverse biological activities. Novel cytotoxic benzophenones cytosporaphenones A-C and cytorhizins A-D, which contain a new skeleton, were previously extracted from endophytic fungus Cytospora rhizophorae A761. However, the mechanism for the biosynthesis of these compounds remains unknown. Cytosporaphenone A was assumed to be the precursor for the biosynthesis of cytorhizins A-D. In this study, we sequenced the genome of C. rhizophorae A761 and characterized a benzoate 4-monooxygenase cytochrome P450(BAM). CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene knockout and overexpression studies in C. rhizophorae confirmed the vital function of BAM in the biosynthesis of cytosporaphenones and cytorhizins. Overexpression of BAM also enhanced the yield of cytosporaphenone A by 1.868 folds. The in vitro function and enzymatic properties of BAM were also described. This study demonstrates the important role of BAM for the biosynthesis of cytosporaphenone A and cytorhizins and is also the first to provide approaches for the CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene deletion and gene overexpression studies in C. rhizophoarae, thus laying a foundation for the elucidation of the biosynthetic mechanism of cytorhizins and the discovery of new benzophenones mediated by BAM.Key points• The novel bam gene encoding BAM protein in C. rhizophorae was firstly deleted using CRIPSR/Cas9 system.• The in vitro oxidation function of novel BAM protein and enzymatic properties was characterized.• The over expression of bam gene enhanced the yield of cytosporaphone A in C. rhizophorae significantly.

Structurally Diverse Polycyclic Salicylaldehyde Derivative Enantiomers from a Marine-Derived Fungus Eurotium sp. SCSIO F452.

To enlarge the chemical diversity of Eurotium sp. SCSIO F452, a talented marine-derived fungus, we further investigated its chemical constituents from a large-scale fermentation with modified culture. Four pairs of new salicylaldehyde derivative enantiomers, euroticins F-I (1-4), as well as a known one eurotirumin (5) were isolated and characterized. Compound 1 features an unprecedented constructed 6/6/6/5 tetracyclic structures, while 2 and 3 represent two new types of 6/6/5 scaffolds. Their structures were established by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, X-ray diffraction, 13C NMR, and electronic circular dichroism calculations. Selected compounds showed significant inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase and moderate cytotoxic activities against SF-268, MCF-7, HepG2, and A549 cell lines.

Cytosporins A-D, novel benzophenone derivatives from the endophytic fungus Cytospora rhizophorae A761.

Four novel benzophenone derivatives, cytosporins A-D (1-4), hemiterpene-conjugated phenolics with an unprecedented benzo[b][1,5]dioxocane skeleton, were isolated from Cytospora rhizophorae A761. The structures of the new compounds were fully characterized on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. The deduced structure represents the first example of natural meroterpenoids which bear a benzo[b][1,5]dioxocane framework embodying hemiterpene and benzophenone moieties. Moreover, compounds 1-4 were evaluated for in vitro antimicrobial activity.

Double-chambered left ventricle: A rare case in a child.

Double-chambered left ventricle (DCLV) is an extremely rare congenital heart disease. In this condition, the left ventricle is divided into two chambers by a septum or muscle fiber with abnormal proliferation. A symptomatic boy was diagnosed with DCLV at our hospital. The patient was admitted with the major complaint of 8 years of cardiac murmur, which was discovered through physical examination, and 5 years of palpitations and shortness of breath. He has been followed up without treatment.

Fistula between the right pulmonary artery and the left atrium coexisting with a secundum-type atrial septal defect: An unusual case of cyanosis in a girl.

A fistula between the pulmonary artery (PA) and the left atrium (LA) is a rare congenital heart disease that usually presents with cyanosis, clubbing, and dyspnea, as well as the signs and symptoms of a right-to-left shunt. Herein, we report a 16-year-old girl with a fistula between the right PA and the LA. This type of fistula could lead to systemic desaturation. This patient also had an atrial septal defect of the secundum type and has been followed up without treatment. The clinical manifestations and treatment of fistulas located between the PA and LA are also reviewed in this report.

Tersone A-G, New Pyridone Alkaloids from the Deep-Sea Fungus Phomopsis tersa.

Four phenylfuropyridone racemates, (±)-tersones A-C and E (1-3, 5), one phenylpyridone racemate, (±)-tersone D (4), one new pyridine alkaloid, tersone F (6), single new phenylfuropyridone, tersone G (7) and two known analogs 8 and 9 were isolated from the deep-sea fungus Phomopsis tersa. Their structures and absolute configurations were characterized on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Moreover, compounds 1-9 were evaluated for in vitro antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity. Compounds 5b and 8b exhibited antibacterial activity against S. aureus with the MIC value of 31.5 µg/mL, while compound 5b showed cytoxic activities against SF-268, MCF-7, HepG-2 and A549 cell lines with IC50 values of 32.0, 29.5, 39.5 and 33.2 µM, respectively.

Chromone-Derived Polyketides from the Deep-Sea Fungus Diaporthe phaseolorum FS431.

Five new chromone-derived polyketides phaseolorins A-F (1⁻5), together with nine known compounds, were isolated from the deep-sea derived fungus Diaporthe phaseolorum FS431. The structures of new compounds were determined by analysis of their NMR and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (HRESIMS) spectroscopic data. The absolute configurations were confirmed by chemical transformations, extensively experimental electron capture detection (ECD) calculations, or X-ray crystallography. Among them, compound 2 represented the first example for a new family of chromone derivative possessing an unprecedented recombined five-member γ-lactone ring. Moreover, the new compounds (1⁻5) were evaluated for in vitro cytotoxic activities against a panel of human cancer cell lines.

Survival of Patients with Primary Cardiac Tumors in an 11-Year Single Center Study.

BACKGROUND: Primary cardiac tumors are rare, but few studies have examined the relationship between risk factors and the prognosis. The aim of this study was to provide a survival analysis and risk factors for mortality in patients with primary cardiac tumors. METHODS: We retrospectively enrolled 71 patients diagnosed with primary cardiac tumors from June 2006 to November 2017 in our hospital. Patients' population characteristics, treatment information, pathology, and follow-up data were obtained and analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 71 patients, 60 cases were benign, and 11 cases were malignant. Sex, age, New York Heart Association classification, the percentage of peripheral embolism, and surgery had no significant difference between benign and malignant groups (P >.05), but the percentage of arrhythmia, leg edema, and mortality rate was higher in the malignant tumor group than in the benign tumor group (P <.05). Compared with the benign tumor group, the percentage of biatrial lesions in the malignant tumor group was significantly higher (P <.05). Moreover, Independent risk factors included the treatment choice, pathology type, and number of tumor lesions (P <.05). CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that conservative therapy, malignant cardiac tumor, and biatrial tumor lesion are independent risk factors for poor prognosis.

Two new 12-membered macrolides from the endophytic fungal strain Cladosprium colocasiae A801 of Callistemon viminalis.

Two new polyketide metabolites, the 12-membered macrolides 4-hydroxy-12-methyloxacyclododecane-2,5,6-trione (1) and 12-methyloxacyclododecane-2,5,6-trione (2), were isolated from the endophytic fungal strain Cladosprium colocasiae A801 of the plant Callistemon viminalis, together with five known derivatives. Their structures were fully characterized by means of detailed spectroscopic analysis for new structures, and in comparison with published data for known compounds. The antibacterial, cytotoxic, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the new compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated.

Two new metabolites from Daldinia eschscholtzii, an endophytic fungus derived from Pogostemon cablin.

The chemical investigation of the mycelia of endophytic fungus Daldinia eschscholtzii A630, which was isolated from the medicinal plant Pogostemon cablin, resulted in the isolation of two new compounds, named eschscholin A (1), 3-ene-2-methyl-2H-1-benzopyran-5-ol (2), and one new natural product 3,5-dihydroxy-2-methyl-4H-chromen-4-one (3), along with seven known compounds. Their structures were fully characterized by means of detailed spectroscopic analysis, and in comparison with published data for known compounds. All of the isolated compounds (1-10) were evaluated for their antibacterial activities.

Geospallins A⁻C: New Thiodiketopiperazines with Inhibitory Activity against Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme from a Deep-Sea-Derived Fungus Geosmithia pallida FS140.

Three new thiodiketopiperazines, geospallins A⁻C (1⁻3), together with nine known analogues (4⁻12), were isolated from the culture of the deep-sea sediment-derived fungus Geosmithia pallida FS140. Among them, geospallins A and B (1 and 2) represent rare examples of thiodiketopiperazines featuring an S-methyl group at C-10 and a tertiary hydroxyl group at C-11. Their structures were determined by high-resolution electrospray mass spectrometry (HRESIMS), spectroscopic analyses, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Their angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity was reported, and geospallins A⁻C (1⁻3) showed inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 29⁻35 µM.

Highly Substituted Benzophenone Aldehydes and Eremophilane Derivatives from the Deep-Sea Derived Fungus Phomopsis lithocarpus FS508.

Five new benzophenone derivatives named tenellones D⁻H (1⁻5), sharing a rare naturally occurring aldehyde functionality in this family, and a new eremophilane derivative named lithocarin A (7), together with two known compounds (6 and 8), were isolated from the deep marine sediment-derived fungus Phomopsis lithocarpus FS508. All of the structures for these new compounds were fully characterized and established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic interpretation and X-ray crystallographic analysis. Compound 5 exhibited cytotoxic activity against HepG-2 and A549 cell lines with IC50 values of 16.0 and 17.6 µM, respectively.

Eurotiumins A⁻E, Five New Alkaloids from the Marine-Derived Fungus Eurotium sp. SCSIO F452.

Three new prenylated indole 2,5-diketopiperazine alkaloids (1⁻3) with nine known ones (5⁻13), one new indole alkaloid (4), and one new bis-benzyl pyrimidine derivative (14) were isolated and characterized from the marine-derived fungus Eurotium sp. SCSIO F452. 1 and 2, occurring as a pair of diastereomers, both presented a hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indole skeleton. Their chemical structures, including absolute configurations, were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS, quantum chemical calculations of electronic circular dichroism, and single crystal X-ray diffraction experiments. Most isolated compounds were screened for antioxidative potency. Compounds 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, and 12 showed significant radical scavenging activities against DPPH with IC50 values of 13, 19, 4, 3, 24, 13, and 18 µM, respectively. Five new compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic activities.

Erratum: General Non-Markovian Dynamics of Open Quantum Systems [Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 170402 (2012)].

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.170402.

Monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes from the marine sediment-derived fungus Eutypella scoparia FS46.

Eutypellol A (1), the first norsesquiterpenoid of sequicarene family, as well as eutypellol B (2), a rare 7-methyl oxidized 2-carene derivative, and one new natural product 2-(2-hydroxy-4-methylcyclohex-3-enyl)propanoic acid (3), along with eight known terpenoids, were isolated from the marine sediment-derived fungus Eutypella scoparia FS46 collected from the South China Sea. Their structures were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 1-3 were evaluated for their antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and cytotoxic activities against MCF-7, NCI-H460, and SF-268 tumor cell lines.