Knowledge and Perceptions of Undergraduate Nurses towards the Use of Cocaine (Smoked) in a Brazilian Context.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the perceptions and knowledge of nursing students on the identification and intervention care among users of cocaine (smoked) patients. A cross-sectional survey design was conducted with 164 undergraduate nursing students of two nursing school from Northeast of Brazil. A questionnaire on knowledge and attitudes and therapeutic commitment towards the use of cocaine (smoked) were used. The students stated that they received contents of substance misuse in the curriculum of nursing. Only 10% of the students reported that they had adequate knowledge on addiction to dealing with cocaine (smoked) users and wish to work with these users. There are positive perceptions on motivation, task specific self-esteem and work satisfaction among students.

Nursing Diagnoses of the Homeless Population in Light of Self-care Theory.

BACKGROUND: A growing number of people find themselves in conditions of extreme poverty, which often makes living on the streets the only option. Living conditions in this setting exert a direct impact on health and self-care. Health care for the homeless population should be planned in an interdisciplinary and intersectoral manner. In this context, nursing diagnoses constitute an essential part of the systemization of care. OBJECTIVES: The aims of the present study were to identify nursing diagnoses of a homeless population and propose nursing interventions based on the findings in light of the Nursing Outcomes Classification and Nursing Interventions Classification. DESIGN AND SETTING: A descriptive, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach was conducted on the streets of the city of Recife in northeastern Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: The sample consisted of 274 male and female adult homeless individuals. METHODS: Data collection involved the administration of a semi-structured interview, the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test and the International Neuropsychiatric Interview. RESULTS: The most prevalent diagnoses were related to risk-prone health behaviors (78.1%), inadequate health maintenance (67.1%), along with sleep deprivation (100%), feelings of hopelessness (100%) and low self-esteem (99%). CONCLUSIONS: The experience enabled the identification of the peculiarities of the population, bringing nursing practice closer to health promotion for the homeless. Adequate public policies and training for health teams are needed to address the health needs of the homeless population.

Cross-cultural adaptation of the drug-taking confidence questionnaire drug version for use in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: The Drug-Taking Confidence Questionnaire evaluates a drug user's confidence in his or her ability to resist the urge to consume psychoactive substances in high-risk situations. This study's objective was to develop a cross-cultural adaptation of the eight-item version of the Drug-Taking Confidence Questionnaire (DTCQ-8) for all drugs except alcohol and to verify its content validity and reliability in a pre-test stage. METHODS: The following steps were taken: (1) implementation of the translation protocol and transcultural adaptation, (2) validation of the adapted content, and (3) assessment of reliability. Nine experts participated in the process of adaptation, and the trial's sample comprised 40 drug users in treatment at a Psychosocial Care Center for Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAPSad). RESULTS: The average indices of semantic agreement (0.989; 0.989; 1.00), idiomatic (0.967), experiential (0.956), conceptual (0.978) and content validity with respect to language clarity (0.972), practice relevance (0.958), theoretical relevance (0.958) and theoretical dimension (1.00) showed that the adaption was successful. The mean total score of the DTCQ-8 version for other drugs was 477.00 + 234.27-SD, and 57.5 % of the users were classified as having moderate self-efficacy to resist the urge to use drugs in high-risk situations. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.889 for the complete instrument and 0.863-0.890 between items. CONCLUSIONS: The DTCQ-8 version for other drugs proved to be easy to use and understand, and its process of adaptation was satisfactory for use in the Brazilian context. In this sample, the questionnaire was adequate to measure users' self-efficacy to resist the urge to consume these substances in high-risk situations.

Prevention of Illicit Drug use from the Users' Perspective.

This research described the perspective of illicit drug users regarding illicit drug use prevention initiatives. The study used a convergent parallel mixed methods design, combining quantitative and qualitative methods. In the quantitative component of the study, 111 subjects from a psychosocial care centre (CAPS-AD). The qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 11 subjects who were selected from among the participants and who declared themselves to be personally affected as being or having been illicit drugs users. From the perspective of drug users, the results pointed out different prevention initiatives and the institutions that should be responsible for them. For preventive actions to be successful, they must be intersectoral and involve government, community and families.

Prevention of Illicit Drug use from the Users' Perspective.

This research described the perspective of illicit drug users regarding illicit drug use prevention initiatives. The study used a convergent parallel mixed methods design, combining quantitative and qualitative methods. In the quantitative component of the study, 111 subjects from a psychosocial care centre (CAPS-AD). The qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 11 subjects who were selected from among the participants and who declared themselves to be personally affected as being or having been illicit drugs users. From the perspective of drug users, the results pointed out different prevention initiatives and the institutions that should be responsible for them. For preventive actions to be successful, they must be intersectoral and involve government, community and families.

Prevention of Illicit Drug use from the Users' Perspective

This research described the perspective of illicit drug users regarding illicit drug use prevention initiatives. The study used a convergent parallel mixed methods design, combining quantitative and qualitative methods. In the quantitative component of the study, 111 subjects from a psychosocial care centre (CAPS-AD). The qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 11 subjects who were selected from among the participants and who declared themselves to be personally affected as being or having been illicit drugs users. From the perspective of drug users, the results pointed out different prevention initiatives and the institutions that should be responsible for them. For preventive actions to be successful, they must be intersectoral and involve government, community and families.

Esta investigación describió la perspectiva de los consumidores de drogas ilícitas con respecto a las iniciativas de prevención del consumo de drogas ilícitas. El estudio utilizó un diseño de métodos mixtos paralelos convergentes que combina métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos. En el componente cuantitativo del estudio, 111 sujetos de un centro de atención psicosocial (CAPS-AD). Los datos cualitativos se recogieron a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas con 11 sujetos que fueron seleccionados entre los participantes y que se declararon personalmente afectados por ser o haber sido consumidores de drogas ilícitas. Desde la perspectiva de los usuarios de drogas, los resultados señalaron diferentes iniciativas de prevención y las instituciones que deberían encargarse de ellas. Para que las acciones preventivas tengan éxito, deben ser intersectoriales e involucrar al gobierno, la comunidad y las familias.

Representações sociais sobre a escolha da enfermagem na perspectiva de estudantes do sexo masculino

RESUMO Introdução: A enfermagem é uma profissão exercida por ambos os sexos, embora que historicamente o sexo feminino sempre se apresentou predominante. Atualmente observa-se um aumento de homens destacando-se na profissão, apesar do imaginário social reconhecer o homem com menos conhecimento no processo do cuidar. Objetivo: Analisar as representações sociais da carreira profissional em enfermagem para estudantes do sexo masculino que cursam o bacharelado. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, exploratório, qualitativo, desenvolvido em uma instituição privada de ensino superior, na cidade do Recife/Pernambuco/Brasil. A população foi constituída por alunos do sexo masculino, matriculados entre o 1° ao 10º período no curso de graduação em enfermagem no ano de 2018. A amostra foi composta por 24 alunos que atenderam aos critérios estabelecidos. Foi utilizado instrumento semiestruturado contendo três questões sobre o tema do estudo. Os resultados foram analisados à luz da análise de conteúdo, com base na teoria das representações sociais. Resultados: A enfermagem é compreendida como ciência do cuidado, porém há desafios enfrentados pelos estudantes que escolhem a profissão. Estes reconhecem a existência de uma visão estereotipada e sexista que questiona sobre masculinidade. Esta pode influenciar o comportamento do profissional em sua percepção e valorização. Conclusão: É imperiosa a necessidade de mudanças na imagem da enfermagem, uma vez que o valor do cuidado não deve estar centrado no sexo do profissional. Faz-se necessária visibilidade para desconstrução de estereótipos e preconceitos que possam interferir no processo do cuidado.

RESUMEN Introducción: La enfermería es una profesión ejercida por ambos sexos, aunque históricamente el sexo femenino siempre ha sido predominante. Actualmente, hay un aumento en los hombres que se destacan en la profesión, a pesar del imaginario social que reconoce a los hombres con menos conocimiento en el proceso de atención. Objetivo: Analizar las representaciones sociales de las carreras profesionales de enfermería para estudiantes varones que cursan una licenciatura. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, exploratorio, cualitativo, desarrollado en una institución privada de educación superior, en la ciudad de Recife/Pernambuco/Brasil. La población estuvo compuesta por estudiantes varones, matriculados entre el primer y el décimo período en el curso de pregrado de enfermería en 2018. La muestra consistió en 24 estudiantes que cumplieron con los criterios establecidos. Se utilizó un instrumento semiestructurado, que contiene tres preguntas sobre el tema de estudio. Los resultados se analizaron a la luz del análisis de contenido, basado en la teoría de las representaciones sociales. Resultados: La enfermería se entiende como una ciencia de la atención, pero los estudiantes que eligen la profesión enfrentan desafíos. Reconocen la existencia de una visión estereotipada y sexista que cuestiona la masculinidad. Esto puede influir en el comportamiento del profesional en su percepción y apreciación. Conclusión: Es imprescindible cambiar la imagen de la enfermería, ya que el valor de la atención no debe centrarse en el sexo del profesional. La visibilidad es necesaria para deconstruir estereotipos y prejuicios que puedan interferir en el proceso de atención.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Nursing is a profession practiced by both sexes, although historically the female sex has always been the predominant one. Currently, there is an increase in the number of men who stand out in the profession, despite the social imaginary that recognizes men as having less knowledge in the care process. Objective: To analyze the social representations of professional nursing careers among male students majoring for a bachelor's degree. Methods: Descriptive, exploratory and qualitative study carried out in a private higher education institution in the city of Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. The population consisted of male students enrolled in the undergraduate Nursing course, between the first and tenth periods, in 2018. The sample consisted of 24 students who met the established criteria. A semistructured instrument was used, which contains three questions on the subject of study. The results were analyzed following content analysis, based on the theory of social representations. Results: Nursing is understood as a science of care, but the students who choose the profession face challenges. They recognize the existence of a stereotypical and sexist vision that questions masculinity. This can influence the professional's behavior regarding the perception and appreciation of nursing. Conclusion: It is essential to change the image of nursing, since the value of care should not focus on the gender of the professional. Visibility is necessary to deconstruct stereotypes and prejudices that may interfere with the care process.

Ethical implications and decision making in care education process.

OBJECTIVE: To determine ethical implications for nursing practice at the point of decision making by nursing professors in practice area. METHODOLOGY: A qualitative method was adopted, with use of semistructured interviews with sixteen nursing professors who delivered care at a teaching hospital in Salvador, Bahia, from May to June 2011. The methodological reference used was the discourse of the collective subject (DCS) by Lefévre and Lefévre. RESULTS: . In response to DCSs, the following subjects appeared: "Ethics is fundamental and of vital importance in the decision making process," "searching for knowledge and research to identify problems and solutions, including alternatives and support for decisions," and "to act in the best way." CONCLUSION: Professors who provide education about patient care also delivered care. They have the responsibility to consider the ethical implications of decision making because they stimulate fundamental reflection and could positively influence future nursing professionals.