Chemical traits of cerebral amyloid angiopathy in familial British-, Danish-, and non-Alzheimer's dementias.

Familial British dementia (FBD) and familial Danish dementia (FDD) are autosomal dominant forms of dementia caused by mutations in the integral membrane protein 2B (ITM2B, also known as BRI2) gene. Secretase processing of mutant BRI2 leads to secretion and deposition of BRI2-derived amyloidogenic peptides, ABri and ADan that resemble APP/ß-amyloid (Aß) pathology, which is characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Amyloid pathology in FBD/FDD manifests itself predominantly in the microvasculature by ABri/ADan containing cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). While ABri and ADan peptide sequences differ only in a few C-terminal amino acids, CAA in FDD is characterized by co-aggregation of ADan with Aß, while in contrast no Aß deposition is observed in FBD. The fact that FDD patients display an earlier and more severe disease onset than FBD suggests a potential role of ADan and Aß co-aggregation that promotes a more rapid disease progression in FDD compared to FBD. It is therefore critical to delineate the chemical signatures of amyloid aggregation in these two vascular dementias. This in turn will increase the knowledge on the pathophysiology of these diseases and the pathogenic role of heterogenous amyloid peptide interactions and deposition, respectively. Herein, we used matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) in combination with hyperspectral, confocal microscopy based on luminescent conjugated oligothiophene probes (LCO) to delineate the structural traits and associated amyloid peptide patterns of single CAA in postmortem brain tissue of patients with FBD, FDD as well as sporadic CAA without AD (CAA+) that show pronounced CAA without parenchymal plaques. The results show that CAA in both FBD and FDD consist of N-terminally truncated- and pyroglutamate-modified amyloid peptide species (ADan and ABri), but that ADan peptides in FDD are also extensively C-terminally truncated as compared to ABri in FBD, which contributes to hydrophobicity of ADan species. Further, CAA in FDD showed co-deposition with Aß x-42 and Aß x-40 species. CAA+ vessels were structurally more mature than FDD/FBD CAA and contained significant amounts of pyroglutamated Aß. When compared with FDD, Aß in CAA+ showed more C-terminal and less N-terminally truncations. In FDD, ADan showed spatial co-localization with Aß3pE-40 and Aß3-40 but not with Aßx-42 species. This suggests an increased aggregation propensity of Aß in FDD that promotes co-aggregation of both Aß and ADan. Further, CAA maturity appears to be mainly governed by Aß content based on the significantly higher 500/580 patterns observed in CAA+ than in FDD and FBD, respectively. Together this is the first study of its kind on comprehensive delineation of Bri2 and APP-derived amyloid peptides in single vascular plaques in both FDD/FBD and sporadic CAA that provides new insight in non-AD-related vascular amyloid pathology. Cover Image for this issue: https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.15424.

[Welcoming and caring for homeless people]. / Accueillir les personnes sans abri et en prendre soin.

Dedicated care facilities can accommodate homeless people who are in situations that may lead to neglect due to their social insecurity, psychiatric and/or cognitive disorders. This is the case of the reception and hospital care centre in Nanterre (92), in the Paris suburbs. The professionals there provide a humane welcome to people whose physical condition, health and hygiene are often very poor. Taking care of them is the richness of the experience.

Promoting parent-infant responsiveness in families experiencing homelessness.

My Baby's First Teacher is an intervention designed specifically for parents with infants staying in emergency homeless shelters. Infants are overrepresented in shelter populations and face considerable risk to their development, including mental health. We utilized a randomized controlled design across three family shelters to evaluate the program's effectiveness with 24 dyads assigned to the intervention compared to 21 dyads in care-as-usual. Dyads were randomized by round at each site to account for shelter effects. We used path analysis to illustrate change over time and in relation to intervention assignment.

El Primer Maestro de mi Bebé es una intervención diseñada específicamente para progenitores con infantes que se alojan en refugios de emergencia para personas sin casa. En la población de los refugios, los infantes están sobrerrepresentados y enfrentan un considerable riesgo en cuanto a su desarrollo, incluyendo la salud mental. Utilizamos un diseño de control al azar a través de tres refugios de familias para evaluar la eficacia del programa con 24 díadas asignadas al grupo de intervención que fueron comparadas con 21 díadas bajo el cuidado usual. A las díadas se les colocó al azar por etapas en cada lugar para tener en cuenta los efectos del refugio. Usamos un análisis de trayectoria para ilustrar el cambio a través del tiempo y en relación con la asignación de intervención. Resultados claves: los resultados indicaron mejoras en la observada sensibilidad de progenitor-infante relacionada con la intervención en el lugar, con un control en cuanto a los niveles iniciales de sensibilidad. Los resultados fueron consistentes entre un modelo de intención de tratar y un modelo para probar la participación cierta en la intervención. No encontramos ningún efecto significativo para el estrés de crianza o la ansiedad del progenitor, aunque las tendencias sugirieron más altos puntajes para las familias de la intervención. Implicaciones para la práctica y las políticas: presentamos los resultados considerando retos específicos en contextos de casos sin casa para la salud mental infantil. Este trabajo puede servir de base para los esfuerzos de quienes proveen servicios y encuentran familias que experimentan el estar sin casa, así como también las políticas sobre los recursos para programaciones en albergues de emergencia.

Le Premier Enseignant de Mon Bébé est une intervention conçue spécialement pour les parents dont les bébés restent dans des foyers d'urgence pour sans-abris. Les bébés sont sur-représentés dans les populations de ces foyers et ils font face à un risque considérable pour leur développement, y compris pour ce qui concerne leur santé mentale. Nous avons utilisé un schéma expérimental contrôlé pour 3 trois foyers familiaux afin d'évaluer l'efficacité du programme avec 24 dyades désignées pour l'intervention comparé à 21 dyades dans le groupe de soins habituels. Les dyades ont été randomisées par ronde sur chaque site afin de contrôler les effets du foyer. Nous avons utilisé une analyse causale pour illustrer le changement au fil du temps et en relation au groupe d'intervention. Constatations Clés: Résultats a indiqué des améliorations dans la réaction observée parent-bébé liée à l'intervention en fin d'étude, contrôlant les niveaux initiaux de réaction. Les résultats sont cohérents entre un modèle intention-de-traiter et un modèle testant la véritable participation à l'intervention. Nous n'avons trouvé aucun effet important pour le stress de parentage ou la détresse du parent, bien que des tendances suggèrent des scores plus élevés pour les familles d'intervention. Nous présentons des résultats en considérant les défis uniques aux contextes de la vie des sans-abris pour la santé mentale du nourrisson. Ce travail peut orienter les efforts des prestataires de services qui rencontrent des familles faisant l'expérience d'une vie sans abri ainsi que les lois et pratiques concernant les ressources pour des programmes dans des foyers d'accueil d'urgence.

[One homeless person out of ten suffers from cognitive disorders: What do we know about these impairments? A systematic review of homeless people's cognition]. / Une personne SDF sur 10 souffre de troubles cognitifs : que sait-on de ces troubles ? Une revue de littérature sur la cognition des personnes SDF.

OBJECTIVES: Homelessness is associated with several issues (psychiatric and neurological disorders, neurodevelopmental difficulties, malnutrition…) which are also risk factors for cognitive disorders. However, little is known about the relationship between the cognition of homeless people and these eventual explicative etiologies. The aim of this work is to complete the results of Depp et al. about cognition in homelessness by proposing a systematic review of the neuropsychological disorders of homeless people associated with an analysis of the etiologies likely to explain these disorders. METHODS: We followed the PRISMA recommendations to build up this work. We analyzed the abstracts of 385 papers found on databases PSYCINFO and PubMed. Twenty-two studies have been selected for respecting our criteria (at least one valid neuropsychological test ; general group of homeless people and not a sub-group of this population ; study published in English). The prevalence quality has been evaluated through the criteria of Loney et al. Cognitive scores and etiological factors have been compared between studies. RESULTS: The 22 studies represent only nine countries. More than half of them are considered as having a poor prevalence quality. In total, 4,256 participants have been evaluated. Their mean age was around 40 years, and 85 % of the participants were men. The results show a prevalence of cognitive disorders (MMSE) in 8.77 % of the sample. The mean IQ was 87.47 and the premorbid IQ 94.59. We also notice possible disorders affecting the episodic memory and the executive functions. Mean scores for short-term memory, speech and visuo-spatial functions are relatively low. None of the studies evaluated the praxia, the gnosia or the social cognition. The heterogeneity of studies and the lack of data did not allow us to give general conclusions about the etiology of these disorders. However, we see that around 40 % of the time subjects had histories of brain injuries and 89 % of childhood trauma. Intellectual disability is found in 49 % of the sample of a single study. Also, 70 % of the homeless population have been diagnosed with substance-related disorders and 65 % with psychiatric disorders. It appears that the only factors correlated with cognitive disorders would be the history of brain injuries and childhood traumas. CONCLUSIONS: We confirm that homeless people often suffer from cognitive difficulties, and some of these difficulties (memory, executive functioning) are severe. Yet the etiology of these disorders remain relatively unknown: even if we observe a high prevalence of psychiatric, substance-related, neurodevelopmental and neurological issues by the homeless population, only a few of them (brain injury history and childhood trauma) seem to be correlated with cognition in homelessness. The potential explicative factors have been too rarely explored to bring a powerful explanation of cognitive disorders in homeless people. Further research needs to be done in order to give a more precise neuropsychological profile of the homeless population and to better understand what the disorders are rooted in. Last but not least, all this research and knowledge should be applied more to the care of homeless people by providing neuropsychological assessment and rehabilitation and by training the team to detect cognitive disorders and to support the person with a cognitive disability.

UNDERSTANDING PARENTING STRESS AND CHILDREN'S BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS AMONG HOMELESS, SUBSTANCE-ABUSING MOTHERS.

This article tested a model of parenting stress as a mediator between maternal depressive symptoms, emotion regulation, and child behavior problems using a sample of homeless, substance-abusing mothers. Participants were 119 homeless mothers (ages 18-24 years) and their young children (ages 0-6 years). Mothers responded to questions about their depressive symptoms, emotion regulation, parenting stress, and child behavior problems. A path analysis showed that maternal depressive symptoms were positively associated with child behavior problems through increased parenting stress whereas maternal cognitive reappraisal was negatively associated with child behavior problems through decreased parenting stress. Moreover, maternal expressive suppression was negatively related to child externalizing problems. Findings support the parenting stress theory and highlight maternal parenting stress as a mechanism associated with homeless children's mental health risk. This study has significant implications for understanding the parenting processes underlying child's resilience in the context of homelessness and maternal substance use.

"I'M OPENING MY ARMS RATHER THAN PUSHING AWAY:" PERCEIVED BENEFITS OF A MINDFULNESS-BASED INTERVENTION AMONG HOMELESS WOMEN AND YOUNG CHILDREN.

Family homelessness is associated with adverse outcomes in mothers and their young children. Evidence-based programs are needed to support the socioemotional needs of these families. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the perceived benefits of participating in a mindfulness program in mother-child dyads receiving services at a therapeutic nursery serving homeless children under the age of 3 years. A convenience sample of 17 predominantly African American mothers participated in in-depth qualitative interviews. Four themes were derived from the data regarding the perceived benefits of the mindfulness program: "me" time, maternal self-regulation, dyadic connectedness, and child well-being. Results demonstrate the perceived benefits of mindfulness on the parent-child relationship and have important implications for families at an increased risk of adverse outcomes. Because homelessness and residential instability confer considerable risk for young children, interventions to support effective parenting are critical.

The Familial British Dementia Mutation Promotes Formation of Neurotoxic Cystine Cross-linked Amyloid Bri (ABri) Oligomers.

Familial British dementia (FBD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disease believed to result from a mutation in the BRI2 gene. Post-translational processing of wild type BRI2 and FBD-BRI2 result in the production of a 23-residue long Bri peptide and a 34-amino acid long ABri peptide, respectively, and ABri is found deposited in the brains of individuals with FBD. Similarities in the neuropathology and clinical presentation shared by FBD and Alzheimer disease (AD) have led some to suggest that ABri and the AD-associated amyloid ß-protein (Aß) are molecular equivalents that trigger analogous pathogenic cascades. But the sequences and innate properties of ABri and Aß are quite different, notably ABri contains two cysteine residues that can form disulfide bonds. Thus we sought to determine whether ABri was neurotoxic and if this activity was regulated by oxidation and/or aggregation. Crucially, the type of oxidative cross-linking dramatically influenced both ABri aggregation and toxicity. Cyclization of Bri and ABri resulted in production of biologically inert monomers that showed no propensity to assemble, whereas reduced ABri and reduced Bri aggregated forming thioflavin T-positive amyloid fibrils that lacked significant toxic activity. ABri was more prone to form inter-molecular disulfide bonds than Bri and the formation of covalently stabilized ABri oligomers was associated with toxicity. These results suggest that extension of the C-terminal of Bri causes a shift in the type of disulfide bonds formed and that structures built from covalently cross-linked oligomers can interact with neurons and compromise their function and viability.

Simultaneous Detection of Flavonoids, Phenolic Acids and Alkaloids in Abri Herba and Abri Mollis Herba using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

INTRODUCTION: Abri Herba has remarkable properties, such as cleanup heat detoxification, dampness and activating blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis; as a result, it has been applied to treat acute or chronic hepatitis and mastitis. Abri mollis Herba is often used as Abri Herba. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was applied to compare the similarities and differences of the chemical compositions in the two types of medicinal materials. OBJECTIVE: To establish a high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous analysis of 15 flavonoids, two phenolic acids and three alkaloids in Abri Herba and Abri mollis Herba. METHODOLOGY: The chromatographic separation was performed on a C18 column with a mobile phase of methanol (A), acetonitrile (B) and 0.5‰ acetic acid in water (C) using gradient elution. The detection of the target compounds was performed in multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) mode using a hybrid quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometer equipped with positive/negative ion-switching electrospray ionisation (ESI) source. RESULTS: The developed method is reliable, sensitive and specific. In addition, the method has been successfully applied to differentiate 15 batches of Abri Herba and 27 batches of Abri mollis Herba stems. Furthermore, a comparison of the contents among stems, roots and leaves from the same strain in seven batches of Abri mollis Herba and four batches of Abri Herba has also been performed. CONCLUSION: HPLC-MS/MS method is sensitive and selective and can be suitable for the reliable quality control of Abri mollis Herba and Abri Herba.

The complete plastid genome of Abrus pulchellus subsp. mollis (Leguminosae): a medicinal plant in Southern China.

The subspecies Abrus pulchellus subsp. mollis exhibits pharmacological properties akin to the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Abri Herba (A. pulchellus subsp. cantoniensis (Hance) Verdc.). In this report, we unveil the plastid genome of A. pulchellus subsp. mollis. The genome spans 156,322 base pairs (bp), comprising a large single-copy (LSC) region of 86,633 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,219 bp, and two distinct inverted repeat regions (IRs) of 25,735 bp each. Annotation process cataloged a total of 111 genes within this genome, including 77 protein-coding genes, 30 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and four ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. The overall guanine-cytosine (GC) content of the plastome is 35.5%. Phylogenetic analysis utilizing maximum-likelihood (ML) based on 16 complete plastid genomes reveals a close clustering of three Abrus taxa, namely A. pulchellus subsp. mollis, A. pulchellus subsp. cantoniensis, and A. precatorius. Notably, A. pulchellus subsp. cantoniensis clusters with A. precatorius as a sister group, distinct from A. pulchellus subsp. mollis. These findings highlight significant differences between the plastid genomes of the two subspecies, laying the foundation for future research on the identification of medicinal herbs and germplasm resources related to these subspecies.

A review of the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and toxicology of Abri Herba (Ji-Gu-Cao).

Abri Herba (AH, known as 'Ji-Gu-Cao' in China) has a long-term medicinal history of treating cholecystitis, acute and chronic hepatitis and non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) in China or other Asian countries. This review aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of AH in terms of ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and toxicology. The information involved in the study was collected from a variety of electronic resources, and >100 scientific studies have been used since 1962. Until now, 95 chemical compounds have been isolated and identified from AH and the seeds of Abrus cantoniensis Hance (ACH), including 47 terpenoids, 26 flavonoids and 4 alkaloids. The pharmacological activities of AH extracts and their pure compounds have been explored in the aspects of anti-hyperlipidaemia, hepatoprotection, anti-tumour, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and analgesic, immunomodulation, antioxidant and others. The pharmacokinetics and excretion kinetics of AH in vivo and 15 traditional and clinical prescriptions containing AH have been sorted out, and the potential therapeutic mechanism and drug metabolism pattern were also summarised. The pods of ACH are toxic, with a median lethal dose (LD50) of 10.01 ± 2.90 g/kg (i.g.) in mice. Interestingly, the toxicity of ACH's pods and seeds decreased after boiling. However, the toxicity mechanism of pods of ACH is unclear, limiting its clinical application. Clinical trials in the future should be used to explore its safety. Meanwhile, as one of the relevant pharmacological activities, the effects and mechanism of AH on anti-hyperlipidaemia and hepatoprotection should be further studied, which is of great significance for understanding its mechanism of action in the treatment of NAFL disease and improving its clinical application.

Canadian Health Care Providers' Perspectives on Working with Older Homeless Adults in Outreach Settings.

Service providers have a unique understanding of older homeless adults' challenges and service needs. However, research on the experiences of health care providers (HCPs) who work with this population is limited. We aimed to gain a better understanding of the experiences (roles, challenges, and rewards) of HCPs who work with older homeless adults (age 50 and over) in outreach settings. We conducted individual semi-structured interviews with 10 HCPs who worked in these roles. Four themes emerged: (a) the client-provider relationship as an essential building block to HCPs' work; (b) progression of care that acknowledges the "whole person"; (c) collaboration as integral to providers' work; and (d) the importance of system navigation. Providers found their work personally and professionally fulfilling but were frustrated by system-level challenges. Findings can be used to identify strategies on how to further support providers in their roles and enhance service provision for older homeless individuals.

The Effect of a Decade Implemented Project in Improving the Uptake of Comprehensive Contraception: Difference-In-Difference Analysis.

Background: Promotion and use of family planning in countries with high birth rates have the potential to avert a third of all maternal deaths and nearly a tenth of childhood deaths. To support government efforts in creating wider access to comprehensive contraceptive methods, EngenderHealth has contributed to the government of Ethiopia's long-term goal of improving maternal health outcomes through its Access to Better Reproductive Health Initiative project. Methods: Difference-in-Difference approach is the main methodology in this analysis to estimate the "contribution" or "effect" of the ABRI intervention by comparing the changes in family planning outcomes from 2005 to 2016 between the ABRI and non-ABRI areas. This analysis was based on pooled data from the 2005 and 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys. To track temporal changes in the family planning indicators in the ABRI and non-ABRI areas, we employed simple trend analysis. Results: The results show that overall contraceptive prevalence rate, use of injectables, women's knowledge of Long-Acting Reversible Contraception (LARC) methods, and their exposure to family planning information/messages from health workers all significantly improved in the ABRI intervention areas beyond what occurred in the non-ABRI areas. The greatest increase in the use of modern contraception was among adolescents aged 15-19 years, with a DID estimate of 22.4% (p=0.007), ABRI areas compared to no-ABRI areas. Conclusion: In the ABRI areas, family planning indicators recorded positive and significant changes. EngenderHealth has contributed its part in improving access to the uptake of comprehensive contraception and supporting government programs.

Boredom and meaningful activity in adults experiencing homelessness: A mixed-methods study.

BACKGROUND.: Boredom has been reported as a frequent problem experienced by homeless persons, with implications for mental and social well-being. PURPOSE.: This study aimed to explore the nature and impact of boredom in the lives of homeless and formerly homeless persons. METHOD.: A mixed-methods design was used to engage 13 participants in a structured 92-item quantitative interview using six standardized measures, followed by a semistructured qualitative interview. Correlational analyses were performed with the data compiled from the quantitative interviews, and grounded theory strategies were used to analyze our qualitative data. The two analyses were integrated at the stage of interpretation. FINDINGS.: Boredom was described as a profound and pervasive experience for homeless persons, imposing deleterious impacts on mental well-being and driving substance use. A strong positive correlation between meaningful activity and mental well-being (r s = .767, p <. 01) and a strong negative correlation between boredom and belonging in one's community (r s = -.771, p < .01) were identified. IMPLICATIONS.: Boredom is a critical topic of study for occupational therapy in the area of homelessness. Future research is needed to design and test interventions to optimize the mental well-being, participation, and social connectedness of this population.

"A minha casa é na rua": vivências da população em situação de rua de Novo Hamburgo / "The streets are my home": experiences of the homeless population in Novo Hamburgo / "Mi casa está en la calle": vivencias de la población en situación de calle de Novo Hamburgo / «Ma maison est dans la rue¼: des expériences de la population sans-abri de Novo Hamburgo

Resumo Este estudo objetiva analisar as vivências de pessoas em situação de rua vinculadas ao Centro de Referência Especializado para População em Situação de Rua (Centro POP) da cidade de Novo Hamburgo, no Rio Grande do Sul. A pesquisa realizada com seis participantes é de caráter exploratório-descritivo com abordagem qualitativa. Utilizaram-se um questionário sociodemográfico e uma entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados foram submetidos à análise temática. Em relação às vivências na rua, a violência apareceu como um elemento central. Os participantes relataram diferentes tipos de violência e práticas que retiram a dignidade do sujeito e perpetuam o lugar de exclusão. Ademais, foram atribuídos à rua diferentes sentidos, pois se configura tanto como um local de vulnerabilidade e insegurança quanto um espaço de sobrevivência e construção de vínculos. Evidencia-se, assim, a necessidade de políticas públicas afirmativas que garantam a dignidade e os direitos dessa população, combatendo especialmente as práticas de violência.

Abstract This study aims to analyze the experiences of homeless persons who attend a Specialized Reference Center for the Homeless Population in the municipality of Novo Hamburgo, in Rio Grande do Sul. This exploratory-descriptive qualitative research was carried out with six participants. Sociodemographic questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were used. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Violence was identified as a key element in volunteers' experiences of homelessness. Participants reported different types of violence and actions that violated subjects' dignity and perpetuated exclusion spaces. Moreover, different meanings were attributed to the streets since participants perceived them as both a place of vulnerability and insecurity and as a space for survival and construction of bonds. Thus, we have evinced the need for affirmative public policies that guarantee the dignity and rights of this population, especially to combat violence.

Resumen Este estudio pretende analizar las vivencias de personas en situación de calle vinculadas al Centro de Referencia Especializado para Población en Situación de Calle (Centro POP) de la ciudad de Novo Hamburgo, en Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil). La investigación realizada con seis participantes es exploratoria, descriptiva, de abordaje cualitativo. Se utilizaron un cuestionario sociodemográfico y una entrevista semiestructurada. Los datos se sometieron al análisis temático. Sobre las vivencias en la calle, la violencia fue un elemento central. Los participantes relataron diferentes tipos de violencia y prácticas que quitan la dignidad del sujeto y perpetúan la exclusión. Además, atribuyeron a la calle diferentes sentidos, pues esta se configura tanto como un sitio de vulnerabilidad e inseguridad como un espacio de supervivencia y construcción de vínculos. Se evidencia, así, la necesidad de políticas públicas afirmativas que garanticen la dignidad y los derechos de esa población, especialmente en combate a las prácticas de violencia.

Résumé Cette étude a le but d'analyser les expériences des personnes sans-abri liées au Centre de Référence Spécialisé pour la Population en Sans-Abri (Centro POP) de Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul. Larecherche, réalisé eavec six participants, aun caractère exploratoire-descript if d'approche qualitative. On autilisé un questionnaire socio-démographique etune interview semi-structurée. Les données ont éte soumises à l'analyse thématique. La violence est considérée un élément central des expériences dans la rue. Les participants ont rapporté plusieurs types de violence et pratiques qui enlèvent leur dignité et perpétuent le lieu d'exclusion. Des différents sens sont aussi attribués à la rue, car elle se configure comme un lieu de vulnérabilité et insécurité, ainsi qu'un espace de survie et de construction de liens. Le besoin de politiques publiques affirmatives qui garantissent la dignité et les droits de cette population, en luttant contre les pratiques de violence est aussi relevé.

Diálogos entre gênero e as experiências com a população de rua / Dialogues between gender and experiences with the street population / Diálogos entre género y las experiencias con las personas sin hogar / Dialogues entre les questions de genre et les expériences avec la population sans-abri

Este artigo buscou compreender a relação entre as experiências da população de rua - articuladas com o Movimento Nacional da População de Rua em Santa Catarina (MNPR/SC) - e as questões de gênero. Para tanto, realizamos uma pesquisa qualitativa com base na cartografia, através do acompanhamento das reuniões e ações do Movimento. A análise crítica destas informações aliou-se aos estudos feministas, com ênfase no pensamento de Judith Butler. Os resultados apontam que as discussões de gênero tem se constituído elemento de problematização e configuração de pautas de luta, principalmente frente às demandas das mulheres na rua. Analisamos que a dimensão de gênero atua como uma categoria implicada na produção de relações binárias e corrobora a manutenção de privilégios dos homens sobre as mulheres e a população LGBT+. Ainda, consideramos que a normatividade de gênero produz efeitos nas condições de reconhecimento, (in)visibilidade e apreensão das vidas nas ruas, intensificando sua condição precária.

This article sought to understand the relation between the experiences of the street population - articulated with the Street Population National Movement in Santa Catarina (MNPR/SC) - and gender issues. To this end, we carried out a qualitative and cartography-based research, accompanying the Movement's meetings and actions. The critical analysis of these information was allied with feminist studies, with emphasis on Judith Butler's thoughts. The results indicate that gender discussions have become an element of problematization and setting political fight agendas, especially regarding the demands of homeless women. We analyzed that the gender dimension acts as a category implicated in the production of binary relations and corroborates to the maintenance of male privilege over women and the LGBT+ population. Furthermore, we consider that the gender normativity produces effects on the conditions of recognition, (in)visibility and apprehension of lives on the streets, intensifying their precarious condition.

Este artículo buscó comprender la relación entre las experiencias de personas sin hogar, relacionadas con el Movimiento Nacional de Población sin Hogar en Santa Catarina (MNPR) y las cuestiones de género. Para eso, realizamos una investigación cualitativa basada en la cartografía, a partir de un seguimiento de las reuniones y acciones de este colectivo. El análisis crítico de estas informaciones se alió a los estudios feministas, con énfasis en el pensamiento de Judith Butler. Los resultados apuntan que las discusiones de género se constituyen como elementos de problematización y configuración de pautas de lucha, principalmente frente a las demandas de las mujeres en la calle. Analizamos que la dimensión de género actúa como una categoría implicada en la producción de relaciones binarias y corrobora el mantenimiento de privilegios de los hombres sobre las mujeres y la población LGBT. Además, consideramos que la normatividad de género produce efectos en las condiciones de reconocimiento, (in) visibilidad y aprehensión de las vidas en las calles, intensificando su condición precaria.

Cet article a pour but de comprendre la relation entre les expériences de la population sans-abri - articulées au Mouvement National de la Population sans-abri de Santa Catarina (MNPR / SC) - et les questions de genre. Pour cela, nous avons mené une recherche qualitative basée sur la cartographie, à travers le suivi des rencontres et des actions de ce Mouvement. L'analyse critique de ces informations a été réalisée à partir des études féministes, en mettant l'accent sur les propos de Judith Butler. Les résultats montrent que les discussions sur le genre ont été un élément de problématisation et de configuration des programmes de lutte, en particulier face aux demandes des femmes sans domicile fixe. En effet, notre conclusion montre que la dimension de genre agit comme une catégorie impliquée dans la production de relations binaires et corrobore le maintien des privilèges des hommes sur les femmes et la population LGBT +. En outre, nous considérons que la normativité de genre présente des effets sur les conditions de reconnaissance, de (in)visibilité et d'appréhension des vies de ceux/celles qui appartiennent à cette population, intensifiant leur précarité.

O olhar do agente educador sobre a constituição psíquica de crianças acolhidas / The view of the educating agent on the psychical constitution of hosted children / La mirada del agente educador sobre la constitución psíquica de niños acojidos / Le regard de l'éducateur sur la constitution psychique des enfants accueillis

Este estudo visa compreender, através do olhar de agentes educadores de instituições que acolhem crianças separadas de suas mães, como aquelas se constituem psiquicamente, tendo em vista a relevância da função materna para o desenvolvimento emocional do bebê. A partir da perspectiva dos agentes, refletimos sobre as possibilidades de desenvolvimento que cada criança encontra ao deparar-se privada da convivência com sua família de origem e acolhida em uma instituição. Assim, foram realizadas entrevistas com quatro profissionais que atuam diretamente no cuidado de bebês e crianças pequenas que se encontram em abrigos de Porto Alegre, e analisadas vinhetas de um caso clínico que impulsionou este escrito. A abordagem realizada possibilitou a compreensão de diversos fatores implicados na árdua tarefa do vir a ser enquanto sujeito no âmbito de uma instituição de acolhimento, enfatizando as possibilidades que irrompem quando consideramos um espaço para a escuta clínica. Percebemos, assim, que um vínculo calcado na confiança e na confiabilidade é possível, mas que, geralmente, encontra-se emaranhado por entre as dificuldades inerentes à função.

This study aims to understand, through the view of educating agents from institutions that host children separated from their mothers, as they are psychically constituted, considering the relevance of the maternal function for the emotional development of the baby. From the perspective of the agents, we reflect on the possibilities of development that each child finds when he is deprived of the coexistence with his family of origin and welcomed in an institution. Thus, interviews were conducted with four professionals who work directly in the care of infants and young children who are in shelters in Porto Alegre, and analyzed vignettes of a clinical case that drove this writing. The approach made possible the understanding of several factors involved in the arduous task of becoming a subject within a host institution, emphasizing the possibilities that emerge when we consider a space for clinical listening. We thus perceive that a bond based on trust and reliability is possible, but is usually entangled with the inherent difficulties of function.

Este trabajo tiene el objetivo de comprender, por medio de la mirada de agentes educadores de instituciones que acogen niños separados de sus madres, cómo aquellos se constituyen psíquicamente, teniendo en cuenta la relevancia de la función materna para el desarrollo emocional del bebé. A partir de la perspectiva de los agentes, reflexionamos sobre las posibilidades de desarrollo que cada niño encuentra al estar privado de la convivencia con su familia de origen y acogida en una institución. Fueron, realizadas encuestas con cuatro profesionales que actúan directamente en el cuidado de bebés y niño pequeños que se encuentran en refugios de Porto Alegre, y evaluadas viñetas de un caso clínico que impulsó este escrito. El enfoque realizado posibilitó el entendimiento de muchos factores implicados en la difícil tarea del venir a ser mientras sujeto en el marco de una institución de acogida, con enfoque en las posibilidades que surgen cuando consideramos un espacio para la escucha clínica. Percibimos que es posible un vínculo basado en la fiabilidad, pero que, en general, se encuentra liado entre las dificultades inherentes a la función.

Cette étude vise à comprendre, du point de vue des éducateurs qui travaillent chez des institutions accueillant des enfants séparés de leurs mères, comment les enfants constituent leur psyché si on rend compte de la pertinence de la fonction maternelle pour le développement affectif du bébé. À partir du regard des éducateurs, on réfléchit aux possibilités de développement que les enfants font face quand ils sont privés de cohabiter avec leurs familles d'origine et sont accueillis dans une institution. Ainsi, des entretiens ont été menés avec quatre professionnels qui travaillent directement dans les soins des bébés et des jeunes enfants accueillis dans un abri à Porto Alegre. On a aussi analysé des vignettes cliniques d'un cas clinique qui a donné l'origine à cet écrit. L'approche effectuée a permis la compréhension des plusieurs facteurs impliqués dans la difficile tâche d'être un Sujet dans un abri, en mettant en relief les possibilités qui éclatent quand on considère un espace pour l'écoute clinique. On a pu apercevoir, donc, qu'un lien fondé sur la confiance et sur la fiabilité est possible, mais, généralement on trouve des difficultés inhérentes à la fonction.

Pesquisa-intervenção, políticas públicas e movimentos sociais: uma experiência junto à população em situação de rua / Intervention research, public policies and social movements: an experience with the homeless population / Investigación-intervención, políticas públicas y movimientos sociales: una experiencia junto a personas sin hogar / Recherche intervention, politiques publiques et mouvements sociaux: une expérience avec la population sans abri

Este artigo apresenta uma experiência de pesquisa-intervenção que teve como objetivos conhecer a população adulta em situação de rua; mapear e conhecer o funcionamento das políticas públicas para esta população; identificar as violações de direitos humanos e conhecer o cotidiano destas pessoas. Com base nos marcos teórico-metodológicos da Análise Institucional e da Cartografia, o trabalho de campo considerou diferentes estratégias metodológicas em cenários institucionais e na cidade, que geraram dados sobre as principais dificuldades vividas, itinerários institucionais e estratégias desenvolvidas por estas pessoas em várias políticas públicas, identificando e colocando em análise as linhas duras (instituído) e as linhas flexíveis (instituinte) nas relações com o Estado. A pesquisa-intervenção promoveu visibilidade às principais questões vividas por este segmento vulnerável, bem como fomentou sua organização política e empoderamento, com vistas à garantia de direitos.

This article presents a research-intervention experience that had as objectives to know the adult population in homeless situation; map and know the operation of public policies for this population; to identify the violations of human rights and to know the daily life of these people. Based on the theoreticalmethodological frameworks, Institutional Analysis and Cartography, the field work considered different methodological strategies in institutional settings and in the city that generated data about the main difficulties, institutional itineraries and strategies developed by these people in the various public policies, identifying and analyzing the hard lines (instituted) and flexible lines (institute) in relations with the State. The intervention research promoted visibility of the main issues faced by this vulnerable segment, as well as fostered its political organization and empowerment with a view to guaranteeing rights.

Este artículo presenta una experiéncia de investigaciónintervención que intentó conocer la población adulta en situación de calle; mapear y conocer el funcionamiento de las políticas públicas para esta población; identificar las violaciones de derechos humanos y conocer el cotidiano de estas personas. Con base en los marcos teórico-metodológicos del Análisis Institucional y Cartografía, el trabajo de campo consideró diferentes estrategias metodológicas en escenarios institucionales y en la ciudad que generaron dados sobre las principales dificultades, itinerarios institucionales y estrategias desarrolladas por estas personas en varias políticas públicas, identificando y poniendo en análisis las líneas duras (instituido) y las líneas flexibles (instituyente) en las relaciones con el Estado. La investigaciónintervención promovió visibilidad las principales cuestiones vividas por este segmento vulnerable, así como fomentó su organización política y empoderamiento con miras a garantía de derechos.

Cet article présente une expérience de recherche-intervention visant à connaître la population adulte sans abri, à cartographier et à connaître le fonctionnement des politiques publiques en faveur de cette population. Elle vise également à découvrir les violations des droits de l'homme et à connaître la vie quotidienne de ces personnes. Basé sur les cadres théoriques et méthodologiques de l'analyse institutionnelle et de la cartographie, le travail empirique a examiné différentes stratégies méthodologiques dans les contextes institutionnels et dans la ville. Ceux-ci ont généré des données sur les principales difficultés rencontrées, les itinéraires institutionnels et les stratégies développées par ces personnes dans différentes politiques publiques, en identifiant et en analysant les lignes rigides (instituées) et flexibles (institut) dans les relations avec l'État. La recherche-intervention a favorisé la visibilité des principaux problèmes rencontrés par ce segment vulnérable, ainsi que son organisation politique et son autonomisation en vue de garantir des droits.

Reflexões acerca da experiência de observação de um bebê abrigado / Reflections on the observation experience of a sheltered baby / Reflexiones sobre la experiencia de observación de un bebé ubicado / Réflexions sur l'expérience de l'observation d'un bébé blotti

A presente pesquisa apresenta, como proposta principal, pensar a questão do desenvolvimento emocional de um bebê abrigado a partir da experiência de observação direta, com adaptação para o contexto de abrigo, do método de observação da relação mãe-bebê proposto originalmente por Esther Bick. Dessa maneira, teve-se acesso ao mundo de Miguel, um bebê que aos cinco dias de vida foi admitido em um abrigo público por motivo de abandono. Foram feitas observações semanais com duração de uma hora durante os quatro primeiros meses de vida do referido bebê e, para subsidiar as discussões propostas no presente estudo, foram selecionadas as observações relativas aos dois primeiros meses de vida de Miguel. Tendo como base o referencial teórico psicanalítico, discute-se o desenvolvimento emocional nos primórdios da vida de um bebê privado do convívio parental, com ênfase nas discussões sobre as relações objetais e pele emocional. Destaca-se o método com o qual se teve acesso a esses conteúdos. Ao final desta jornada, através do recurso metodológico utilizado, revelou-se um bebê cujos cuidados recebidos estiveram permeados pela carência de afeto, cuidados estes, na maioria das vezes, incoerentes com as reais necessidades de Miguel, o qual, ao contrário, estava totalmente disponível ao contato e aos poucos desenvolveu recursos próprios para atingir e ter um mínimo de retorno e de interação com o outro.

This research has as main purpose to reflect on the issue of emotional development of a sheltered baby through the experience of direct observation, with adaptation to the context of shelter, of the method of observation of mother-infant relationship, originally proposed by Esther Bick. Thus, the world of Miguel was accessed, a baby five days old who was admitted into a public shelter due to abandonment. Observations were made weekly, lasting one hour, during the first four months of his life. However, in order to support the discussions proposed in this study were selected the observations of the first two months of Miguel's life. Based on the psychoanalytic theory, this study emphasizes the discussion of the emotional development in early life of a child deprived of parental care, with emphasis on objectal relations and emotional skin. We highlight the method used to access these contents. At the end of this journey, through the methodological resource used, Miguel showed to be a baby whose care received was pervaded by the lack of affection. This kind of care, in most cases, were inconsistent with the real needs of Miguel, who, however, was fully available to the contact and gradually developed his own resources to achieve and take a minimum interaction with others.

Esta investigación tiene como propósito principal para pensar en el desarrollo emocional de un niño acurrucado de experiencia de observación directa, con la adaptación al contexto del refugio, del método de observación de la relación madre-recién nacido originalmente propuesto por Esther Bick. De esta manera, acceder al mundo de Miguel, un bebé que a cinco días de edad, fue admitido en un refugio público por motivos de abandono. Se realizaron observaciones semanales con una duración de una hora durante los primeros cuatro meses de vida del bebé y subvencionar los debates propuestos en este estudio fueron seleccionadas las observaciones relativas a los primeros dos meses de la vida de Miguel. Basado en el psicoanálisis teórico referencial, aborda la discusión sobre el desarrollo emocional en los primeros días de la vida de un niño privado de interacción parental, con énfasis en las discusiones sobre las relaciones objetais, piel emocional, así como destacar el método con el cual tenía acceso a dicho contenido. Al final de este viaje, a través de recurso metodológico utilizado, resultó para ser un bebé cuya atención médica recibida fueron atravesadas por la falta de afecto, cuidado, esto más a menudo, incompatible con las necesidades reales de Miguel, que, en cambio, fue completamente disponibles para contactar y desarrolló gradualmente sus propios recursos para alcanzar y obtener a cambio un mínimo de interacción con los demás.

Cette recherche a comme objectif principal de réfléchir sur le développement affectif d'un bébé niché de l'expérience de l'observation directe, avec adaptation au contexte de l'abri, de la méthode d'observation de la relation mère-enfant, initialement proposée par Esther Bick. De cette façon, l'accès à l'univers de Miguel, un bébé qui, à l'âge de cinq jours, a été admis dans un abri public au motif de l'abandon. Ont effectué des observations hebdomadaires d'une durée d'une heure au cours des quatre premiers mois de la vie du bébé et pour subventionner les discussions proposées dans cette étude ont été sélectionnés les observations concernant les deux premiers mois de la vie de Miguel. Basé sur la psychanalyse théorique référentielle, traite de la discussion sur le développement émotionnel dans les premiers jours de la vie d'un enfant privé de l'interaction parentale, en mettant l'accent dans les discussions sur les relations objetais, peau émotionnelle, ainsi que mise en évidence de la méthode avec laquelle vous aviez accès à un tel contenu. À la fin de ce voyage, par le biais de ressources méthodologiques utilisés, s'est avéré être un bébé dont les soins reçus ont été imprégné par le manque d'affection, soins, ceux-ci le plus souvent, incompatible avec les besoins réels de Miguel, qui, en revanche, a été totalement disponibles pour les contacter et graduellement développé ses propres ressources pour atteindre et obtenir en retour un minimum d'interaction entre eux.