RESUMO
The current manuscript presents the convergence of the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology (DAPP-BQ), using its short form the DAPP-90, and the Five-Factor Personality Inventory for International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), the FFiCD, in the context of the five-factor personality model and the categorical approach of personality disorders (PDs). The current manuscript compares the predictive validity of both the FFiCD and the DAPP-90 regarding personality disorder scales and clusters. Results demonstrate a very high and meaningful convergence between the DAPP-90 and the FFiCD personality pathology models and a strong alignment with the FFM. The DAPP-90 and the FFiCD also present an almost identical predictive power of PDs. The DAPP-90 accounts for between 18% and 47%, and the FFiCD between 21% and 47% of PDs adjusted variance. It is concluded that both DAPP-90 and FFiCD questionnaires measure strongly similar pathological personality traits that could be described within the frame of the FFM. Additionally, both questionnaires predict a very similar percentage of the variance of personality disorders.
Assuntos
Classificação Internacional de Doenças , Transtornos da Personalidade , Inventário de Personalidade , Humanos , Transtornos da Personalidade/diagnóstico , Transtornos da Personalidade/classificação , Inventário de Personalidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Inventário de Personalidade/normas , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Psicometria , Modelos Psicológicos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Inquéritos e Questionários , Determinação da Personalidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Determinação da Personalidade/normas , Personalidade , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica/normasRESUMO
PURPOSE: This study investigated the associations of personality traits and preoperative lifestyle improvements with early weight loss after sleeve gastrectomy. METHODS: This was a single-center, retrospective study of 57 patients who underwent preoperative lifestyle intervention with a multidisciplinary team approach based on cognitive behavioral therapy before sleeve gastrectomy. All patients underwent preoperative psychological testing with the Neuroticism-Extraversion-Openness Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) and the Tokyo University Egogram New Version II (TEG II). We investigated the associations of psychological testing results and lifestyle improvements with percent total weight loss (%TWL) one year after surgery. RESULTS: The median %TWL at 1 year was 38.2% for patients with an improved lifestyle and 26.9% for those without improvement (P = 0.0008). Although TEG II factors were not associated with %TWL at 1 year, higher NEO-FFI extraversion (E) scores were significantly associated with a better %TWL at 1 year. The median %TWL at 1 year was 35.2% for patients with higher E scores and 25.4% for those with lower E scores (P = 0.0247). Lifestyle improvement and the NEO-FFI E score significantly influenced %TWL at 1 year based on a logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSION: The NEO-FFI E score and preoperative lifestyle improvement may be predictors of early weight loss after sleeve gastrectomy.
Assuntos
Laparoscopia , Obesidade Mórbida , Humanos , Obesidade Mórbida/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Estilo de Vida , Gastrectomia/métodos , Redução de Peso , Laparoscopia/métodos , PersonalidadeRESUMO
Drug addiction is a chronic biochemical drug use disorder that affects the human brain and behavior and leads to the uncontrolled use of legal or illicit drugs. It has been shown that three factors are involved in the development of addiction: genetic factors, a diverse environment, and the effect of medication on gene expression. The comprehensive approach and holistic analysis of the problem are due to the multigenic and multifactorial nature of addiction. Dopamine, one of the major neurotransmitters in the brain, is believed to be the "culprit" that leads to a drug abuse-induced "high". That is why, in our research, we focused mainly on the genes related to dopaminergic reuptake. In the present study, we chose methylation of the DAT1 dopamine transporter gene based on molecular reasons related to the dopaminergic theory of addiction. This study included two groups: 226 stimulant-dependent and 290 non-stimulant-dependent subjects. The analysis consisted of a case-control comparison of people addicted to psychostimulants compared to a control group of healthy and non-addicted people. There were differences in the levels of statistical significance between the groups. Our research shows lower methylation of islands 1, 9, and 14 in addicted people and greater methylation of islands 32 and 33. The difference in individual CpG methylation islands of the gene under study provides valuable information about the DNA methylation process in patients addicted to psychostimulants. Pearson's linear correlation analysis in stimulant dependence showed a negative correlation between total methylation island levels and the NEO-FFI Neuroticism scale. In subjects with neuroticism, the methylation level was statistically significantly lower. Pearson's linear correlation analysis of stimulant-dependent subjects showed a positive correlation between total methylation island levels and the NEO-FFI Openness scale and the NEO-FFI Conscientiousness scale.
Assuntos
Estimulantes do Sistema Nervoso Central , Drogas Ilícitas , Humanos , Proteínas da Membrana Plasmática de Transporte de Dopamina/genética , Metilação de DNA , Dopamina , Personalidade/genéticaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: This longitudinal within subject controlled randomized observational investigation studied the impacts of three-sided sonic-powered toothbrush versus conventional manual toothbrush on oral health- and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and assessed the relationship between personality factors and OHRQoL. METHODS: A total of 96 participants (48 females and 48 males; mean age = 22.61 years, SD = 1.21) were recruited into this investigation and were randomly allocated into two groups. The participants were instructed to control oral hygiene for 1 month using either a three-sided sonic brush (Triple Bristle, Dayton, Tennessee, USA) (sonic group) or a conventional manual toothbrush (manual group). Dental plaque was assessed via Turesky-Modified Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (TMQHPI). Bleeding on probing (BOP) was recorded as 1 if present and zero if absent. The NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) and Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) were used to assess personality factors and OHRQoL, respectively. TMQHPI, BOP and OHIP were assessed at study baseline and 1 month later. RESULTS: The TMQHPI, BOP and OHIP-14 scores were reduced after 1 month in both groups (p < 0.05), and were more reduced among the three-sided sonic brush users (p > 0.05). Higher neuroticism scores were associated with worse OHRQoL (p < 0.05) in both groups after 1 month. CONCLUSIONS: The three-sided sonic-powered toothbrush was associated with superior oral health and OHRQoL in comparison with the conventional manual toothbrush. Utilizing three-sided sonic toothbrush, less plaque deposits and lower neuroticism scores contributed towards and predicted better OHRQoL after 1 month of oral hygiene maintenance.
Assuntos
Placa Dentária , Gengivite , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Saúde Bucal , Qualidade de Vida , Placa Dentária/prevenção & controle , Método Simples-Cego , Escovação Dentária , Índice de Placa Dentária , Desenho de Equipamento , PersonalidadeRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: People with personality disorders (PDs) have an elevated suicide risk. However, correlates of suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide attempts (SA) remain largely unknown in this population. A growing body of literature highlights the contribution of the Big Five personality traits in suicide-outcomes. Therefore, the present study investigates the association between the Big Five personality traits and SI and SA in people with PDs while applying the ideation-to-action framework. METHOD: Data were obtained from 105 treatment-seeking individuals diagnosed with PDs participating in the Trauma tO Personality Spectrum Study (TOPSS). Multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the association between the NEO Five-Factor Inventory and the three category suicide-outcome: non-suicidal, SI, and SA. RESULTS: After controlling for age, gender, a comorbid depressive disorder, the severity of borderline manifestations, and other personality traits from the Big Five taxonomy, significantly lower levels of extraversion were observed in participants with SI compared to non-suicidal participants (OR = 0.27, 95% CI 0.10-0.72) but not in SA participants. In contrast, higher levels of extraversion were associated with SA when compared to SI (OR = 3.52, 95% CI 1.33-9.32). Other Big Five traits were not independently associated with suicide-outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Of the Big Five traits, the introversion-extraversion dimension most clearly distinguishes individuals with SI from non-suicidal individuals, as well as those with a SA in the past from those with SI only. Prospective studies are required to investigate if this personality trait can predict the progression from being non-suicidal to having SI and from having SI to performing an attempt.
Assuntos
Ideação Suicida , Tentativa de Suicídio , Humanos , Personalidade , Transtornos da Personalidade/diagnóstico , Transtornos da Personalidade/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
The purpose of this study was a cross-cultural examination of centenarians' personality through a person-centered approach to examine if there is a "resilient" personality profile consistent across cultures. Proxy reports information was obtained from family and close friends of 239 U.S. centenarians from the Georgia Centenarians Study and 272 Japanese centenarians from the Tokyo Centenarian Study. Latent profile analyses were conducted to identify personality profiles in centenarians from the United States and Japan. Two personality profiles were identified in both samples: a "resilient" personality profile and "nonresilient" personality profile. The "resilient" group had higher levels of positive personality traits with higher scores on agreeableness and extraversion and lower scores on neuroticism, conscientiousness, and openness. The "nonresilient" group had higher scores on neuroticism and lower scores on extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Fifty percent of U.S. centenarians and 65% of Japanese centenarians were in the "resilient" group.
Assuntos
Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais/psicologia , Comparação Transcultural , Personalidade , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais/estatística & dados numéricos , Extroversão Psicológica , Feminino , Humanos , Japão , Masculino , Neuroticismo , Otimismo , Resiliência Psicológica , Estados UnidosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Perception is defined as the ability to distinguish through the senses. All perception is dependent on factors such as personality, previously lived experiences and cultural elements. When planning an aesthetic treatment, consider the way the patients perceive the changes and outcomes is essential for reaching their expectations. The objective of this study was to assess if there was predominance of a personality trait of patient undergoing dental bleaching and if this treatment could promote changes in this traits, in the psychosocial impact and quality of life of these individuals. METHODS: The assessment of personality characteristics, quality of life, psychosocial and self-perception was a cross-sectional observational study and it was carried out by applying questionnaires to 55 patients that were submitted to a clinical phase. The psychometric instruments used were NEO FFI-R (personality), PIDAQ (psychosocial effect) and WHOQOL-BREF (quality of life). Each test domain was prior and after bleaching by Wilcoxon Signed Rank test (α = 0.05). The internal consistencies of each scale were evaluated by Cronbach's alpha. RESULTS: No statistical significant differences among personality traits means were observed among participants but there was predominance of two predominant personality traits in this study: conscientiousness (45.5%) and extraversion (34.5%). In four test domains of the PIDAQ, significant differences were observed before and after dental bleaching. The overall perception of the PIDAQ was also statistically significant demonstrating an improvement. There were no differences on overall or specific domains scores of the WHOQOL before and after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Subjects who underwent dental treatment improved their self-confidence and reduced concerns about dental aesthetics, social and personality impact of dental alterations. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study was conducted in parallel to a clinical investigation that aimed to evaluate tooth sensitivity related to dental bleaching technique and registered in REBEC clinical registry under protocol RBR-6pt2n3 in 13 November 2013.
Assuntos
Estética Dentária , Qualidade de Vida , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Personalidade , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Personality is a central high-level psychological concept that defines individual human beings and has been associated with a variety of real-world outcomes (e.g., mental health and academic performance). Using 2â¯h, high resolution, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) resting state data of 984 (primary dataset Nâ¯=â¯801, hold-out dataset Nâ¯=â¯183) participants from the Human Connectome Project (HCP), we investigated the relationship between personality (five-factor model, FFM) and intrinsic whole-brain functional connectome. We found a pattern of functional brain connectivity ("global personality network") related to personality traits. Consistent with the heritability of personality traits, the connectivity strength of this global personality network is also heritable (more similar between monozygotic twin pairs compared to the dizygotic twin pairs). Validated by both the repeated family-based 10-fold cross-validation and hold-out dataset, our intersubject network similarity analysis allowed us to identify participants' pairs with similar personality profiles. Across all the identified pairs of participants, we found a positive correlation between the network similarity and personality similarity, supporting our "similar brain, similar personality" hypothesis. Furthermore, the global personality network can be used to predict the individual subject's responses in the personality questionnaire on an item level. In sum, based on individual brain connectivity pattern, we could predict different facets of personality, and this prediction is not based on localized regions, but rather relies on the individual connectivity pattern in large-scale brain networks.
Assuntos
Encéfalo/fisiologia , Conectoma/métodos , Rede Nervosa/fisiologia , Personalidade/fisiologia , Adulto , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Família , Feminino , Humanos , Padrões de Herança , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Rede Nervosa/diagnóstico por imagem , Gêmeos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Reports of changes in patients' social behavior during deep brain stimulation (DBS) raised the question whether DBS induces changes in personality. This study explored if (1) DBS is associated with changes in personality in patients suffering from treatment-resistant depression (TRD), (2) how personality dimensions and depression are associated, and (3) if TRD patients' self-ratings of personality are valid. METHODS: TRD patients were assessed before DBS (n = 30), 6 months (t2, n = 21), 2 (t3, n = 17) and 5 years (t4, n = 11) after the initiation of DBS of the supero-lateral branch of the medial forebrain bundle (slMFB-DBS). Personality was measured with the NEO-Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), depression severity with Hamilton (HDRS), and Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). RESULTS: Personality dimensions did not change with slMFB-DBS compared with baseline. Extraversion was negatively correlated with HDRS28 (r = -0.48, p < 0.05) and MADRS (r = -0.45, p < 0.05) at t2. Inter-rater reliability was high for the NEO-FFI at baseline (Cronbach's α = 0.74) and at t4 (α = 0.65). Extraversion [t(29) = -5.20; p < 0.001] and openness to experience [t(29) = -6.96; p < 0.001] differed statistically significant from the normative sample, and did not predict the antidepressant response. CONCLUSIONS: slMFB-DBS was not associated with a change in personality. The severity of depression was associated with extraversion. Personality of TRD patients differed from the healthy population and did not change with response, indicating a possible scar effect. Self-ratings of personality seem valid to assess personality during TRD.
Assuntos
Estimulação Encefálica Profunda/efeitos adversos , Transtorno Depressivo Resistente a Tratamento/fisiopatologia , Transtorno Depressivo Resistente a Tratamento/terapia , Feixe Prosencefálico Mediano/fisiopatologia , Personalidade/fisiologia , Adulto , Extroversão Psicológica , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Autoavaliação (Psicologia) , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
Previous studies have shown that males and females differ in personality and gender differences have also been reported in brain structure. However, effects of gender on this "personality-brain" relationship are yet unknown. We therefore investigated if the neural correlates of personality differ between males and females. Whole brain voxel-based morphometry was used to investigate the influence of gender on associations between NEO FFI personality traits and gray matter volume (GMV) in a matched sample of 182 males and 182 females. In order to assess associations independent of and dependent on gender, personality-GMV relationships were tested across the entire sample and separately for males and females. There were no significant correlations between any personality scale and GMV in the analyses across the entire sample. In contrast, significant associations with GMV were detected for neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness only in males. Interestingly, GMV in left precuneus/parieto-occipital sulcus correlated with all 3 traits. Thus, our results indicate that brain structure-personality relationships are highly dependent on gender, which might be attributable to hormonal interplays or differences in brain organization between males and females. Our results thus provide possible neural substrates of personality-behavior relationships and underline the important role of gender in these associations.
Assuntos
Mapeamento Encefálico , Encéfalo/anatomia & histologia , Encéfalo/fisiologia , Personalidade , Caracteres Sexuais , Adulto , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Personalidade/genética , Estatística como Assunto , Inquéritos e Questionários , Gêmeos Dizigóticos , Gêmeos Monozigóticos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Several studies have demonstrated a correlation between specific personal traits and empathy. However, it is not clear if persons with certain personality traits lack the intent to show empathic behavior or if other factors independent of their intent are affecting their empathic behavior. To answer this question, we asked 132 medical students to fill out questionnaires evaluating the General Intention to Show Empathic Behavior (GISEB) and the five personality traits measured by NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Additionally, we evaluated the influence of other factors, such as age, gender, curricular progress (second versus fourth year), and preferred specialization after graduation. We performed a Pearson's correlation and a regression analysis. Results indicate that the five personality traits and gender have little influence on the General Intention (GISEB), only extraversion (r = .221, 95% CI [.013-.394], p = .027), and agreeableness (r = .229, 95% CI [.021-.428], p = .022) correlated with the intention. The only predictor for General Intention (GISEB) was curricular progress (ß = - .27, p < .05), showing a decrease of General Intention to Show Empathic Behavior from second to fourth year of university (U = 1203.5, p = .002). A further finding indicates that gender and personality influence the students' wish of specialization after graduation: Agreeableness (F(12, 53) = 2.376, p = .016) impacted the preferred specialization. Our study demonstrated that medical students' personality might not notably impact the intention to show empathic behavior. Further research is needed to investigate moderating effects.
Assuntos
Sintomas Comportamentais , Escolha da Profissão , Empatia , Personalidade , Relações Médico-Paciente , Estudantes de Medicina/psicologia , Adulto , Sintomas Comportamentais/diagnóstico , Sintomas Comportamentais/psicologia , Feminino , Características Humanas , Humanos , Intenção , Masculino , Determinação da Personalidade , Fatores Sexuais , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: It is well recognized that an individual's personality characteristics influence their psychological adjustment after stroke. However, there is a lack of research on the reliability of personality inventories for stroke. This study primarily aimed to evaluate the reliability of the Neuroticism, Extroversion, Openness to Experience (NEO)-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) for assessing pre-morbid personality and personality changes after stroke. Further aims were to investigate changes in personality during the hospital-to-home transition period and examine associations between personality and mood. METHODS: Forty participants with stroke (52.5% male, M age=65.55 years) were recruited at time of hospital discharge and completed the NEO-FFI, Centre for Epidemiologic Studies - Depression and Geriatric Anxiety Inventory. Significant others completed an informant version of the NEO-FFI. Stroke participants were re-assessed on the NEO-FFI at 1-month and 4-months post-discharge. Forty matched controls also completed the NEO-FFI. RESULTS: Internal consistency was adequate for the NEO-FFI (α=0.57-0.86), although low for agreeableness. There was fair to excellent concordance between self-rated and informant versions of the NEO-FFI (ICC=0.58-0.78). Significant positive associations were found between neuroticism and mood (r=0.50-0.68), and significant negative associations were found between extraversion and mood (r=-0.33-0.36) and agreeableness and anxiety (r=-0.43). Self-ratings of stroke participants on the NEO-FFI at discharge did not significantly differ from matched controls. Extraversion levels significantly decreased, and agreeableness levels significantly increased between discharge and 1- and 4-months post-discharge. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the results support the reliability of the NEO-FFI for assessing personality characteristics in the context of stroke.
Assuntos
Ansiedade/psicologia , Depressão/psicologia , Inventário de Personalidade , Personalidade , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/psicologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Austrália , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Medição de Risco , AutorrelatoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The purpose was to administer the NEO-FFI personality test to patients who did and did not want to have their teeth bleached and before and after bleaching to the participants who accepted the treatment. The research question is to correlate styles and personality factors with bleaching. MATERIALS AND METHODS: There were 128 patients eligible for bleaching; 58 accepted (AB) while 70 refused (RB). The test was administered to both groups (AB-RB). The group AB was administered before and 1 week after the end of the bleaching. For each personality domain comparison, the Mann-Whitney test was used. For the group AB, the results for each domain before and after bleaching were compared using the Wilcoxon test. RESULTS: There was a significant difference between the groups (AB-RB) in the extraversion factor (p = 0.01). There was no significant difference between any of the personality items before and after bleaching (p > 0.1). The comparison between groups by sex revealed significant differences in extraversion and neuroticism factors. Males who AB scored higher in extraversion than males who RB (p < 0.05). Females scored higher in neuroticism than males who AB (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There were personality differences between people who decided to bleach compared with those who did not want the bleaching, which was mainly in the extroversion factor. This stereotypes the patients, who could be described as more sociable, extroverted, and concerned about esthetics and cleanliness. The bleaching protocol, however, cannot modify any of the personality factors. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: It is important to understand a patient's behavior to meet their needs and to determine the type of patients who would like to have their teeth bleached.
Assuntos
Comportamento de Escolha , Personalidade , Clareamento Dental/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inventário de PersonalidadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Resilience is the capacity of individuals to resist mental disorders despite exposure to stress. Little is known about its neural underpinnings. The putative variation of white-matter microstructure with resilience in adolescence, a critical period for brain maturation and onset of high-prevalence mental disorders, has not been assessed by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Lower fractional anisotropy (FA) though, has been reported in the corpus callosum (CC), the brain's largest white-matter structure, in psychiatric and stress-related conditions. We hypothesized that higher FA in the CC would characterize stress-resilient adolescents. METHOD: Three groups of adolescents recruited from the community were compared: resilient with low risk of mental disorder despite high exposure to lifetime stress (n = 55), at-risk of mental disorder exposed to the same level of stress (n = 68), and controls (n = 123). Personality was assessed by the NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Voxelwise statistics of DTI values in CC were obtained using tract-based spatial statistics. Regional projections were identified by probabilistic tractography. RESULTS: Higher FA values were detected in the anterior CC of resilient compared to both non-resilient and control adolescents. FA values varied according to resilience capacity. Seed regional changes in anterior CC projected onto anterior cingulate and frontal cortex. Neuroticism and three other NEO-FFI factor scores differentiated non-resilient participants from the other two groups. CONCLUSION: High FA was detected in resilient adolescents in an anterior CC region projecting to frontal areas subserving cognitive resources. Psychiatric risk was associated with personality characteristics. Resilience in adolescence may be related to white-matter microstructure.
Assuntos
Corpo Caloso/ultraestrutura , Imagem de Tensor de Difusão , Resiliência Psicológica , Estresse Psicológico , Substância Branca/ultraestrutura , Adolescente , Anisotropia , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Determinação da PersonalidadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: RAS may affect quality of life and impacts oral health and daily activities; consequently, psychological factors, dental needs and patients' perceptions. Professionals should understand this relation to adequately manage oral ulcers. This study aimed at investigating the relationship between oral health impacts, oral health-related quality of life and psychological profiles in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). METHODS: Fifty-three patients (30 men and 23 women, mean age: 31.1 ± 10.1 years) with RAS participated in this study. During ulcer episodes, participants completed Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD), Neuroticism-Extraversion-Openness Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) and United Kingdom Oral Health-Related Quality of Life measure (OHQoL-UK) proformas. Patients completed OHIP-14 and OHQoL-UK again when they were ulcer-free. The statistically significance levels were set at P ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: During ulcer episodes, patients reported worse oral health impacts and an inferior quality of life in comparison with ulcer-free times (P < 0.0001). Higher OHIP scores were significantly associated with higher HAD depression (P = 0.036) and anxiety (P = 0.012) scores. NEO-FFI scores had no significant relations with OHIP and OHQoL-UK scores (P > 0.05). During ulcer-free periods, no relationships were detected between OHIP, OHQoL-UK, HAD and NEO-FFI scores (P > 0.05), except between OHQoL-UK and conscientiousness scores (P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: RAS increased the negative oral health impacts on patients and consequently lowered their quality of life. Stressful situations and conditions (including anxiety and depression), rather than inherent personality profiles and stable psychological traits, were related to oral health impacts and quality of life in patients with RAS.
Assuntos
Estomatite Aftosa/fisiopatologia , Estomatite Aftosa/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Ansiedade/etiologia , Depressão/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Saúde Bucal , Inventário de Personalidade , Qualidade de Vida , Estresse Psicológico/etiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Whether personality characteristics have an impact on treatment outcome is an important question in psychotherapy research. One of the most common approaches for the description of personality is the five-factor model of personality. Only few studies investigated whether patient personality as measured with the NEO-Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI, Costa & McCrae [1992b]. Revised NEO-PI-R and NEO-FFI. Professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Recources) predicts outcome. Results were inconsistent. Studies reporting personality to be predictive of outcome did not control for baseline symptoms, while studies controlling initial symptoms could not support these findings. We hypothesized that after taking into account baseline symptoms, the NEO-FFI would not predict outcome and tested this in a large sample of inpatients at a psychosomatic clinic. DESIGN: Naturalistic, non-controlled study using patients' data for multiple regression analysis to identify predictors of outcome. METHODS: Data of 254 inpatients suffering primarily from depressive, anxiety, stress, and somatoform disorders were analysed. Personality was assessed at the beginning of therapy. For psychotherapy outcome, changes in anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HADS), overall psychopathology (Symptom Checklist-90-R Global Severity Index [GSI]), and interpersonal problems (Inventory of Interpersonal Problems; IIP) were measured. RESULTS: The treatment resulted in significant decreases on all outcome measures corresponding to moderate to large effect sizes (HADS: d = 1.03; GSI: d = 0.90; IIP: d = 0.38). Consistent with our hypothesis, none of the personality domains predicted outcome when baseline symptoms were controlled for. CONCLUSIONS: Personality assessment at baseline does not seem to have an added value in the prediction of inpatient psychotherapy outcome beyond initial symptoms. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Clinical implications Personality dimensions overlap with symptomatic distress. Rather than serve as predictors of outcome, the domains tapped by the NEO-FFI reflect current psychological symptomatology in inpatients with depressive, anxiety, stress or somatoform disorders. From a clinician's point of view monitoring individual progress by using actuarial measures is more valuable than trying to predict who will benefit from treatment using personality assessments. Limitations of the study Diagnostic assessment was solely based on clinical evaluation rather than structured interviews. Twenty-five per cent of the original sample had to be excluded due to missing data. There was a focus on only one set of client characteristics (i.e., five-factor model personality traits). Assessment of personality domains in the acute phase of a mental disorder may be problematic and could have influenced findings.
Assuntos
Transtornos da Personalidade/diagnóstico , Personalidade , Transtornos Psicofisiológicos/terapia , Psicoterapia/métodos , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Pacientes Internados , Masculino , Transtornos Mentais , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Determinação da Personalidade , Transtornos da Personalidade/psicologia , Inventário de Personalidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica/estatística & dados numéricos , Transtornos Psicofisiológicos/psicologia , Análise de Regressão , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
AIMS: To describe the quality and scope of patients' participation in the handover process, in relation to their personal attributes (the big-5 model of personality) and the handover encounter's characteristics (presence of the head nurse, escorts, ward overload-namely nurse-patient ratio). BACKGROUND: The scant research, previously addressing patient participation during a nursing handover, generally indicated that there is stillroom for improvement. DESIGN: A quantitative and qualitative cross-sectional design. METHOD: During 2012-2013, we collected data on 100 handovers in five surgical wards. Data on factors of the handover encounter were collected through structured observations of the event and data on personality attributes and demographics were assembled through validated questionnaires; we content-analysed transcriptions of the handover's verbal content for typical content, frequency and quality of the communication. FINDINGS: Patient participation proved bi-directional, consisting of patient's initiative and nurse's initiative. Whereas patient's initiative improved when the head nurse and escorts were present and the unit was less loaded, nurse's initiative was facilitated by the presence of escorts and less overload. As for personality attributes, whereas patient's imitative improved with patient's high neuroticism, high agreeableness and low openness to experience, nurse's initiative decreased with patient's high neuroticism, extraversion and conscientiousness. CONCLUSION: Findings illustrated the different communication preferences of patients with different personal attributes, as well as the different approaches by nurses to each of these different personalities. Nurses should be taught about communication and ways to engage patients during handover. Patients' education is also warranted including how and when to approach the different caregivers.
Assuntos
Processo de Enfermagem , Transferência da Responsabilidade pelo Paciente , Participação do Paciente , Personalidade , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Relações Enfermeiro-Paciente , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Even though traumatic stress is a major risk factor for depression, most people do not develop a depression. The effects of stress may particularly emerge after repeated exposure in vulnerable individuals. Therefore, we hypothesized that (1) increased exposure to stress across the life span is associated with an increased depression risk and (2) this effect is the most pronounced in individuals with high levels of neuroticism. METHODS: We investigated the effect of childhood maltreatment, major life events, daily hassles, and a composite index thereof (cumulative stress index) on depressive symptoms and major depressive disorder (MDD) including the possible moderating role of neuroticism in a discovery sample from the general population (N = 563) and an independent replication sample from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (N = 2,274). RESULTS: All stress domains were independently associated with depressive symptoms in the discovery sample. In the replication sample, we confirmed these findings for childhood maltreatment and daily hassles but not for major life events with depressive symptoms as outcome. Nevertheless, all stress domains significantly contributed to the presence of MDD in the replication sample. The cumulative stress index was significantly associated with depression in the discovery (ß = 1.42, P < .001) and replication sample (ß = 3.79, P < .001), especially in those individuals with high levels of trait neuroticism (discovery: ß = 0.013, P < .001; replication: ß = 0.367, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to show that cumulative stress exposure across different stress domains contributes to depressive symptoms and MDD in adulthood. Moreover, we show that increased exposure to stress across the life span has more impact on vulnerable individuals with high levels of trait neuroticism.
Assuntos
Transtornos de Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Maus-Tratos Infantis/estatística & dados numéricos , Depressão/epidemiologia , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/epidemiologia , Acontecimentos que Mudam a Vida , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Maus-Tratos Infantis/psicologia , Depressão/etiologia , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Países Baixos/epidemiologia , Neuroticismo , Risco , Estresse Psicológico/complicações , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In the past, several studies have suggested the existence of a "periarthritic personality" in patients with frozen shoulder. We conducted a study to determine differences in personality traits in patients with primary and secondary frozen shoulders. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prospectively evaluated 118 patients (84 women and 34 men; mean age, 53.8 years; SD 7.56) with a frozen shoulder. Of these patients, 48 had an idiopathic frozen shoulder and 70 had a secondary frozen shoulder. Personality traits were determined by the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) scale. This questionnaire measures the 5 major personality traits and is based on the norms determined in a neutral test situation for 2415 controls. RESULTS: Compared with healthy controls, no differences in personality traits were found in patients with primary and secondary frozen shoulder, except for Conscientiousness and Extraversion, for which patients with secondary frozen shoulder scored significantly higher than healthy controls. Patients with primary frozen shoulder scored significantly higher on Openness to Experience than did patients with secondary frozen shoulder; on the other 4 Big Five personality traits, no significant differences were found between patients with primary and secondary frozen shoulder. More specifically, patients with idiopathic frozen shoulder did not score higher on the trait Neuroticism as would be expected from previous publications. CONCLUSIONS: Our study results do not indicate that patients with an idiopathic frozen shoulder have a specific personality compared with healthy controls. Only a few differences were found in personality traits when the entire frozen shoulder group was compared with healthy controls and between patients with primary and secondary frozen shoulders. The results of this study suggest that these differences are not sufficient to speak about a specific "frozen shoulder personality."
Assuntos
Bursite/psicologia , Personalidade , Adulto , Idoso , Transtornos de Ansiedade , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neuroticismo , Determinação da Personalidade , Estudos Prospectivos , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Personality traits are major determinants of social behavior influencing various diseases including addiction. Twin and family studies suggest personality and addiction to be under genetic influence. Identification of DNA susceptibility variants relies on valid and reliable phenotyping approaches. We present results of psychometric testing of the Icelandic NEO-FFI in a population sample (N=657) and a sample recruited for a study on addiction genetics (N=3,804). The Icelandic NEO-FFI demonstrated internal consistency and temporal stability. Factor analyses supported the five-factor structure. Icelandic norms were compared to American norms and language translations selected for geographical and cultural proximity to Iceland. Multiple discriminant function analysis using NEO-FFI trait scores and gender as independent variables predicted membership in recruitment groups for 47.3% of addiction study cases (N=3,804), with accurate predictions made for 69.5% of individuals with treated addiction and 43.3% of their first-degree relatives. Correlations between NEO-FFI scores and the discriminant function suggested a combination of high neuroticism, low conscientiousness and low agreeableness predicted membership in the Treated group.