Associations between Missed Colonoscopy Appointments and Multiple Prior Adherence Behaviors in an Integrated Healthcare System: An Observational Study.

BACKGROUND: Missed colonoscopy appointments delay screening and treatment for gastrointestinal disorders. Prior nonadherence with other care components may be associated with missed colonoscopy appointments. OBJECTIVE: To assess variability in prior adherence behaviors and their association with missed colonoscopy appointments. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. PARTICIPANTS: Patients scheduled for colonoscopy in an integrated healthcare system between January 2016 and December 2018. MAIN MEASURES: Prior adherence behaviors included: any missed outpatient appointment in the previous year; any missed gastroenterology clinic or colonoscopy appointment in the previous 2 years; and not obtaining a bowel preparation kit pre-colonoscopy. Other sociodemographic, clinical, and system characteristics were included in a multivariable model to identify independent associations between prior adherence behaviors and missed colonoscopy appointments. KEY RESULTS: The median age of the 57,590 participants was 61 years; 52.8% were female and 73.4% were white. Of 77,684 colonoscopy appointments, 3,237 (4.2%) were missed. Individuals who missed colonoscopy appointments were more likely to have missed a previous primary care appointment (62.5% vs. 38.4%), a prior gastroenterology appointment (18.4% vs. 4.7%) or not to have picked up a bowel preparation kit (42.4% vs. 17.2%), all p < 0.001. Correlations between the three adherence measures were weak (phi < 0.26). The rate of missed colonoscopy appointments increased from 1.8/100 among individuals who were adherent with all three prior care components to 24.6/100 among those who were nonadherent with all three care components. All adherence variables remained independently associated with nonadherence with colonoscopy in a multivariable model that included other covariates; adjusted odds ratios (with 95% confidence intervals) were 1.6 (1.5-1.8) for outpatient appointments, 1.9 (1.7-2.1) for gastroenterology appointments, and 3.1 (2.9-3.4) for adherence with bowel preparation kits, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Three prior adherence behaviors were independently associated with missed colonoscopy appointments. Studies to predict adherence should use multiple, complementary measures of prior adherence when available.

Ocular drug delivery systems: glaucoma patient perceptions from a German university hospital eye clinic.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to report on glaucoma patients' beliefs and illness perceptions and to investigate their opinion on ocular drug delivery devices (ODD). METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study in a large tertiary-referral outpatient glaucoma clinic, with 102 patients. Validated anonymized questionnaires were used. We investigated the awareness and acceptance regarding ODD (contact lenses (CLs), punctal plugs (PPs), subconjunctival implants, anterior chamber (AC) injections, and drug-emitting stents) and looked at factors that could influence a patient's decision for having an ODD. RESULTS: Sixty-three patients (61.8%) confirmed they would rather have ODD than keep their eye-drops (38.2%). The most important factors influencing their decision were effectiveness and long-lasting effect. A large proportion of patients reported a preference for CLs (48.0%), PPs (52.9%), or drug-emitting stents (44.1%). When comparing patients who preferred ODD (group-1) versus eye-drops (group-2), significantly more patients in group-1 were worried (p < 0.001) or felt disrupted (p < 0.001) by their use of eye-drops. A significantly greater share of patients in group-1 showed acceptance towards CLs (60.3% vs. 38.5%; p = 0.032), AC injections (38.1% vs. 12.8%, p = 0.006), or drug-emitting stents (54% vs. 28.2%, p = 0.023), whilst there were no significant differences regarding the acceptance of PPs (p = 0.363) or subconjunctival implants (p = 0.058). CONCLUSION: ODD for the treatment of glaucoma were broadly deemed acceptable by patients in this study. Effectiveness and long-lasting effect were the most important factors for a decision towards having an ODD. The majority of patients who preferred an ODD felt severely affected by their disease and were negatively influenced by their glaucoma medication intake.

Remote monitoring system to support positive airway pressure therapy in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a multi-center randomized controlled trial.

PURPOSE: To develop and evaluate an intervention tailored to patients' needs to increase the rate of positive airway pressure (PAP) adherence in patients afflicted with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), who undergo PAP therapy. METHODS: A multi-center, 3 parallel-arm, randomized, controlled trial was conducted. Participants with OSA who undergo a PAP therapy were randomized to one of three groups: control arm (usual care), educational booklet arm, and mobile-based application arm. PAP usage, the percentage of days using the device for more than 4 h, change in knowledge, risk perception, outcome expectancy, self-efficacy, and ESS were assessed before and one month after interventions in the three groups. Also, the application usage data were analyzed. RESULTS: The result showed the change in average PAP usage, knowledge, risk perception, and self-efficacy in the application group was significantly higher than the control and booklet groups. Also, the change in use for more than 4 h in the application group was significantly higher than the control group. Comparing the actual and patients' self-report PAP use indicated patients' self-report about the use of the device is about 50 min (0.8 h) more than the actual amount of use. CONCLUSION: The study results indicated that the improvement of primary and secondary outcomes in adherence to PAP was significantly higher in the application group than in other study groups. Given the increasingly penetrating influence of smartphone-based technologies, it seems that mobile-based applications could potentially be adopted in the population of patients with OSA. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: IRCT2017092236314N1; https://en.irct.ir/trial/27185.

Factors Associated with Patient Adherence to Biofeedback Therapy Referral for Migraine: An Observational Study.

Biofeedback has Grade A evidence for the treatment of migraine, yet few studies have examined the factors associated with patients' decisions to pursue biofeedback treatment recommendations. We sought to examine reasons for adherence or non-adherence to referral to biofeedback therapy as treatment for migraine. Patients with migraine who had been referred for biofeedback by a headache specialist/behavioral neurologist were interviewed in person or via Webex. Patients completed an enrollment questionnaire addressing demographics and questions related to their headache histories. At one month, patients were sent a follow-up questionnaire via REDCap and asked if they had pursued the recommendation for biofeedback therapy, their reasons for their decision, and their impressions about biofeedback for those who pursued it. Nearly two-thirds (65%; 33/51) of patients responded at one month. Of these, fewer than half (45%, 15/33) had contacted biofeedback providers, and only 18% (6/33) completed a biofeedback session. Common themes emerged for patients who did not pursue biofeedback, including feeling that they did not have time, concern for financial obstacles (e.g., treatment cost and/or insurance coverage), and having difficulty scheduling an appointment due to limited provider availability. When asked about their preference between type of biofeedback provider (e.g., a physical therapist or psychologist), qualitative responses were mixed; many patients indicated no preference as long as they took insurance and/or were experienced, while others indicated a specific preference for a physical therapist or psychologist due to familiarity, or prior experiences with that kind of provider. Patients with migraine referred for biofeedback therapy face numerous obstacles to pursuing treatment.

Consistent application of compression: An under-considered variable in the prevention of venous leg ulcers.

Venous leg ulcers, the most common leg ulcer, occur in patients with chronic venous insufficiency due to venous hypertension. Evidence supports the conservative treatment with lower extremity compression, ideally between 30-40 mm Hg. Pressures in this range provide enough force to partially collapse lower extremity veins without restricting arterial flow in patients without peripheral arterial disease. There are many options for applying such compression, and those who apply these devices have varying levels of training and backgrounds. In this quality improvement project, a single observer utilised a reusable pressure monitor to compare pressures applied using different devices by individuals in wound clinics with diverse training from specialties of dermatology, podiatry, and general surgery. Average compression was higher in the dermatology wound clinic (n = 153) compared to the general surgery clinic (n = 53) (35.7 ± 13.3 and 27.2 ± 8.0 mm Hg, respectively, p < 0.0001), and wraps applied by clinic staff (n = 194) were nearly twice as likely as a self-applied wrap (n = 71) to have pressures greater than 40 mm Hg (relative risk: 2.2, 95% confidence interval: 1.136-4.423, p = 0.02). Pressures were also dependent upon the specific compression device used, with CircAid®s (35.5 mm Hg, SD: 12.0 mm Hg, n = 159) providing higher average pressures than Sigvaris Compreflex (29.5 mm Hg, SD: 7.7 mm Hg, n = 53, p = 0.009) and Sigvaris Coolflex (25.2 mm Hg, SD: 8.0 mm Hg, n = 32, p < 0.0001). These results indicate that the device-provided pressure may be dependent on both the compression device and the background and training of the applicator. We propose that standardisation in the training of compression application and increased use of a point-of-care pressure monitor may improve the consistency of applied compression, thus improving adherence to treatment and outcomes in patients with chronic venous insufficiency.

Liver Disease and Poor Adherence Limit Hepatitis C Cure: A Real-World Australian Treatment Cohort.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: In 2016, direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment for hepatitis C (HCV) became available through Australia's universal health care system, with the aim of HCV elimination. We report real-world effectiveness of DAA HCV treatment in Australia from a clinically well-informed cohort, enriched for cirrhosis and prior HCV treatment. METHODS: 3413 patients were recruited from 26 hospital liver clinics across Australia from February 2016 to June 2020. Clinical history and sustained viral response (SVR) were obtained from medical records and data linkage to the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme. Factors associated with SVR were assessed by multivariable logistic regression (MVR). RESULTS: At recruitment, 32.2% had cirrhosis (72.9% Child Pugh class B/C), and 19.9% were treatment experienced. Of the 2,939 with data, 93.3% confirmed SVR. 137 patients received second-line therapy. Patients with cirrhosis had lower SVR rate (88.4 vs. 95.8%; p < 0.001). On MVR, failure to achieve SVR was associated with Genotype 3 (adj-OR = 0.42, 95%CI 0.29-0.61), male gender (adj-OR = 0.49, 95%CI 0.31-0.77), fair/poor adherence (adj-OR = 0.52, 95%CI 0.28-0.94), cirrhosis (adj-OR = 0.57, 95%CI 0.36-0.88), FIB-4 > 3.25 (adj-OR = 0.52, 95%CI 0.33-0.83) and MELD score ≥ 20 (adj-OR = 0.25, 95%CI 0.08-0.80). Consistent results were seen in cirrhotic sub-analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Excellent SVR rates were achieved with DAAs in this real-world cohort of patients with chronic HCV infection. More advanced liver disease and clinician impression of poor adherence were associated with HCV treatment failure. Supports to improve liver fibrosis assessment skills for non-specialist DAA prescribers in the community and to optimize patient adherence are likely to enable more effective pursuit of HCV elimination in Australia.

Patients' and GPs' duties and responsibilities in long-term care after myocardial infarction: a qualitative study of patients' perspectives.

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease is one of the main causes of death in Europe and around the world. Effective and individualized long-term treatment of patients with chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and myocardial infarction reduces mortality and the risk of recurrence and prevents secondary disease. However, there is little data on patients' views. OBJECTIVE: To examine patients' perspectives on long-term care after myocardial infarction. METHODS: A qualitative interview study with patients after myocardial infarction in Berlin and Brandenburg, Germany. Fifteen episodic interviews were conducted, transcribed, coded, and analyzed using framework analysis. RESULTS: Participants consistently emphasized major functions fulfilled by general practitioners: monitoring, advice, diagnosis, referral, coordination. Furthermore, other functions such as empathy and feeling emotionally valued. Major patient roles emerged such as information sharing, lifestyle change, and coping. Responsibility toward doctors was expressed in terms of active participation in describing their symptoms, following the doctor's directions, and sharing in decision-making. Self-responsibility in participants showed 2 contrasting approaches. On the one hand, a passive attitude (acceptance, helplessness), and on the other, active resistance and taking action. CONCLUSION: The study underlines the importance of communication and awareness of the patient's perspective. General practitioners must address patients' aims and fears, encourage their initiative, and focus on empathy and education.

The impact of drug palatability on prescribing and dispensing of antibiotic formulations for paediatric patients: a cross-sectional survey of general practitioners and pharmacists.

BACKGROUND: Palatability is a key element of paediatric acceptability for medicines. Many patient and drug factors are considered when choosing an antibiotic for a child. Pharmacists report that they receive questions about the palatability of oral liquid antibiotics for children. This study aimed to explore the experiences of GPs and pharmacists concerning palatability of oral liquid antibiotics for children. METHODS: A questionnaire about the impact of palatability on the choice of antibiotic formulation for children was emailed to all community pharmacists in Ireland and to GPs and trainee GPs in the Cork region and posted on social media. Survey items were not compulsory; therefore, percentage responses were calculated based on the number of responses to that item. GP and pharmacist responses were analysed independently. RESULTS: Responses were received from 244 participants (59 GPs, 185 pharmacists). Clinical guidelines and availability of supply were the most important factors considered when choosing an oral liquid antibiotic formulation for children by GP (79.7%) and pharmacist (66.5%) respondents respectively. Forty GP respondents (76.9%) reported ensuring adherence was the most common palatability-related reason leading to deviation from guidelines. Pharmacist respondents (52%) reported advising a parent/caregiver to manipulate the required antibiotic dose to improve acceptability. The least palatable oral liquid antibiotics reported were flucloxacillin (16% GPs, 18% pharmacists) and clarithromycin (17% of each profession). CONCLUSION: This study identified palatability issues associated with oral liquid antibiotics for children reported by GPs and pharmacists. Pharmaceutical approaches to adapting oral liquid antibiotic formulations must be developed to improve palatability and thus paediatric acceptability.

Implementing a home-based virtual hypertension programme-a pilot feasibility study.

INTRODUCTION: Implementing a health system-based hypertension programme may lower blood pressure (BP). METHODS: We performed a randomized, controlled pilot study to assess feasibility, acceptability, and safety of a home-based virtual hypertension programme integrating evidence-based strategies to overcome current barriers to BP control. Trained clinical pharmacists staffed the virtual collaborative care clinic (vCCC) to remotely manage hypertension using a BP dashboard and phone "visits" to monitor BP, adherence, side effects of medications, and prescribe anti-hypertensives. Patients with uncontrolled hypertension were identified via electronic health records. Enrolled patients were randomized to either vCCC or usual care for 3 months. We assessed patients' home BP monitoring behaviour, and patients', physicians', and pharmacists' perspectives on feasibility and acceptability of individual programme components. RESULTS: Thirty-one patients (vCCC = 17, usual care = 14) from six physician clinics completed the pilot study. After 3 months, average BP decreased in the vCCC arm (P = 0.01), but not in the control arm (P = 0.45). The vCCC participants measured BP more (9.9 vs. 1.2 per week, P < 0.001). There were no intervention-related adverse events. Participating physicians (n = 6), pharmacists (n = 5), and patients (n = 31) rated all programme components with average scores of >4.0, a pre-specified benchmark. Nine adaptations in vCCC design and delivery were made based on potential barriers to implementing the programme and suggestions. CONCLUSION: A home-based virtual hypertension programme using team-based care, technology, and a logical integration of evidence-based strategies is safe, acceptable, and feasible to intended users. These pilot data support studies to assess the effectiveness of this programme at a larger scale.

Decision-making processes behind seeking regular cardiac checkups for individuals with Marfan syndrome: A grounded theory study.

Patients with Marfan syndrome (MFS) present with various symptoms, such as aortic aneurysm/dissection, tall stature, and lens deviation. Among them, acute aortic dissection is a complication that leads to sudden death. Some individuals with MFS are reluctant to see a cardiologist and discontinue regular checkups until they develop life-threatening complications. We conducted a grounded theory study to investigate how individuals with MFS decided whether to adhere to healthcare recommendations, specifically to attend cardiology appointments. The study recruited individuals with a clinical or genetic diagnosis of MFS from a Japanese university hospital and individuals from a support group. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 28 consenting participants. In this study, we identified the decision-making processes of individuals with MFS concerning their cardiology visits. We extracted "perception of the gap between their health status and medical recommendations" as the central category. This decision-making process consisted of three parts: (A) the process by which an individual with MFS sees a cardiologist for the first time, (B) the process by which an individual with MFS keeps up with cardiology checkups, and (C) the process by which parents bring their children with MFS to the cardiologist. Individuals who learned of the possibility of MFS decided whether to adhere to medical recommendations depending on how they perceived the gap between their health status and the medical recommendations. In addition to medical information and treatment experience, adaptation to MFS, which changed through interactions with others, influenced the perception of the gap. This study suggests the role of genetic counseling and molecular genetic diagnosis as factors that may facilitate adaptation to MFS. The involvement of genetic counselors is important for helping individuals with MFS keep up with regular checkups while affirming their own experiences. These results provide insight into adherence to medical recommendations for individuals with MFS.

A Rejected Hypothesis: Phenomenon of High Treatment Adherence in Direct-to-Consumer Teledermatology Despite Lack of Direct Physician-Patient Interaction.

Background: Adherence to dermatological treatment is described as poor. Empathy and open communication in the physician-patient relationship has been proven to improve adherence. As direct-to-consumer teledermatology enables patients to access dermatological consultations without in-person interactions, we hypothesized treatment adherence in teledermatology to be low. Methods: The objective of the study was to examine treatment adherence in teledermatology. This retrospective cross-sectional study used data from patients treated through a German direct-to-consumer teledermatology platform between July 2021 and April 2022. Additional information was collected through voluntary follow-up questionnaires provided to patients to assess individual treatment success, treatment-related adverse events, and treatment adherence. Results: Data collection included 771 patients; 61.6% (475/771) were women (mean age 35 years). In 46% (355/771), skin disease had been present for <3 months before teleconsultation. Of all patients who answered the follow-up questionnaire (n = 228), 28.5% (65/228) reported treatment-related adverse events, with skin dryness being the most common (56.9%, 37/65). Adverse events resulting in treatment discontinuation were reported in 1.3% (3/228) of all cases. Improvement in skin condition on therapy was described by 75.4% (172/228). In 85.5% (195/228), full treatment adherence was reported. Conclusion: This is the first study worldwide to examine data on treatment adherence in direct-to-consumer-teledermatology. Despite the lack of doctor-patient interaction, the results of our study demonstrate that most patients show high treatment adherence. Possible drivers contributing to high compliance rates could be the high proportion of new-onset skin diseases, the high treatment success of the prescribed therapies, and the low rate of serious adverse events.

Adherence to limiting weight-bearing activity in patients with diabetic foot ulcers: A qualitative study.

Patients with diabetic foot ulcers are advised to limit weight-bearing activity for ulcers to heal. Patients often disregard this advice although the reasons are not yet fully understood. This study explored (1) patients' experiences of receiving the advice and (2) factors influencing adherence to the advice. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 patients with diabetic foot ulcers. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Advice regarding limiting weight-bearing activity was described by patients as directive, generic and conflicting with other priorities. Rapport, empathy and rationale supported receptivity to the advice. Barriers and facilitators to limiting weight-bearing activity included demands of daily living, enjoyment of exercise, sick/disabled identity and burden, depression, neuropathy/pain, health benefits, fear of negative consequences, positive feedback, practical support, weather and active/passive role in recovery. It is important that healthcare professionals pay attention to how limiting weight-bearing activity advice is communicated. We propose a more person-centred approach in which advice is tailored to individuals' specific needs with discussion around patient priorities and constraints.

Safety and tolerability of nintedanib in patients with progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases: data from the randomized controlled INBUILD trial.

BACKGROUND: In the INBUILD trial in patients with progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), nintedanib reduced the rate of decline in forced vital capacity compared with placebo, with side-effects that were manageable for most patients. We used data from the INBUILD trial to characterize further the safety and tolerability of nintedanib. METHODS: Patients with fibrosing ILDs other than idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), who had experienced progression of ILD within the 24 months before screening despite management deemed appropriate in clinical practice, were randomized to receive nintedanib 150 mg twice daily or placebo. To manage adverse events, treatment could be interrupted or the dose reduced to 100 mg twice daily. We assessed adverse events and dose adjustments over the whole trial. RESULTS: A total of 332 patients received nintedanib and 331 received placebo. Median exposure to trial drug was 17.4 months in both treatment groups. Adverse events led to treatment discontinuation in 22.0% of patients treated with nintedanib and 14.5% of patients who received placebo. The most frequent adverse event was diarrhea, reported in 72.3% of patients in the nintedanib group and 25.7% of patients in the placebo group. Diarrhea led to treatment discontinuation in 6.3% of patients in the nintedanib group and 0.3% of the placebo group. In the nintedanib and placebo groups, respectively, 48.2% and 15.7% of patients had ≥ 1 dose reduction and/or treatment interruption. Serious adverse events were reported in 44.3% of patients in the nintedanib group and 49.5% of patients in the placebo group. The adverse event profile of nintedanib was generally consistent across subgroups based on age, sex, race and weight, but nausea, vomiting and dose reductions were more common among female than male patients. CONCLUSIONS: The adverse event profile of nintedanib in patients with progressive fibrosing ILDs other than IPF is consistent with its established safety and tolerability profile in patients with IPF and characterized mainly by gastrointestinal events, particularly diarrhea. Management of adverse events using symptomatic therapies and dose adjustment is important to minimize the impact of adverse events and help patients remain on therapy. Trial registration Registered 21 December 2016, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02999178 A video abstract summarizing the key results presented in this manuscript is available at: https://www.globalmedcomms.com/respiratory/cottin/INBUILDsafety .

LDL-C: The Only Causal Risk Factor for ASCVD. Why Is It Still Overlooked and Underestimated?

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is the most important causal risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). This article reviews why LDL-C remains overlooked and underestimated despite numerous studies that have proved its role. RECENT FINDINGS: Recently published EAS/ESC Guidelines for dyslipidemia and EAS Guidelines for prevention set new targets for LDL-C levels in primary and secondary prevention of ASCVD. These guidelines are based on data from large studies and meta-analyzes that have shown that lower LDL-C also means lower cardiovascular event rates. Real-life experience published in registries worldwide has shown us that the guidelines have not been translated to everyday clinical practice, meaning that a significant number of patients are undertreated and have LDL-C levels well above target. Potential reasons for the abovementioned are poor adherence and education of the patient and physician and health care system related factors. Implementation of the latest version of guidelines will require continuous patient and physicians education, as well as a shared decision-making process between physician and patient.

A Systematic Review of the Role of Telemedicine in Blood Pressure Control: Focus on Patient Engagement.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To systematically review and synthesize the existing evidence on the effects of different telemedicine interventions on improving patient engagement among patients with hypertension. Patient engagement is defined as patients' knowledge, skills, ability, and willingness to manage their healthcare within the context of interventions designed to promote positive patient behaviors. RECENT FINDINGS: Telemedicine is a rapidly growing method of healthcare services delivery. Telemedicine interventions are mainly used to facilitate communication between the patient and provider, measure, record, and track blood pressure, and educate and train patients about managing their blood pressure. Findings from several studies indicate the evidence of patient engagement, adherence to the care plan, improvement in knowledge about blood pressure, and patient satisfaction with telemedicine interventions for blood pressure. Telemedicine interventions need to be customized depending on patient demographics and socioeconomic characteristics such as age and education level to ensure optimal patient engagement.

Adherence to Guideline-Oriented Preventive Measures in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis in Germany.

BACKGROUND: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that is often associated with comorbidities and quality of life losses. The implementation of evidence-based preventive measures strengthens patient participation and offers the potential to improve quality of care for AD. OBJECTIVES: To assess adherence to guideline-oriented preventive measures in adult patients with AD in dermatological routine care in Germany. METHODS: The self-responsible application of preventive measures, clinical features, pruritus, disease severity, and duration of disease as well as skin disease-related quality of life were assessed in two independent cross-sectional studies in 2010 and 2017-2019. RESULTS: Between 2017 and 2019, 706 patients (55.8% female, mean age 41 years) were recruited in a comparable way to the survey in 2010 with 1,678 patients (60.5% female, mean age 38 years). Regular skin care was applied by 99.5% (2010: 94.9%), 90.9% avoided skin irritants (2010: 84.6%), and 80.2% (2010: 61.6%) did not smoke at home. Relaxation techniques were applied by 44.4% (2010: 29.9%). Advice on self-help measures was taken by 36.4% (2010: 27.1%) and 29.2% (2010: 15.4%) attended AD patient education courses. All six preventive measures categorized as obligatory were performed by 13.9% of the patients (2010: 6.7%). Predictors for the number of obligatory preventive measures applied were a high level of education, a longer disease duration, and a lower quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: Although the self-reported use of evidence-based preventive measures in the 2017-2019 study appears to be more frequent than in 2010, important measures are still insufficiently established. Hence, more implementation, including education, is needed to increase the use of guideline-oriented preventive measures.

Development of a patient decision aid for COVID-19 vaccination with the Comirnaty vaccine.

BACKGROUND: SARS-CoV-2 has been responsible for a pandemic since the beginning of 2020. Vaccine arrival brings a concrete solution to fight the virus. However, vaccine hesitancy is high. In France, the first available vaccine was Comirnaty from Pfizer-BioNTech. Shared decision-making, based on tools such as patient decision aids (PtDAs), can help patients make an informed choice about vaccination with Comirnaty. OBJECTIVE: The French College of Teachers in General Practice (CNGE) aimed to create a PtDA for people who have to decide whether they will receive the Comirnaty vaccine. METHODS: Development of the PtDA was performed according to the International Patient Decision Aids Standards (IPDAS). The initial design was based on a literature review and semistructured interviews with 17 patients to explore and clarify patients' expectations. A first draft of the PtDA was then alpha tested by a patient expert group and a physician expert group. The PtDA was finally beta tested in 14 prevaccine consultations. A steering group was consulted throughout the work. Patient support, community groups and the French National Authority for Health (HAS) were involved in the development process. RESULTS: A literature review identified one randomized trial on Comirnaty efficacy and safety. The first part of the PtDA allows patients to identify their own risk factors. The second part of the PtDA provides information on vaccination: benefits and risks, unknown data, and technical explanations about the mRNA vaccine. CONCLUSIONS: We developed a PtDA to be used in primary care settings for shared decision-making regarding vaccination with Comirnaty.

Profile of patients with type 2 diabetes and glycated haemoglobin ≥ 10% followed in general practice.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether profiles of patients with unbalanced type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥ 10% could be identified on the basis of socio-demographic, behavioural, clinical, and biological characteristics. METHODS: Retrospective, cross-sectional, factorial analysis study of patients with T2DM treated for at least 1 year, with HbA1c ≥ 10%. Patients were recruited via medical analysis laboratories, France. Patients were followed up in general practice with possible recourse to specialist consultations. Data were collected by means of self-administered questionnaires sent by post. RESULTS: A total of 104 patients were included: 69 men and 35 women, with a median age of 66 ± 12 years, body mass index 30.7 ± 6.2kg/m2 and 47% in a vulnerable socio-economic situation. Fifty patients (48%) were followed exclusively by their general practitioners and only 30% had no compliance problems. Creatinuria was measured at least once during the year in 92% of patients, but microalbuminuria was measured in only 20%. Age, socio-economic precariousness, insulin treatment, and follow-up by several health professionals had a negative influence on quality of life (QoL). Two patient profiles were defined by factor analysis: (i) young, rural, smoker, socially isolated, precarious patient with poor compliance and QoL; and (ii) elderly, urban, regular physical activity, in a couple, without precariousness and with satisfactory QoL. CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of the characteristics of patients with T2DM and glycaemic imbalance reveals profiles that are useful in clinical practice for a personalized approach to treatment and active prevention of diabetes complications.

Adherence to adjuvant endocrine therapy among White British and ethnic minority breast cancer survivors in the United Kingdom.

OBJECTIVE: Around half of women do not take adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET) as prescribed. Research suggests that adherence rates vary across ethnic groups. This study compared AET adherences rates in White British women and women from minority ethnic groups in the United Kingdom. METHODS: This is an observational study with 2001 breast cancer survivors recruited from outpatient clinics. Eligible women were diagnosed with primary breast cancer and prescribed AET within the last 3 years. Adherence was measured using the Medication Adherence Rating Scale. Eligible women were asked to complete a questionnaire pack that collected sociodemographic data such as age, relationship status and ethnicity. Independent samples t tests and χ2 tests were used to compare White British women and women from minority ethnic groups on self-reported adherence to AET. RESULTS: Of White British women, 27.8% were classed as non-adherent, compared to 44.4% of women from minority ethnic groups. A logistic regression controlling for relevant demographics indicated that women from minority ethnic groups had a significantly higher risk of non-adherence than women who were White British (odds ratio = 1.50, p = 0.03) CONCLUSION: Rates of non-adherence to AET are higher in women from minority ethnic groups, which may contribute towards racial disparities in breast cancer outcomes. Research with larger and more diverse samples is needed to explore this further and to investigate the psychosocial factors driving differences in adherence.

Exploring treatment adherence in long-term sick-listed workers and the impact of coping strategies, illness perceptions and perceived health.

BACKGROUND: Treatment adherence is important to improve return to work in sick-listed workers. Especially in long-term sick-listed workers who apply for a disability benefit and therefore have not (fully) returned to work, it is of great value to gain insight in the adherence to advice of physicians. Non-adherence could be one of the main reasons why they have not returned to work and are sick-listed for a long-term. The aim of the study is to explore treatment adherence and possible associated factors to advice from medical and occupational health physicians in long-term sick-listed workers. METHODS: The study is a cross-sectional survey study among 561 long-term (partly) sick-listed workers applying for a disability benefit. Associations of sociodemographic characteristics, disease related factors, coping strategies (Utrecht Coping List, UCL), illness perception (Illness Cognition Questionnaire, ICQ) and perceived health (Short-Form 12, SF12) with treatment adherence (measured with the Medical Outcomes Study Measures of Patient Adherence, MOS-MPA) were analysed separately for adherence to medical advice (n = 348, mean age 51.3 ± 9.1 years, 55.9% female) and adherence to occupational advice (n = 229, mean age 50.4 ± 9.5 years, 54.1% female). RESULTS: Among participants, 63.3% to 76.4% reported they were able to do what the physician told them to do. However, about half of the participants found it easy to follow-up and implement the suggestions of the physician (54.3% for medical advice and 50.2% for occupational advice). Having a mental health disorder was negatively associated with adherence to medical advice. An active coping strategy, acceptance of the disease, and perceiving positive long-term consequences of the disease were associated with a higher adherence, whereas focusing on the negative consequences was associated with a lower adherence, both for medical and occupational advice. CONCLUSIONS: The tendency to adhere to medical and occupational advice in long-term sick-listed workers is relatively low. In order to increase return to work in this population, medical and occupational health physicians should especially be aware of the adherence of sick-listed workers with mental health disorders, but also on those who focus on the negative consequences of their (physical or mental health) disorder.