RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Vitamin B17 tablets are sold (online) as an alternative cancer therapy medication. Its use however is not benign, given that it is metabolised into hydrogen cyanide. We aimed to measure the number of calls received by the New South Wales Poisons Information Centre (NSW PIC) regarding Amygdalin exposures. METHODS: A retrospective review of all amygdalin/cyanogenic glycoside product ingestion exposure calls to NSW PIC between 2015 and 2022. RESULTS: There were 120 unique exposure calls. Eighty-two (68%) were regarding minor exposures, with the remaining 38 (32%) of calls involving patients who had either a signifcant history or symptoms to prompt referral to hospital or were already seeking advice from a treating hospital clinican. CONCLUSION: There is a significant burden of concern generated from the misuse of cyanogenic glycoside products for cancer prevention and treatment, which can result in hospital admission carrying significant health risk and expenditure.
Assuntos
Amigdalina , Neoplasias , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , New South Wales/epidemiologia , Masculino , Amigdalina/uso terapêutico , Amigdalina/farmacologia , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Centros de Controle de Intoxicações/estatística & dados numéricos , Idoso , Adolescente , Criança , Glicosídeos/uso terapêutico , Glicosídeos/farmacologiaRESUMO
Leukemia is an incurable disease; it exhibits strong resistance to chemotherapy and other therapies, and it represents the most common childhood cancer and mortality. The cytotoxic of amygdalin (AMG) against the cell line of human monocytic leukemia (THP-1) was recorded, before determining other pharmacological effects. The cells were exposed to AMG for 24â¯hr at 37°C at different concentrations, the cytotoxic effect was determined via the MTT assay. The cells and the supernatant were collected for analyzing the oxidant/antioxidant status, apoptotic markers, and anti-microbial activity. Results showed a marked anti-proliferative cytotoxic effect of AMG which is concentration and time-dependent, the lipid peroxidation content was significantly decreased while the total thiol was increased in the treated cell line, significant up-regulation of Caspase-3 (Cas-3) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX) and down-regulation of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). Furthermore, The bacterial activity was detected via Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), and Disc Diffusion assays, while the antifungal evaluation was done by the Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC). Antimicrobial experiments revealed that AMG exerted potent, broad-spectrum antimicrobial effects toward a diversity of dangerously infecting pathogens. In conclusion; the prevailing research suggests that AMG is an effective anticarcinogenic and antimicrobial substance. The utilization of AMG subsequently in masks or wound dressings to prevent bacterial & fungal infections, including mucormycosis following COVID-19, as well as infections caused by penicillium and aspergillus, is a highly effective strategy in combating resistant microorganisms.
Assuntos
Amigdalina , Anti-Infecciosos , Humanos , Amigdalina/farmacologia , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Células THP-1 , Testes de Sensibilidade MicrobianaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Apricot kernels containing amygdalin (AMG) as the major cyanogenic glycoside are potentially useful as a complementary therapy for the management of several ailments including cancer. Nevertheless, little is known regarding the toxic and therapeutic doses of AMG, particularly in terms of male reproduction. Hence, this study evaluates selected qualitative characteristics of rabbit testicular tissue following in vivo administration of AMG or apricot kernels for 28 days. METHODS: The rabbits were randomly divided into five groups (Control, P1, P2, P3, P4). The Control received no AMG/apricot kernels while the experimental groups P1 and P2 received a daily intramuscular injection of amygdalin at a dose of 0.6 and 3.0 mg/kg of body weight (b.w.) for 28 days, respectively. P3 and P4 received a daily dose of 60 and 300 mg/kg b.w. of crushed apricot kernels mixed with feed for 28 days, respectively. Changes to the testicular structure were quantified morphometrically, while tissue lysates were subjected to the evaluation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, total antioxidant capacity, activities of antioxidant enzymes, and glutathione concentration. The extent of damage to the proteins and lipids was quantified as well. Levels of selected cytokines were determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay while a luminometric approach was used to assess the activity of caspases. RESULTS: Rabbits treated with 3.0 mg/kg b.w. AMG presented a significantly increased protein oxidation (p = 0.0118) accompanied by a depletion of superoxide dismutase (p = 0.0464), catalase (p = 0.0317), and glutathione peroxidase (p = 0.0002). Significantly increased levels of interleukin-1 beta (p = 0.0012), tumor necrosis factors alpha (p = 0.0159), caspase-3/7 (p = 0.0014), and caspase-9 (p = 0.0243) were also recorded in the experimental group P2 when compared to the Control. No effects were observed in the rabbits treated with apricot kernels at the oxidative, inflammatory, and histopathological levels. CONCLUSIONS: Apricot kernels did not induce toxicity in the testicular tissues of male rabbits, unlike pure AMG, which had a negative effect on male reproductive structures carried out through oxidative, inflammatory, and pro-apoptotic mechanisms.
Assuntos
Amigdalina , Estresse Oxidativo , Prunus armeniaca , Testículo , Animais , Masculino , Coelhos , Testículo/efeitos dos fármacos , Testículo/metabolismo , Testículo/patologia , Amigdalina/farmacologia , Prunus armeniaca/química , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , InflamaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Evidence has demonstrated that Chinese medicine formula Xuefu Zhuyu decoction can markedly promote the formation of new hair in patients and mice with alopecia areata (AA). Amygdalin is one of the active components of Xuefu Zhuyu decoction, but its therapeutic effects and the underlying mechanisms on AA remains largely unrevealed. PURPOSE: Therefore, this study aims to investigate the therapeutic effects and to probe its molecular mechanisms of inflammation and immune regulation on AA model of C3H/HeJ mice. STUDY DESIGN: The C3H/HeJ female mice were divided into control, AA, rusolitinib (60 mg/kg), and amygdalin groups (60, 90, and 120 mg/kg, 0.2 ml/10 g, i.g.). METHODS: The optical microscope was used to observe the feature of the local skin, and the number of lanugo and terminal hair. H&E staining was performed to determine the degree of pathological damage to the skin. ELISA was performed to detect levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in mice serum. Flow cytometry was carried out to analyze the CD4+CD25+FOXP3+, CD4+ and CD8+ of skin tissue. And the levels of CD4+ and CD8+, p-JAK/JAK2, p-STAT3/STAT, and SOCS3 were detected by immunohistochemistry. Western blot and qRT-PCR were employed to examine the expression levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, JAK2, p-JAK, STAT, p-STAT3 and SOCS3 proteins and genes in skin tissues. RESULTS: Compared with AA group, amygdalin immensely increased the number of vellus hairs and decreased the number of terminal hairs determined by skin microscopy and H&E staining. ELISA, Western blot and qRT-PCR data showed that the levels of IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ in serum and skin tissues of AA mice were significantly increased, while amygdalin administration dramatically restrained the contents of the three pro-inflammatory factors. Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry hinted that amygdalin observably enhanced the number of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ and CD4+ cells, while inhibited the number of CD8+ positive cells in mice with AA. Moreover, amygdalin signally reduced JAK2/STAT3 pathway-related protein and gene levels in AA mice. CONCLUSION: Amygdalin could inhibit inflammatory response and improve immune function in the treatment of AA. The underlying molecular mechanism may be related to inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 pathway.
Assuntos
Alopecia em Áreas , Amigdalina , Janus Quinase 2 , Camundongos Endogâmicos C3H , Fator de Transcrição STAT3 , Transdução de Sinais , Animais , Alopecia em Áreas/tratamento farmacológico , Janus Quinase 2/metabolismo , Fator de Transcrição STAT3/metabolismo , Feminino , Amigdalina/farmacologia , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Citocinas/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de DoençasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Due to its systemic toxicity, traditional chemotherapy of tumors is being taken into consideration. Herbal therapy, containing phytochemical polyphenol derivatives such as Curcumin (Cur), Ginger (Gin), Cloves (Clov) and Amygdaline (Amyg), is one of the numerous complementary and alternative approaches as an anti-cancer therapy and holds great promise for cancer chemo-prevention with fewer side effects. AIM: The current study was designated to assess anti-tumoral immunity and anti-cancer and chemo-preventive effectiveness of herbal extracts of Cur, Ginger, Clov and Amyg in Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC)-challenging mice. METHODS: Chemo-preventive efficacy of herbal extracts of Cur, Gin, Clov and Amyg were analyzed in vivo by examination of the apoptosis rate of EAC tumor cells by flow cytometry. The total numbers of EAC cells, splenocytes counts and leucocytes count with their differentials relative % in peripheral blood (PB) of EACchallenging mice were investigated. RESULTS: EAC-challenging mice treated with herbal extracts of Cur, Gin, Clov and Amyg showed a marked decline in EAC tumor cell count and a noticeable increase in apoptosis rate of EAC tumor cells, a remarkable decrease in serum level of cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) with an obvious increase in the number of splenocytes comparing to that in EAC-challenging mice treated with PBS alone. Moreover, the data indicated an insignificant change in the total leucocytes count and their differentials relative % of eosinophil, neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes in EAC-challenging mice treated with Cur and Amyg, but these parameters were markedly increased in EAC-challenging mice injected with Gin and Clov compared to that in EAC-challenging mice treated with PBS alone. CONCLUSION: To conclude, the herbal extracts of Cur, Gin, Clov and Amyg may have anti-tumoral immunity and anti-cancer potency and potential to reduce the resistance to cancer conventional chemotherapy and exert cancer chemo-protective approaches with low adverse effects. Further research is necessary to determine the regimen's toxicity on various tissues and organs and to connect the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches used in the regimen's biomedical use.
Assuntos
Apoptose , Carcinoma de Ehrlich , Curcumina , Extratos Vegetais , Zingiber officinale , Animais , Camundongos , Carcinoma de Ehrlich/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Ehrlich/patologia , Carcinoma de Ehrlich/imunologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Zingiber officinale/química , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Curcumina/farmacologia , Curcumina/química , Amigdalina/farmacologia , Amigdalina/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/química , Masculino , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Baço/efeitos dos fármacos , Baço/imunologia , FemininoRESUMO
AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of laetrile, vinblastine, and their mixture on cervical cancer cells and probe potential synergistic consequences. METHOD: The study scrutinized the inhibitory impact of laetrile vinblastine and their mixture on the growth of human cervical cancer cells (Hela cancer cell line). The cells were incubated for 24, 48, and 72 hours with concentrations varying from 1 microgram to 10,000 micrograms of each substance. RESULT: study results showed, the combination of vinblastine and laetrile effectively reduced the viability of human cervical cancer cells. This effect was stronger than the individual cytotoxic effects of each compound. The results suggest that the cytotoxicity of the vinblastine and laetrile combination increases with higher concentrations of the compounds. Additionally, the study revealed a synergistic effect between the mixture ingredients, particularly at the lowest and highest concentrations during the 24 and 72-hour incubation periods. CONCLUSION: The antiproliferative effect of (the combination of laetrile and vinblastine) was greater than the antiproliferative effect of either compound used alone, suggesting a synergistic relationship between the two.