Ultrasonographic features of mesenteric cysticercosis in a domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus).

A 5-year-old, 0.92-kg (2-lb), spayed female Dwarf Hotot rabbit was evaluated for a 1-day duration of lethargy and anorexia. Survey radiographs revealed evidence of gastrointestinal stasis. Abdominal ultrasonography characterized multiple small, round, anechoic structures embedded in the mesentery. These structures were thin walled with hyperechoic strands/septations. Most of the structures contained a well-defined, eccentric, hyperechoic nodule adherent to the intraluminal wall. Mesenteric cysticercosis was confirmed via exploratory laparotomy and histopathology. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first description of the ultrasonographic features of mesenteric cysticercosis in a domestic rabbit.

Uncommon localizations of hydatid cyst. Review of the literature.

INTRODUCTION: Hydatid disease is an endemic anthropozoonosis with usual localization in liver and lungs. Rarely it localizes in uncommon sites as spleen, skeleton, kidney, brain, cardiac muscle, peritoneum, sub cutis. Complications of uncommon localizations are the same that for usual ones. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Review of the literature on rare and atypical localization of hydatid cysts in soft tissues. Key-words used on Pub-Med [(echinococ OR hydatid) AND (soft tissue OR subcutaneous OR cutaneous)] without time limit. There were found 282 articles; 242 were excluded because of muscular or bone localizations. 40 were coherent. RESULTS: Different variables are taken into account: age, sex, geographic area, anatomic localization of the cyst, dimension, symptoms, signs, mobility, blood exams and specific serological tests, imaging techniques for diagnosis, existing of septa in the structure, treatment, anaesthesia, spillage, neo-adjuvant and adjuvant treatment, follow-up period, recurrent lesions. CONCLUSION: It would be useful create an homogeneous and standardized collection of data of these rare and potentially life-threatening conditions in order to create guide-line of diagnostic and therapeutic process and create (or adopt) unique classification of the lesions.

Isolated hydatid cyst of uterine cervix: A case report.

Hydatid disease is an endemic infection which can affect any organ, mainly the liver and lungs. Peritoneal echinococcosis is usually known to occur secondary to hepatic hydatid cyst rupture into the peritoneal cavity. An isolated cyst in the pelvic cavity is considered as primary only when there are no other hydatid cysts. Herein, we report an isolated pelvic-cervical hydatid cyst which presented without any involvement of the other abdominal organs or lungs. Our patient, a 27-year-old woman with the primary complaints of dyspareunia and chronic pelvic pain, had thin-walled large cystic mass originating from the cervix, diagnosed by ultrasonography. She underwent surgery with the most likely initial diagnosis of exophytic fibroid with cystic degeneration. Gynecologists should be aware of the possibility of isolated primary hydatid cyst of the pelvic cavity and should consider this condition in the differential diagnosis of cystic pelvic masses, especially in areas where the disease is endemic.

Peritoneal manifestations of fascioliasis on CT images: a new observation.

PURPOSE: To describe peritoneal manifestations of fascioliasis on CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed CT images in 31 patients with fascioliasis confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (n = 24) or surgery (n = 7). Image analyses were performed to identify hepatic, biliary, and peritoneal abnormalities. RESULTS: Hepatic abnormalities were seen in 28 (90.3 %) of the 31 patients. The most common finding was caves sign, which was present in 25 (80.1 %) patients. Three patients (9.7 %) presented with biliary abnormalities exhibiting dilatation and enhancing wall thickening of the bile duct, wall thickening of the gallbladder, and elongated structures in the bile duct or gallbladder. Peritoneal abnormalities were seen in 14 (45.2 %) of the 31 patients. The most common peritoneal abnormality was mesenteric or omental infiltration, which was seen in 9 (29.0 %) patients. Other peritoneal findings included lymph node enlargement (n = 7), ascites (n = 7), thickening of ligamentum teres (n = 2), and peritoneal mass (n = 2). CONCLUSION: Peritoneal manifestations of fascioliasis are relatively common, and CT findings include mesenteric or omental infiltration, lymph node enlargement, ascites, thickening of the ligamentum teres, and peritoneal masses.

Peritoneal enterobiasis causing endometriosis-like symptoms.

PURPOSE: Enterobiasis is the most common parasitic disease of the temperate zones and infects the human intestinal tract. In rare cases extraintestinal infections with Enterobius vermicularis may occur and can affect the female genital tract and peritoneal cavity. In most cases the infection is asymptomatic, but there are also cases described in which peritoneal enterobiasis can cause abdominal pain. METHODS: A case report and review of the pertinent literature. RESULTS: A 32-year-old patient was admitted with cyclical lower abdominal pain. With suspected endometriosis a diagnostic autofluorescence laparoscopy (DAFE) was performed. At surgery extensive peritoneal deposits were seen. Macroscopically these deposits were not typical for endometriosis. The histological examination showed granuloma caused by E. vermicularis eggs. The patient was treated with mebendazole. After completion of treatment the patient was asymptomatic. At the second-look laparoscopy no more peritoneal changes were detected. CONCLUSION: Enterobius vermicularis may cause symptoms similar to endometriosis. In cases with reasonable suspicion it should therefore be considered in the differential diagnosis.

Investigations of peritoneal and intestinal infections of adult hookworms (Uncinaria spp.) in northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) and California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) pups on San Miguel Island, California (2003).

The peritoneal cavity (PNC) and intestine of northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) pups and California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) pups that died in late July and early August, 2003, on San Miguel Island, California, were examined for hookworms. Prevalence and morphometric studies were done with the hookworms in addition to molecular characterization. Based on this and previous molecular studies, hookworms from fur seals are designated as Uncinaria lucasi and the species from sea lions as Uncinaria species A. Adult hookworms were found in the PNC of 35 of 57 (61.4%) fur seal pups and of 13 of 104 (12.5%) sea lion pups. The number of hookworms located in the PNC ranged from 1 to 33 (median = 3) for the infected fur seal pups and 1 to 16 (median = 2) for the infected sea lion pups. In addition to the PNC, intestines of 43 fur seal and 32 sea lion pups were examined. All of these pups were positive for adult hookworms. The worms were counted from all but one of the sea lion pups. Numbers of these parasites in the intestine varied from 3 to 2,344 (median = 931) for the fur seal pups and 39 to 2,766 (median = 643) for the sea lion pups. Sea lion pups with peritoneal infections had higher intensity infections in the intestines than did pups without peritoneal infections, lending some support for the hypothesis that peritoneal infections result from high-intensity infections of adult worms. There was no difference in intestinal infection intensities between fur seal pups with and without peritoneal infections. Female adult hookworms in the intestines of both host species were significantly larger than males, and sea lion hookworms were larger than those in fur seals. Worms in the intestine also were larger than worms found in the PNC. Gene sequencing and (RFLP) analysis of (PCR) amplified (ITS) ribosomal DNA were used to diagnose the species of 172 hookworms recovered from the PNC and intestine of 18 C. ursinus and seven Z. californianus hosts. These molecular data revealed that U. lucasi (hookworm of C. ursinus) and Uncinaria species A (of Z. californianus) infrequently mature in the intestine of the opposite host species in California rookeries. However, there is no support from molecular data for the hypothesis that cross-infection with "the wrong" Uncinaria species is a contributing factor in these cases of host peritonitis. The major significance of this research is the unusual finding of adult hookworms in the PNC of so many dead pups. No obvious explanation for this occurrence could be determined. Further research, like in the present study, should help understand and monitor the apparent ever changing role of hookworm disease in the health of northern fur seal and California sea lion pups on SMI.

Peritoneal hydatidosis: a review of seven cases.

Seven cases of peritoneal hydatidosis were reviewed. Of these, one had disseminated primary peritoneal echinococcosis, a rare presentation, whereas the rest were secondary to hepatic or splenic lesions. They were treated with a preoperative course of antihelminthics followed by surgery, which consisted of removal of the peritoneal cysts along with de-roofing and omentoplasty for the hepatic lesions and splenectomy for the splenic hydatid. During follow up, all patients were given a three-month course of albendazole and are doing well.

[Hydatid cysts of the pancreas, report of two cases]. / Kyste hydatique du pancréas: propos de deux observations.

BACKGROUND: Hydatid cyst of the pancreas is a rare affection with a frequency less than one percent of the various sites of hydatid disease. AIM: We report two cases of hydatid cyst of the pancreas. CASE 1: A 49 year old woman with a history of laparotomy for liver and peritoneal hydatid cyst was admitted with recurrent liver and peritoneal hydatid disease associated with a head pancreatic cyst of 3 cm in size. Surgical treatment consisted in a resection of the protruding dome with uneventful postoperative course. CASE 2: A 45 year old man who underwent laparotomy four years ago for hepatic hydatid cyst was admitted with recurrent liver and peritoneal hydatid disease associated with a head pancreatic cyst of 4 cm in size. At laparotomy it was a head pancreatic hydatid cyst without duct pancreatic lesion. The treatment consisted in the resection of the protruding dome. The postoperative evolution was simple. CONCLUSION: Hydatid cyst of the pancreas is rare. If associated with another hydatid localization, the diagnosis is generally easy. It can however be more difficult if the pancreatic localization is isolated. In most cases, resection of the protruding dome is sufficient.

Abdominal effusion revealing an exophytic hydatid cyst of the liver has developed under mesocolic.

The hydatid cyst of the liver is a parasitic disease due to the development of echinococcosis granulosus. It is common in livestock regions in developing countries but is gaining interest in the West due to migratory flows. If it remains a benign and asymptomatic affection for a long time, its natural evolution is often enamelled of complication which can put at the risk of vital prognosis. Diagnosis and staging are based on morphological examinations, including ultrasound and CT scan. The hydatid serology retains a place especially for the detection of recurrence after hydatid cyst of the liver surgery. In addition to surgery considered up to as the radical treatment of choice, other techniques have appeared in the therapeutic arsenal in combination with oral treatment with albendazol for uncomplicated cases thus reducing the morbidity of surgery. We report a case of giant hydatid cyst associated with exophytic liver development under mesocolic associated with a peritoneal hydatidosis.

Peritoneal manifestations of parasitic infection.

The purpose of this study was to describe of peritoneal manifestations of parasitic infection at CT. A broad spectrum of CT findings can be seen in the peritoneal cavity, including a varying degree of omental or mesenteric infiltration, single or multiple peritoneal mass or nodule, and peritoneal thickening or stranding. Recognition of these findings are crucial for establish an early diagnosis and helps avoid unnecessary surgery.

Hepatic hydatid cysts: intraperitoneal perforation in a pediatric patient.

We report a rare case of intraperitoneal hepatic hydatid cyst perforation in a 7 years-old boy. Diagnosis was performed by ultrasounds, computerized tomography scan, and serology. Surgical treatment was followed by pharmacologic treatment with the aim of avoiding a relapse. A brief review of the diagnostic and therapeutic management of the disease is provided.

Laparoscopic surgery for primary ovarian and retroperitoneal hydatid disease: A case report.

RATIONALE: Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a parasitic zoonosis caused by echinococcus larvae. Manifestations of the disease include a severe damage to the liver and lung. Damages to the mesentery, omentum, spleen, brain, heart, bone, thyroid, kidney, and uterus are rarely observed. Moreover, primary ovarian and retroperitoneal hydatid disease is extremely rare, and is easily ignored or misdiagnosed. PATIENT CONCERNS: We present a case of CE in a 34-year-old female who presented with an adnexal mass detected by B-ultrasound. Adnexal and retroperitoneal masses were removed by laparoscopic surgery. Postoperative pathological report (retroperitoneal cyst) Echinococcus granulosus. DIAGNOSES: Primary ovarian and retroperitoneal hydatid disease. INTERVENTIONS: The patient received intravenous injection of dexamethasone (10 mg) before cyst resection to prevent allergic reactions and oral albendazole (600 mg BID) for 14 days to prevent relapse postsurgery. OUTCOMES: The patient revealed no recurrence of disease and no reportable significant changes in 3 months. LESSONS: We present here a case report of CE. This case described herein inhabited a nonendemic region. Gentle and careful operation, and avoiding cyst rupture is the key to insuring success of the surgery. For safety, dexamethasone may be used before cyst resection to prevent anaphylaxis, and mebendazole can be used postoperatively to prevent relapse.

Laparoscopic excision of intra-abdominal paragonimiasis.

Lung fluke, Paragonimus westermani of Paragonimus species usually are accompanied by a persistent cough, hemoptysis, and chest pain. Extrapulmonary paragonimiasis caused by ectopic parasites in aberrant locations such as the abdominal wall, abdominal organs, and brain has been reported and the most commonly involved extrapulmonary organ is the brain. We present a case of 56-year-old male patient with intra-abdominal paragonimiasis who underwent laparoscopic excision of abdominal granuloma caused by parasite infection. An intra-abdominal mass associated with eosinophilia might be related to parasite infection. A laparoscopic approach is the most appropriate treatment modality in such benign abdominal pathology.

[Retrovesical hydatid cyst in children: report of 3 cases]. / Le kyste hydatique rétrovésical chez l'enfant: à propos de trois cas.

Retrovesical hydatid cyst is rare, even in endemic regions. From a presentation of three cases, the authors will review the clinical findings and illustrate the imaging features of this pathology and relate diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties.

Aberrant peritoneal localization of Dirofilaria repens in a dog.

Subcutaneous dirofilariosis is a widely spread vector-borne zoonotic disease caused by Dirofilaria repens. In the last years, a rise of human and animal cases of infection by D. repens has been reported in different European countries. The disease may be subclinical or characterized by different skin conditions. This report describes an unusual ectopic localization of D. repens in a naturally infected dog. The six-year old Pit Bull mixed breed dog presented dysorexia, exercise intolerance, orchialgia and moderate abdominal effusion. The abdominal ultrasound examination revealed multiple linear tubular structures with writhing and undulating movements within the peritoneal effusion. The microscopic examination of the peritoneal effusion revealed many larvae microscopically and molecularly identified as D. repens. This is the first case of peritoneal localization of D. repens in a dog. Epidemiological implications are discussed.

[Disseminated peritoneal hydatidosis manifested as intestinal ischaemia]. / Hidatidosis peritoneal diseminada manifestada como isquemia intestinal.

BACKGROUND: The hydatid disease, or echinococcosis, is endemic in Mediterranean countries, as well as in Australia, Asia, Africa, South America, and Canada. Among its complications is intraperitoneal rupture, a rare form of presentation, with highly variable symptoms. The treatment of choice is surgery plus adjuvant medical treatment in most patients. OBJECTIVE: A case is presented of a patient with disseminated peritoneal hydatidosis manifested as intestinal ischaemia. CLINICAL CASE: A 50-year-old male was admitted to the emergency room with a history of chronic abdominal pain that worsened in the last 24hours. He showed signs of sepsis in the physical examination and was subjected to surgery, in which intestinal ischaemia was found due to a disseminated peritoneal cystic disease, which had led to mesentery retraction. An intestinal resection with an end-ileostomy was performed. The results of the biopsy of the cystic lesions was disseminated peritoneal echinococcosis. Medical treatment was started with albendazole and praziquantel. CONCLUSION: This case shows a rare presentation of disseminated peritoneal hydatidosis, which led to intestinal ischaemia.