Severe penile torsion of 180 degrees in an adult patient: a uro-radiological case report.

Penile torsion is the abnormal three-dimensional twisting of penile corporal bodies. It can be classified as mild, moderate, or severe, depending on the degree of torsion. Severe penile torsion (>90°) is a very rare condition, with an estimated incidence of 0.4%-1% among all penile torsion cases. Our patient was a 37-year-old man complaining of a 2-year history of lower urinary tract symptoms. These symptoms appeared after the patient sustained an iatrogenic injury during Foley catheter insertion. Physical examination incidentally revealed an obvious counterclockwise penile rotation of 180°. Several theories have been proposed to explain the etiology of penile torsion, including theories based on genetic factors, abnormal urethral development, and abnormal attachment of the dartos fascia to the skin. Penile torsion may be associated with other penile anomalies, including chordee, hypospadias, and epispadias; however, it is often detected as an isolated finding. Clinical examination is sufficient to confirm its diagnosis without the need for further imaging. While no standardized procedure has been indicated for all penile torsion cases, the severity of torsion and the presence of other anomalies determine the most suitable procedure. No reports on the imaging features of penile torsion (irrespective of the degree of torsion) are available. We present the first such report on the imaging features, including advanced magnetic resonance imaging findings, of a 180° penile torsion in an adult patient.

HPV-related external genital lesions among men residing in Brazil

Abstract The aims of this study were to determine the incidence of external genital lesions (EGLs), specifically histologically confirmed condyloma (genital warts) and Penile Intraepithelial Neoplasia (PeIN), and genital HPV infection progression to EGLs among healthy men aged 18-73 residing in Brazil. Subjects included 1118 men enrolled in the HPV Infection in Men (HIM) study between July 2005 and June 2009. At each visit, EGLs were biopsied and subjected to pathological evaluation. HPV status in genital swabs and biopsies was determined by Linear Array and INNO-LiPA, respectively. Age-specific EGLs incidence and the proportion and median time to EGL development were estimated. Kaplan-Meier cumulative incidence rates at 6, 12, and 24 months were determined. During follow-up, 73 men developed an incident EGL. Men could develop multiple EGLs and there were 36 men with condyloma, 27 men with lesions suggestive of condyloma, six men with PeIN, and 20 men with non-HPV lesions. HPV-positive men who developed EGLs were younger (p = 0.002) than men that did not develop lesions. Among the 815 men with HPV infection, 4% progressed to EGL with the same HPV detected in the swab. During follow up, 15.7% of genital HPV-6 and HPV-11 infections progressed to condyloma (median progression time of nine months for HPV-6 versus 6.8 months for HPV-11). Approximately 1% of HPV-16 infections progressed to PeIN with a median progression time of 25 months. HPV types covered by the 4-valent HPV vaccine were detected in 82.3% and 83.3% of condyloma and PeIN, respectively. The high burden of HPV and high frequency of progression to disease underscores the need to offer HPV prophylactic vaccination to men to reduce the overall burden of infection and diseases caused by HPV.

Prevalence and risk factors for penile lesions/anomalies in a cohort of Brazilian men ≥ 40 years of age

Purpose To report the prevalence and risk factors of penile lesions/anomalies in a Metropolitan Brazilian city. Materials and Methods All participants undergoing prostate cancer screening in the city of Curitiba were systematically examined to identify penile lesions including cutaneous mycosis, sexually transmitted diseases, penile cancer, meatal stenosis, hypospadias, and Peyronie's disease. Outcomes of interest included the prevalence and the relative risk and 95% confidence intervals of the lesions/anomalies according to age, school level, race, personal history of diabetes, arterial hypertension, nonspecific urethritis, and vasectomy. Results Balanoposthitis occurred in 11.8% of all participants, with an increased risk in those with diabetes (RR = 1.73), or past history of nonspecific urethritis (RR = 1.58); tinea of the penis was present in 0.2%; condyloma acuminata in 0.5%; herpes virus infection in 0.4%; urethral discharge in 0.2%; genital vitiligo in 0.7%, with an increased prevalence in non-white men (RR = 4.43), and in subjects with lower school level (RR = 7.24); phimosis in 0.5%, with a nearly 7-fold increased risk in diabetics; lichen sclerosus in 0.3%; stenosis of the external urethral meatus in 0.7%, with a higher prevalence in subjects with lichen sclerosus (RR = 214.9), and in those older than 60 years of age (RR = 3.57); hypospadia in 0.6%; fibrosis suggestive of Peyronie's disease in 0.9%, especially in men older than 60 years (RR = 4.59) and with diabetes (RR = 3.91); and penile cancer in 0.06%. Conclusion We estimated the prevalence and risk factors of commonly seen penile diseases in an adult cohort of Brazilian men. .

Fundamentos diagnósticos en la disfunción eréctil. A propósito de 2 estudios prospectivos. Resultados preliminares / Fundamentals of erectile dysfunction diagnostics. About 2 prospective studies. Preliminary results

Introducción: A lo largo de décadas se han planteado una serie de procedimientos diagnósticos de la disfunción eréctil (DE), partiendo de la historia clínica y sexual, con pruebas complementarias, algunas de ellas de carácter invasivo, debatiéndose la rentabilidad diagnóstica de dichas pruebas. Objetivos: Indagar claramente en cuáles son los procedimientos diagnósticos suficientemente fiables en la disfunción eréctil, con especial énfasis en la rentabilidad, o cambio en la presunción clínica y sexual de los test diagnósticos invasivos. Material y método: Para lograr nuestro objetivo realizaremos un estudio no comparativo, histórico, retrospectivo, entre 2 grupos prospectivos de pacientes, el A (n = 37) diagnosticados en el año 1995-1996 antes de la era de los iPDE5, y el B (n = 37) en 2012. Analizando demografía (A + B), comorbilidades (A + B), historia sexual (A + B), exploración física (A + B), analítica (A + B), respuesta a la inyección intracavernosa (A) y el empleo de cuestionarios sexuales validados (B). Resultados: En el estudio A hay diferencia entre los grupos en las variables edad, carácter total-parcial, antecedentes médico-quirúrgicos, diabetes, hipertensión arterial, vásculocardio-nefropatía, antecedentes psicológicos, toma de fármacos, tipos de erección (sobre todo la nocturna), signos de vasculopatía, niveles de glucemia y en la IIC PGE1. Dentro del estudio B hay diferencias en la diabetes mellitus, la hipertensión arterial y los niveles de glucemia. Discusión: Los factores predisponentes para la organicidad son la edad, la diabetes mellitus, la hipertensión arterial, cardio-vásculo y nefropatías. En la historia sexual el mejor parámetro para discernir entre categorías diagnósticas es la erección nocturna. La glucemia es el único parámetro analítico útil. Es el diagnóstico psicológico y el clínico los que mayor concordancia tienen con el diagnóstico de consenso. Conclusiones: Considerando suficiente base diagnóstica la evaluación global del paciente, pareja y entorno o circunstancias, predominando la valoración clínica (urológica y andrológica) además de psicosexual y social. La IIC no cambia la orientación diagnóstica, al igual que los cuestionarios sexuales validados, que sí resultan útiles en la cuantificación de la DE y en respuesta terapéutica (AU)

Introduction: Throughout decades a number of diagnostic procedures of erectile dysfunction (ED) based on the medical and sexual history have been raised, some of them with additional tests, part of them invasive, debating the diagnostic yield of these tests. Objectives: Which are sufficiently reliable diagnostic procedures in erectile dysfunction. With special emphasis on profitability, or change in the clinical and sexual presumption of invasive diagnostic tests. Material and method: To achieve our goal we will have a non-comparative, historical, retrospective, prospective study between two groups of patients, the A (n = 37) diagnosed in 1995-6 before the era of iPDE5, and B (n = 37) in 2012. By analyzing demographics (A + B), comorbidities (A + B), sexual history (A + B), physical examination (A + B), analytical (A + B), response to intracavernous injection (A) and the use of validated sexual survey (B). Results: In study A, no difference between groups in the variables age, total-partial, medical, diabetes, hypertension, cardio-vascular-renal disease, psychological history, taking drugs, erection background character types (especially at night), signs of vascular disease, blood sugar levels and the IIC PGE1. In study B there are differences in diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure and blood sugar levels. Discussion: The predisposing factors include age organicity, DM, hypertension, cardio-vascular and renal disease and. In sexual history, the best parameter to distinguish between diagnostic categories is nocturnal erection. Blood glucose is the only useful analytical parameter. It is both the psychological and clinical diagnosis who have greater concordance with the consensus diagnosis. Conclusions: Considering global assessment, partners and environment or circumstances sufficient for a diagnostic groundwork, where clinical (urology and andrology) plus psychosexual and social assessment prevail. IIC diagnosed orientation does not change, like sexual validated questionnaires, which are useful in quantifying ED and therapeutic response (AU)

Enfermedad de la Peyronie. Tratamiento con interferon y láser / Peyronie's disease: treatment with interferon and laser

Objetivo: Evaluar comparativamente los resultados del tratamiento con interferón, láser y su asociación en un grupo de sujetos con la enfermedad de la Peyronie. Método: Se realizó un estudio experimental para evaluar los principales resultados del tratamiento de la enfermedad de La Peyronie con Interferón y Láser, en el Hospital Provincial Universitario «Saturnino Lora Torres» y en el Hospital General Universitario «Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso» de la ciudad de Santiago de Cuba desde Enero del 2003 hasta Julio del 2005. Quedaron incluidos 96 pacientes, divididos en 3 grupos de tratamiento: Interferón, Láser e Interferón más Láser. Luego de la evaluación inicial se inició el tratamiento que duró 28 semanas, con reevaluaciones a los 6 y 12 meses de terminado el mismo. Resultados: Los resultados finales del tratamiento con Interferón y láser combinado fueron: mejoría de los síntomas (84,7 %), disminución del tamaño de la placa fibrosa (90,6 %) y, de la curvatura del pene (87,5 %). Conclusiones: La combinación de ambas terapias resultó ser más efectiva que su empleo por separado, por lo que se recomienda, la incorporación de la misma como otra terapéutica en la enfermedad de La Peyronie (AU)

Objectives: To evaluate comparatively the results of treatment with interferon, laser and their association in a group of patients with Peyronie's disease. Methods: We performed an experimental study to evaluate the main results of the treatment of Peyronie's disease with interferon and laser, at Hospital Provincial Universitario «Saturnino Lora Torres» and Hospital General Universitario «Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso» in the city of Santiago de Cuba from January 2003 to July 2005. Ninety-six patients were included, divided into three treatment groups: interferon, laser and interferon plus laser. After initial evaluation, treatment was started and continued for 28 weeks, with reevaluation six and 12 months after the end of treatment. RESULTS: Final results with combined interferon and laser were: symptoms improvement 84.7%, decrease of the size of the fibrous plaque 90.6% and decrease of penile curvature 87.5%. Conclusions: The combination of both therapies resulted to be more effective than each of them separately, so the recommendation is to incorporate it as another therapeutic alternative in Peyronie's disease (AU)

Infection with human papillomaviruses of sexual partners of women having cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

Epidemiological studies show that human papillomaviruses (HPV) are strongly related to cervical cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CIN). Unlike the case for women, there are no consistent data on the natural history of HPV in the male population even though these viruses are prevalent in males. We carried out a prospective study to assess the prevalence of HPV in males as well as the factors that determine such infections in 99 male sexual partners of women with CIN. The genitalia of the males were physically examined and subjected to peniscopy for the collection of scrapings which were subjected to the polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism to detect HPV. Of the 99 males sampled, 54 (54.5 percent) were positive for HPV DNA, 24 percent of whom presented normal peniscopy, 28 percent presented evident clinical lesions and 48 percent isolated lesions consistent with subclinical infection. In the HPV-negative group, 53 percent showed normal peniscopy, 4 percent presented evident clinical lesions and 42 percent isolated lesions consistent with subclinical infection. The study detected a statistically significant association (P < 0.02, Pearson chi-square test) between HPV infection and both the mean number of sexual partners which a male had during his life and the mean number of sexual partners in the year prior to testing. Viral types 6 and 11 were most frequently encountered. The study shows that infection with HPV was frequent in male sexual partners of women with CIN.