Fibular Nerve Repair by Lateral Sural Cutaneous Nerve Graft: Anatomic Feasibility Study and Clinical Results.

OBJECTIVE: The common fibular nerve (CFN) is the most frequently injured nerve in the lower limbs. Surgical management is necessary in approximately two thirds of patients and includes neurolysis, suture, graft repair, or nerve transfer. The distal sural nerve is the preferred donor for grafting, but it is not without complications and requires a second incision. We sought to study the surgical anatomy of the lateral sural cutaneous nerve (LSCN) with the aim of repairing CFN injuries through the same incision and as a potential source for grafting in other nerve injuries. METHODS: The popliteal fossa was dissected in 11 lower limbs of embalmed cadavers to study LSCN variations. Four patients with CFN injuries then underwent surgical repair by LSCN grafting using the same surgical approach. RESULTS: At the medial margin of the biceps femoris, the LSCN emerged from the CFN approximately 8.15 cm above the fibular head. The LSCN ran longitudinally to the long axis of the popliteal fossa, with an average of 3.2 cm medial to the fibular head. The mean LSCN length and diameter were 9.61 cm and 3.6 mm, respectively. The LSCN could be harvested in all patients for grafting. The mean graft length was 4.4 cm. Motor function was consistently recovered for foot eversion but was recovered to a lesser extent for dorsiflexion and toe extension. All patients recovered sensitive function (75% of S3). Hypoesthesia was recognized at the calf. CONCLUSIONS: LSCN harvest is a viable alternative for nerve grafting, especially for repairing short CFN injuries, thereby avoiding the need for a second incision.

The medial approach to the fibula: a feasible alternative.

PURPOSE: Since the first harvesting of a microsurgical fibula in 1974 by Ueba and in 1975 by Taylor, using the fibula for osseous reconstruction has proven to be a valuable approach. The harvesting technique, which has been refined by subsequent investigators, has become increasingly standardized, today providing a clear, reproducible method. The procedure involves elevating the fibular graft from lateral, choosing the shortest route to reach the fibula. One disadvantage of this approach is that the bone often obstructs visualization of the vascular pedicle, which lies medially, promoting unintentional injury. In addition, this method is associated with some donor site morbidity, prompting further investigations into accessing the fibula. Here we present an alternative approach for harvesting the fibula and highlight the pros and cons of each approach. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1999 and 2006, a total of 38 microsurgical (23 for the mandible, 9 for the extremities, and 6 for the maxilla) fibula grafts were harvested through the medial approach. RESULTS: In all cases, the patency of the posterior tibial, peroneal vessels, and the tibial nerve could be visualized. Two flaps failed (both mandible, for a success rate of 94.7%). No ischemic or wound healing complications of the lower limb were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The medial approach for harvesting the fibula is a feasible alternative to the lateral approach and provides the surgeon with a comparable likelihood of success. If for some reason access from the lateral approach is contraindicated, then the medial route should be considered.

[Bilateral leg compartment syndrome due to severe myonecrosis caused by inappropriate use of simvastatin]. / Syndrome de compression des loges bilatéral des membres inférieurs et myonécrose sévère due à l'usage inapproprié de la simvastatine.

Bilateral leg compartment syndrome due to myonecrosis caused by inappropriate use of statins is a rare but potentially fatal complication of this lipid lowering medication. We report a case of a 39-year-old woman who presented with suspicious critical lower limb ischemia. Subsequently, bilateral leg compartment syndrome and myonecrosis developed. The primary cause of myonecrosis was due to misuse of simvastatin mistaken by the patient for a weight-reducing drug. Urgent fasciotomies were performed and the patient underwent urgent renal replacement therapy with continuous hemodialysis for acute renal failure due to myoglobinuria. After this complex treatment, the patient was discharged. She almost fully recovered with only a residual paresis of the left fibular nerve. According to literature, this is a unique case of bilateral compartment syndrome and myonecrosis with acute renal failure due to statin overdose leading to acute renal failure and bilateral fasciotomy.

An anatomic study of vascularized fibular grafts.

OBJECTIVE: To study the applied anatomy of the vascular and muscular innervations related to vascularized fibular grafts. METHODS: Thirty-four cadaveric lower extremities were dissected for this study. The observations included fibular length, fibular nutrient artery, arcuate arteries, and innervation of fibular muscles. The fibulas were averagely divided into four segments and the locations of relevant vessels and nerves were ascertained. RESULTS: All specimens had 1 fibular nutrient artery and 4-9 arcuate arteries except 1 specimen which had only 1 arcuate artery. The fibular nutrient artery and the first three arcuate arteries were constantly located between the distal half of the 1/4 segment and 2/4 segment of the fibula. The muscular branch of the superficial peroneal nerve passed through the surface of the periosteum in the 2/4 segment of the fibula. CONCLUSIONS: The most proximal osteotomy point locates at the midpoint of the 1/4 segment by which it ensure the maximal potential for preserving the nutrient vessels. The muscular branch of the superficial peroneal nerve is fragile to injury at the 2/4 segment of the fibula.

Additive manufactured biodegradable poly(glycerol sebacate methacrylate) nerve guidance conduits.

Entubulating devices to repair peripheral nerve injuries are limited in their effectiveness particularly for critical gap injuries. Current clinically used nerve guidance conduits are often simple tubes, far stiffer than that of the native tissue. This study assesses the use of poly(glycerol sebacate methacrylate) (PGSm), a photocurable formulation of the soft biodegradable material, PGS, for peripheral nerve repair. The material was synthesized, the degradation rate and mechanical properties of material were assessed and nerve guidance conduits were structured via stereolithography. In vitro cell studies confirmed PGSm as a supporting substrate for both neuronal and glial cell growth. Ex vivo studies highlight the ability of the cells from a dissociated dorsal root ganglion to grow out and align along the internal topographical grooves of printed nerve guide conduits. In vivo results in a mouse common fibular nerve injury model show regeneration of axons through the PGSm conduit into the distal stump after 21 days. After conduit repair levels of spinal cord glial activation (an indicator for neuropathic pain development) were equivalent to those seen following graft repair. In conclusion, results indicate that PGSm can be structured via additive manufacturing into functional NGCs. This study opens the route of personalized conduit manufacture for nerve injury repair. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This study describes the use of photocurable of Poly(Glycerol Sebacate) (PGS) for light-based additive manufacturing of Nerve Guidance Conduits (NGCs). PGS is a promising flexible biomaterial for soft tissue engineering, and in particular for nerve repair. Its mechanical properties and degradation rate are within the desirable range for use in neuronal applications. The nerve regeneration supported by the PGS NGCs is similar to an autologous nerve transplant, the current gold standard. A second assessment of regeneration is the activation of glial cells within the spinal cord of the tested animals which reveals no significant increase in neuropathic pain by using the NGCs. This study highlights the successful use of a biodegradable additive manufactured NGC for peripheral nerve repair.

Peroneal Nerve Palsy: Evaluation and Management.

Peroneal nerve palsy is the most common entrapment neuropathy of the lower extremity. Numerous etiologies have been identified; however, compression remains the most common cause. Although injury to the nerve may occur anywhere along its course from the sciatic origin to the terminal branches in the foot and ankle, the most common site of compressive pathology is at the level of the fibular head. The most common presentation is acute complete or partial foot drop. Associated numbness in the foot or leg may be present, as well. Neurodiagnostic studies may be helpful for identifying the site of a lesion and determining the appropriate treatment and prognosis. Management varies based on the etiology or site of compression. Many patients benefit from nonsurgical measures, including activity modification, bracing, physical therapy, and medication. Surgical decompression should be considered for refractory cases and those with compressive masses, acute lacerations, or severe conduction changes. Results of surgical decompression are typically favorable. Tendon and nerve transfers can be used in the setting of failed decompression or for patients with a poor prognosis for nerve recovery.

[A FEASIBILITY STUDY ON TRANSPOSITION OF PROXIMAL MOTOR BRANCHES FROM TIBIAL NERVE TO RECONSTRUCT DEEP FIBULAR NERVE].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility of transposition of the proximal motor branches from tibial nerve (TN) as direct donors to suture the deep peroneal nerve (DPN) so as to provide a basis for surgical treatment of high fibular nerve injury. METHODS: Nineteen lower limb specimens were selected from 3 donors who experienced high-level amputation (2 left limbs and 1 right limb) and 8 fresh frozen cadavers (8 left limbs and 8 right limbs). The length and diameter of the three motor branches from TN (soleus, medial gastrocnemius, and lateral gastrocnemius) and the distance from the initial points to the branch point of the common peroneal nerve (CPN), as well as the length and diameter of the noninvasive separated bundles of DPN, then the feasibility of tensionless suturing between the donor nerves and the DPN bundle was evaluated. At last, part of the nerve tissue was cut out for HE and Acetylcholine esterase staining observation and the nerve fiber count. RESULTS: Gross anatomic observation indicated the average distance from the initial points of the three donor nerves to the branch point of the CPN was (71.44 ± 2.76) (medial gastrocnemius), (75.66 ± 3.20) (lateral gastrocnemius), and (67.50 ± 3.22) mm (soleus), respectively. The three donor nerves and the DPN bundles had a mean length of (31.09 ± 2.01), (38.44 ± 2.38), (59.18 ± 2.72), and (66.44 ± 2.85) mm and a mean diameter of (1.72 ± 0.08), (1.88 ± 0.08), (2.10 ± 0.10), and (2.14 ± 0.12) mm, respectively. The histological observation showed the above-mentioned four nerve bundles respectively had motor fiber number of 2,032 ± 58, 2.186 ± 24, 3,102 ± 85, and 3,512 ± 112. Soleus nerve had similar diameter and number of motor fibers to DPN bundles (P > 0.05), but the diameter and number of motor fibers of the medial and lateral gastrocnemius were significantly less than those of DPN bundles (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: All of the three motor branches from TN at popliteal fossa can be used as direct donors to suture the DPN for treating high CPN injuries. The nerve to the soleus muscle should be the first choice.

[Peripheral nerve compression by ganglionic cysts (author's transl)]. / Periphere Nervenläsionen durch Gangliencysten

Extra- and intraneural ganglionic cysts rarely involved peripheral nerves. They are found in the neighbourhood of large joints. Intraneural cysts prefer the deep peroneal nerve and cause intermittent pain and severe nerve damage. The ulnar nerve is affected most often at the wrist. There are different types of distal motor and/or sensory ulnar palsy. Spontaneous recovery may take place and recurrences of intraneural cysts of the peroneal nerve occur after surgery.

Operative anatomy of nerves encountered in the lateral approach to the distal part of the fibula.

We dissected fifty legs from twenty-six cadavera to determine the origin and frequency of nerves that crossed the line of a lateral approach to the distal part of the fibula. A branch of the sural or common peroneal nerve, or both, that was at least one millimeter in diameter crossed the line of the operative approach in eleven legs (22 per cent) and was within five millimeters of the anterolateral border of the fibula in twenty-seven legs (54 per cent). We recommend that a meticulous operative technique be used during exposure of the distal part of the fibula to prevent paresthesias or painful neuromas resulting from the inadvertent transection of these small nerves.

Palsy of the deep peroneal nerve after proximal tibial osteotomy. An anatomical study.

Iatrogenic, isolated weakness or paralysis of the extensor hallucis longus muscle is a common complication in patients who have had a proximal tibial and fibular osteotomy. To investigate why this complication occurs, we dissected the deep peroneal nerve and neighboring structures, such as the tibia and fibula and the muscles of the leg, in twenty-nine specimens from cadavera, paying special attention to the motor branches supplying the extensor hallucis longus. Of forty-six motor nerves that were identified, eight entered the muscle from the lateral side in an area seventy to 150 millimeters distal to the fibular head; all of them ran close to the fibular periosteum. We suggest that, in some patients, the nerve supply to the extensor hallucis longus is at high risk for injury during a tibial osteotomy because of the proximity of the bone to the motor branches.

Displacement of the common peroneal nerve associated with upper tibial fracture: implications for fine wire fixation.

The constant anatomic position of the common peroneal nerve is relied on when performing fine wire external fixation in the upper tibia. We report the case of a sixty-two-year-old woman with a Schatzker Type V fracture of her right tibial plateau and upper-third diaphyseal fracture associated with displacement and shortening of the upper tibia. She was treated by minimal internal fixation of the intraarticular fracture and application of a Sheffield Hybrid External Fixator. During percutaneous insertion of the reference wire in the fibular head, a distal muscle twitch alerted the surgeon, and the common peroneal nerve was duly explored and found displaced forward over the fibular head, dangerously close to the wire. It is postulated that at the time of injury, the common peroneal nerve was displaced anteriorly and that despite reduction of the tibial fractures, it had failed to return to its original position. The mechanism of this was confirmed by an anatomic study on an above-the-knee amputation specimen in which the metaphyseal-diaphyseal element of the fracture was reproduced. We recommend insertion of the reference fibular wire with the knee in flexion. Open insertion of this wire, with an incision down to bone and exposure of the fibular head, is recommended in cases in which severe trauma with shortening of the upper tibia, with possible disruption of the tibiofibular joint, puts the nerve in danger of injury.

Anatomical variations of the sensory nerves to the fibular osteocutaneous flap.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the anatomical relationship of the sural sensory nerve complex to the posterior crural intermuscular septum (PS), the key anatomical structure for the osteoseptocutaneous fibula skin paddle. DESIGN: Anatomical study. SUBJECTS: Twenty-two legs from 11 cadavers (7 females and 4 males). RESULTS: The lateral sural cutaneous (LSC) nerve, present in 20 of 22 legs, divides into lateral and medial branches near the head of the fibula. The LSC nerve and its medial branch course away from the PS, whereas the lateral branch tends to course toward the PS. The lateral branch courses nearest to the PS at a median distance of between 4 cm proximally and 3 cm distally. The medial branch of the LSC nerve terminates approximately in the middle of the leg, and the lateral branch of the LSC nerve terminates within 7 cm below the head of the fibula. The peroneal communicating branch is thicker than the LSC nerves; however, it is further from the PS in the upper leg. CONCLUSIONS: The LSC nerve is the most consistent and accessible donor sensory nerve in the posterior leg for harvest with the osteoseptocutaneous fibula free flap. Results of this study will assist the surgeon in harvesting a sensory nerve with the osteoseptocutaneous fibula free flap, bringing this potentially sensate flap into more common use. Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2000;2:252-255

Pressure-induced changes in fibular motor nerve conduction velocity and fibularis (peroneus) tertius muscle-evoked potentials in a goat model of the downer cow syndrome.

A study was conducted to determine the acceptable fibular motor nerve conduction velocity (NCV) in goats and to characterize pressure-induced changes in conduction velocity and muscle-evoked potentials (MEP). The acceptable motor NCV in the adult goat was determined to be 95.9 +/- 6.8 m/s. Limb compression in recumbent cows was modeled by application of external compression to the goat pelvic limb to increase IM pressure to a minimum of 50 mm of Hg. This pressure, when applied for a 6-hour period, caused a 30% to 100% reduction of fibular motor NCV and a 10% to 100% reduction of amplitude of MEP measured from fibularis (peroneus) tertius muscle. The reduction of motor NCV and MEP was associated with clinically evident limb dysfunction. The changes detected by the electrodiagnostic tests were proportional to the magnitude and duration of the locomotor deficits. The limb dysfunction was accompanied by muscular damage indicated by an increase of serum creatine kinase activity.

Normal values of F wave in lower extremities of 73 healthy individuals in Iran.

F wave latency has been shown to be a simple and valuable method in evaluation of proximal part of peripheral nerves. According to our previous study of F wave of upper extremity nerves (1), maximum normal F wave latency for the median nerve was 28 ms with stimulation at wrist and 25 ms with stimulation at elbow. These values for the ulnar nerve were 29 ms and 25 ms respectively. Maximum normal difference between right and left F wave latency with wrist stimulation was 2 ms for median nerve and 2.5 ms for ulnar nerve. Maximum normal difference between median and ulnar nerve F latency was 3.5 ms with stimulation at wrist. In this study we measured F wave of lower extremity nerves in 73 healthy individuals in Shiraz. Maximum normal F wave latency for tibial nerve was 55 ms with stimulation at ankle and 46 ms with stimulation at popliteal area. Maximum normal F wave latency for the peroneal nerve was 54 ms with stimulation at ankle and 47 ms with stimulation at fibular head. Mean F ratio for both nerves was 1.29 with stimulation at knee. Maximum normal difference in F wave latency between right and left lower extremities was 3.5 ms with stimulation at ankle and 3 ms with stimulation at knee for the peroneal nerve. These values were 3 ms and 2.5 ms for the tibial nerve respectively. Maximum normal difference in F wave latency between tibial and peroneal nerve was 4 ms with stimulation at ankle and 3 ms with stimulation at knee.

The value of inching technique in evaluating the peroneal nerve entrapment at the fibular head.

The peroneal nerve palsy at the fibular head is quite common but often difficult to diagnose both clinically and electrophysiologically. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the inching in mononeuropathy of the peroneal nerve at the fibular head. Recording from extensor digitorum brevis muscle the nerve was stimulated supramaximally at 1 cm intervals starting 2 cm distal and ending 8 cm proximal to the fibular head. Forty-six patients were examined: the inching was modified in 32 patients. In five of these the motor conduction using conventional method was normal, but the inching was normal or borderline in fourteen patients with reduced conduction velocity across the fibular head. Despite some limitations, the inching can be useful in evaluating patients with suspected palsy of the peroneal nerve at the fibular head.

[Fibular nerve compression due to an unusual cause. A case report]. / Kompression des Nervus peroneus communis mit ungewöhnlicher Ursache. Ein Fallbericht.

There are many factors causing a compression of the fibular nerve accompanied by a loss of function. We describe an unknown cause: a chronic low-grade infection after implantation of a knee endoprosthesis. Perforation of the capsule of the knee joint followed by discharge of polyethylene particles originating from the endoprosthesis. A granuloma developed which resulted in a compression of the peroneal nerve with sensomotor disabilities. Preoperatively we were not able to define the dignity of the tumour. Neurolysis was performed followed by excision of the tumour. The infection was treated by long term antibiotics without removal of the endoprosthesis. Histological examination revealed the definitive diagnosis.

[Nerve compression by mucoid pseudocysts: arguments favoring an articular cause in 23 patients]. / Compression nerveuse par pseudo-kyste mucoïde: à propos de 23 cas. Arguments en faveur de l'origine articulaire.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Mucoid pseudocysts are infrequent benign tumors which can develop on all peripheral nerves near joints. The origin of these cysts remains to be determined. We searched for arguments favoring an articular origin which would have an impact on management and risk of recurrence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-three patients (21 men and 2 women, mean age 38 years, age range 13-56 years) presented mucoid pseudocysts and were followed for a mean six years. The mucoid pseudocyst was located on the common fibular nerve at the neck of the fibula in 16 patients, on the tibial nerve at the knee in one, on the median nerve in one, on the ulnar nerve in one, and on the suprascapular nerve in two. Pain was local in 18 patients and irradiated to the concerned nerve territory in 20. Motor deficit was the inaugural feature in 17 patients. EMG was performed in all patients, ultrasound exploration in 15, computed tomography in 7 and magnetic resonance imaging in 10. All patients included in this series underwent surgery: pathological diagnosis of mucoid intra-neural pseudocyst was established in all. Systematic search for communication with the neighboring joint was performed in all cases. RESULTS: An articular communication was found in 17 patients. Mean time to recovery of muscle force (scored 5) and/or normal sensitivity was seven months in 17 patients. One patient did not achieve full recovery. Three patients experienced recurrence and required tibiofibular arthrodesis. DISCUSSION: Three theories have been proposed (cystic degeneration of schwannoma, degeneration of nerve sheath connective tIssue, and an articular origin). The articular theory appears to be the most probable. The presence of an articular pedicle in 60% of the patients, the anatomic juxtaposition between the nerves involved and neighboring joints, and occasional migration along the articular nerve as well as the cyst's mucoid content argue in favor of the articular theory. The notion of recurrence after complete minute excision is also in favor of an articular pathogenic mechanism. The diagnosis of mucoid cyst should be retained as a possibility in patients with rapidly progressive signs of nerve compression near a joint. It is important to search for articular communication before and during the surgical excision in order to limit the risk of recurrence.

Ultrasound and neurophysiological correlation in common fibular nerve conduction block at fibular head.

OBJECTIVE: Ultrasound (US) and neurophysiological examination are useful tools in the evaluation of common fibular mononeuropathy. There is only a report comparing US and electrophysiological parameters in patients with common fibular nerve (CFN) conduction block at fibular head. We investigated the correlation between US and neurophysiologic findings in this condition. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed patients with CFN assessed in our lab during last 2 years. Each patient underwent to clinical, neurophysiological and ultrasound evaluations. Cross sectional area (CSA) of CFN at fibular head was assessed. RESULTS: Twenty-four patients were included. Motor nerve conduction study showed a reduction of distal compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude in 10 patients (mean 1.3 mV). US showed an increased CSA in 10 patients. Statistical analysis revealed a strong correlation between the increased CSA and the CMAP reduction of CFN. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that usually US examination is normal in CFN conduction block at fibular head. However the association with axonal damage is frequently accompanied by an increase of CSA. SIGNIFICANCE: Ultrasound evaluation may represent a powerful diagnostic/prognostic tool in cases with CPN conduction block at fibular head because it usually shows normal pattern in pure conduction block and increase of CSA in associated axonal damage.

Estudio biométrico de la distribución de los ramos motores del nervio fibular superficial en el compartimiento lateral de la pierna en individuos brasileiros: implicancias clínicas y variaciones / Biometric study of the distribution of the motor branches of the superficial fibular nerve in the lateral compartment of the leg in Brazilian individuals: clinical implications and variations

El propósito del presente estudio fue conocer la distribución de los ramos motores del nervio fibular superficial (NFS) y de sus respectivas penetraciones en los músculos fibulares en relación al ápice de la cabeza de la fíbula, dividiendo el compartimiento lateral de la pierna en tres regiones a fin de hacer posible una visión más segura de sus correlaciones clínicas y quirúrgicas. A través de disección, se estudiaron 60 piernas pareadas de 30 cadáveres adultos, de ambos sexos, Brasileños, con edad promedio de 44,9 años, siendo 8 de sexo femenino y 22 del masculino. Después de la disección se registraron las distancias de los puntos de penetración de los ramos del NFS en los músculos fibular largo (mFL) y corto (mFC), localizándolos en los tercios proximal, medio o distal, según fuere el caso. Se observó que el mayor número de ramos penetraron en el mFL a nivel de la parte distal del tercio proximal de la pierna, mientras que en el mFC lo hicieron en las partes proximal y distal del tercio medio de la pierna. Los ramos motores para el mFL penetraban en el vientre muscular entre 48,06 y 141,56 mm, y los ramos para el mFC lo hicieron entre 163,34 y 209,67 mm del origen del nervio. No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas ni entre los lados derecho e izquierdo ni entre genéros. Independiente de las diferencias metodológicas entre los estudios disponibles, el detalle de la distribución nerviosa en este compartimiento, permitirá una mayor precisión en el momento de elegirse un área para colgajo de injerto autólogo y una menor chance de lesiones iatrogénicas durante cirugías de la región.

The purpose of the present study was to know the distribution of the motor branches of the superficial fibular nerve (SFN) and their respective motor points in the fibular muscles in relation to the apex of the head of the fibula, dividing the lateral compartment of the leg in three regions in order to make possible a safer view of your clinical and surgical correlations. Through dissection, 60 paired legs of 30 adult cadavers, of both sexes, Brazilians, with an average age of 44.9 years, 8 being female and 22 male, were studied. After the dissection, the distances of the motor points of the NFS branches in the fibularis longus (FLm) and brevis (FBm) muscles were recorded, locating them in the proximal, middle or distal thirds. It was observed that the largest number of branches penetrated the FLm at the level of the distal part of the proximal third of the leg, while in the FBm they did so in the proximal and distal parts of the middle third of the leg. The motor branches for the FLm penetrated into the muscular belly between 48.06 and 141.56 mm, and the branches for the FBm did between 163.34 and 209.67 mm of the origin of the nerve. There were no statistically significant differences between the right and left sides or between genres. Regardless of the methodological differences between the available studies, the detail of the nervous distribution in this compartment will allow a greater precision at the time of choosing an area for autologous graft flap and a lower chance of iatrogenic injuries during surgeries of the region.

[Neurovascular lesion after total hip arthroplasty in congenital hip dysplasia--case report].

INTRODUCTION: Nowadays, the total hip arthroplasty is a very frequent surgical intervention. In some cases, vascular and nerve injuries may happen around the hip with total hip arthroplasty. Although they are very rare, they may be very dangerous for the patient in some cases. This paper presents a case of a female patient, in whom the nervous fibularis lesion was detected after the total hip arthroplasty, and the occlusion of the iliac femoral artery was revealed later during physical therapy. CASE REPORT: We described a case of a 32-year-old female patient, in whom the nervous fibularis lesion was detected after the total hip arthroplasty. The patient was referred to a ward for physical therapy. On the 19th postoperative day, she felt a vigorous ache and numbness on the left operated leg during stimulation of the paretic fibular musculature. Clinically weak inguinal arterial pulse was detected. After the examination, iliac-femoral occlusion was diagnosed. The patient was referred to the vascular surgeon. In the next few months, she was treated conservatively and eventually underwent surgery. The revascularization was achieved with a satisfactory effect. A year after the total hip replacement, the patient continued with rehabilitation and physical treatment, which lasted one and a half month and had an incomplete functional result - the patient walked with a walking stick and had weak fibular musculature ofa severe degree. The vascular status of the leg was good. CONCLUSION: In this case, neurovascular lesions led to an incomplete functional recovery of the patient and compromised the expected treatment outcome. According to the scoring system used to assess the functionality, the result was marked as poor.