The influence of hematological profiles on the transfusion management and mortality risk of mothers presenting to the obstetric unit of a South African tertiary medical facility.

BACKGROUND: Laboratory results are frequently abnormal in pregnant mothers. Abnormalities usually relate to pregnancy or associated complications. Hematological abnormalities and age in pregnancy may increase the likelihood for transfusion and mortality. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Hematological profiles and transfusion history of pregnant mothers presenting to a tertiary hospital, were evaluated over 2 years. Age, anemia, leukocytosis and thrombocytopenia were assessed for transfusion likelihood. Iron deficiency and coagulation were assessed in transfused patients. Anemia, leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and transfusion were assessed for mortality likelihood. RESULTS: There were 12,889 pregnant mothers included. Mothers <19-years-old had the highest prevalence of anemia (31.5%) and proportion of transfusions (19%). The transfusion likelihood was increased in mothers with anemia (odds ratios [OR] = 6.41; confidence intervals at 95% [95% CI] 5.46-7.71), leukocytosis (OR = 2.35; 95% CI 2.00-2.76) or thrombocytopenia (OR = 2.71; 95% CI 2.21-3.33). Mothers with prolonged prothrombin times received twice as many blood products as their normal counterparts (p = .03) and those with iron deficiency anemia five times more blood products (p < .001). Increased likelihood for mortality was seen in patients with anemia (OR = 4.15, 95% CI 2.03-8.49), leukocytosis (OR = 2.68; 95% CI 1.19-6.04) and those receiving blood transfusion (OR = 3.6, 95% CI 1.75-7.47). DISCUSSION: Adolescence, anemia, leukocytosis and thrombocytopenia expose mothers to a high risk for transfusion and/or mortality. These risk factors should promptly trigger management and referral of patients. Presenting hematological profiles are strong predictors of maternal outcome and transfusion risk.

Influência de leucócitos e glicemia no prognóstico de pacientes com infarto agudo do miocárdio / Influencia de leucocitos y glucemia en el pronóstico de pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio / Influence of leukocytes and glycemia on the prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction

FUNDAMENTO: Estudos prévios demonstraram que a leucocitose e a hiperglicemia verificadas à admissão de pacientes com IAM (infarto agudo do miocárdio), estão correlacionadas com a mortalidade intra-hospitalar. Entretanto, pouco é sabido sobre o impacto desses marcadores a longo prazo. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a curto e longo prazos, a influência dos níveis de glicose e leucócitos no prognóstico de pacientes com IAM. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados, retrospectivamente, 809 pacientes (idade média 63,2 ± 12,87 anos) com IAM, incluídos de forma prospectiva e consecutiva em banco de dados específico. RESULTADOS: a) Na fase intra-hospitalar os valores médios aferidos foram comparados entre pacientes que morreram ou sobreviveram: Leucocitose 12156±5977 vs 10337±3528 (p=0.004, 95 por cento IC= 976-2663); Glicose 176±105 mg/dl vs 140±72 mg/dl (p<0.001, 95 por cento IC= 19.4 - 52.6), respectivamente. b) No modo ajustado, o mesmo padrão foi verificado [valores de p: 0.002 (t-ratio 3.05), 0.04 (t-ratio 2.06), respectivamente]. c) Seguimento a longo prazo: a análise univariada revelou valores de P de 0.001 (t-ratio 3.3), <0.001 (t-ratio 4.16), respectivamente. Pela análise multivariada; P=0.001 (t-ratio 3,35), 0.08 (t-ratio 1,75), respectivamente. d) Após exclusão das mortes intra-hospitalares, os níveis leucocitários (P=0.989) e a glicemia (P=0.144) não permaneceram correlacionadas significativamente com mortalidade. O mesmo resultado foi verificado na análise multivariada. CONCLUSÃO: Níveis de leucócitos e glicemia à admissão de pacientes com IAM são excelentes preditores de mortalidade intra-hospitalar, e pobres preditores de óbitos a longo prazo.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated that leukocytosis and hyperglycemia verified at the admission of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are associated with intrahospital mortality. However, little is known on the long-term impact of these markers. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the short-and long-term influence of the levels of glucose and leukocytes on the prognosis of patients with AMI. METHODS: A total of 809 patients with AMI were retrospectively assessed (mean age: 63.2 ± 12.87 yrs) and prospectively and consecutively included in a specific database. RESULTS: a) At the intrahospital phase, the mean values were compared between patients that died and those who survived: Leukocytosis: 12156±5977 vs 10337±3528 (p=0.004, 95 percentCI = 976-2663); Glucose 176±105 mg/dl vs 140±72 mg/dl (p<0.001, 95 percentCI = 19.4 - 52.6), respectively. b) With the adjusted mode, the same pattern was observed [p values: 0.002 (t-ratio 3.05), 0.04 (t-ratio 2.06), respectively]. c) Long-term follow-up: the univariate analysis showed P values of 0.001 (t-ratio 3.3), <0.001 (t-ratio 4.16), respectively. The multivariate analysis showed P=0.001 (t-ratio 3.35), 0.08 (t-ratio 1.75), respectively. (d) After the exclusion of the intrahospital deaths, the leukocyte (P=0.989) and glucose levels (P=0.144) did not remain significantly correlated with mortality. The same result was observed at the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: The levels of glucose and leukocytes at the hospital admission of patients with AMI are excellent predictors of intrahospital mortality and poor predictors of long-term death.

FUNDAMENTO: Estudios previos demostraron que tanto la leucocitosis como la hiperglucemia verificadas cuando de la admisión de pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio (IAM), están correlacionadas con la mortalidad intrahospitalaria. Sin embargo, poco se sabe acerca del impacto de esos marcadores a largo plazo. OBJETIVO: Evaluar, a corto y largo plazos, la influencia de los niveles de glucosa y leucocitos en el pronóstico de pacientes con IAM. MÉTODOS: Se analizaron, retrospectivamente, a 809 pacientes (edad promedio 63,2 ± 12,87 años) con IAM, incluidos de forma prospectiva y consecutiva en banco de datos específico. RESULTADOS: a) En la fase intrahospitalaria se compararon los valores promedio obtenidos entre pacientes que murieron o supervivieron: leucocitosis 12.156±5.977 vs 10.337±3.528 (p=0.004, 95 por ciento IC= 976-2663); glucosa 176±105 mg/dl vs 140±72 mg/dl (p<0.001, 95 por ciento IC= 19.4 - 52.6), respectivamente. b) En el modo ajustado, se verificó el mismo estándar [valores de p: 0.002 (t-ratio 3.05), 0.04 (t-ratio 2.06), respectivamente]. c) Seguimiento a largo plazo: el análisis univariado reveló valores de P de 0.001 (t-ratio 3.3), <0.001 (t-ratio 4.16), respectivamente. Ya el análisis multivariado: P=0.001 (t-ratio 3,35), 0.08 (t-ratio 1,75), respectivamente. d) Tras la exclusión de las muertes intrahospitalarias, los niveles leucocitarios (P=0.989) y la glucemia (P=0.144) no permanecieron correlacionadas significativamente con la mortalidad. Igual resultado se verificó en el análisis multivariado. CONCLUSIÓN: Los niveles de leucocitos y glucemia al ingreso de pacientes con IAM resultan excelentes predictores de mortalidad intrahospitalaria, y pobres predictores de óbitos a largo plazo.