RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is a viral enteric disease of pigs. It affects all age classes of animals but lethality is mainly seen in suckling piglets. After its first appearance in England in 1971, Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has spread worldwide. While sporadic outbreaks prevailed in Europe, the disease had high impact in Asia. Following particularly severe outbreaks in 2011, high impact cases were also reported in the United States and neighboring countries in 2013. Subsequently, outbreaks were also reported in several European countries including Germany. These outbreaks were less severe. This case report describes a recent case of PED re-emergence in Germany and the sequence analyses of the causative PEDV. CASE PRESENTATION: In spring 2019 5 years after re-introduction of PED into Central Europe, a piglet-producer in northwestern Germany experienced an outbreak that affected sows, their suckling piglets, and weaners. After initial confirmation of PEDV by real-time RT-PCR, fecal material and small intestine samples from affected pigs were subjected to metagenomic analyses employing next-generation sequencing. Phylogenetic analyses showed high identities among the PEDV sequences obtained from samples of different animals and a close relation to recent strains from Hungary and France. Compared to the PEDV strains analyzed in 2014, genetic drift could be confirmed. Changes were mainly observed in the spike protein encoding S gene segment. In addition, metagenomic analyses showed multiple Picobirnavirus reads in all investigated samples. CONCLUSION: This case report shows that PEDV is still circulating in Europe. The causative strains are moderately virulent and are still closely related to the so-called INDEL strains reported previously in Europe, including Germany. However, a genetic drift has taken place that can be seen in a novel cluster comprising strains from Germany, Hungary and France in 2019. Relevance and impact of the detected Picobirna sequences need further investigations.
Assuntos
Infecções por Coronavirus/veterinária , Vírus da Diarreia Epidêmica Suína/genética , Vírus da Diarreia Epidêmica Suína/isolamento & purificação , Doenças dos Suínos/virologia , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/virologia , Surtos de Doenças/veterinária , Fezes/virologia , Feminino , Deriva Genética , Genoma Viral , Alemanha , Filogenia , Picobirnavirus/isolamento & purificação , Vírus da Diarreia Epidêmica Suína/classificação , Glicoproteína da Espícula de Coronavírus/genética , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Enteric viruses are responsible for waterborne and foodborne infections affecting a large number of people around the world. Picobirnavirus (PBV) is a highly versatile virus, detected in a wide range of hosts and has been reported to be associated with gastroenteritis in humans and animals. METHODS: Molecular screening of environmental water samples for PBV was performed over a period of two years from November 2016 to July 2018. The virus was detected by RT multiplex-PCR, nucleotide sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS: Out of 125 water samples, 1.6% (2 samples) tested positive for PBV. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that both PBV strains detected in this study belonged to PBV genotype II and most closely related to the human PBV genotype II reference strains previously detected in China, the Netherlands, and the USA. CONCLUSIONS: This study reports the first detection of PBV genotype II in environmental water in Thailand. Our result highlights the need for better sanitation and disposal of waste water within this area.
Assuntos
Água Doce/virologia , Picobirnavirus , Genótipo , Picobirnavirus/classificação , Picobirnavirus/genética , Picobirnavirus/isolamento & purificação , RNA Viral/análise , RNA Viral/genética , Tailândia , Microbiologia da ÁguaRESUMO
Picobirnaviridae is a family of viruses with bi-segmented (rarely unsegmented) dsRNA genomes comprising about 4.4 kbp in total, with small, non-enveloped spherical virions. The family includes one genus (Picobirnavirus) grouping three genetic clusters with high sequence variability, two defined by viruses infecting vertebrates and a third with viruses found in invertebrates. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the taxonomy of Picobirnaviridae, which is available at www.ictv.global/report/picobirnaviridae.
Assuntos
Picobirnavirus/classificação , Picobirnavirus/genética , Doenças dos Animais/virologia , Animais , Invertebrados/virologia , Picobirnavirus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/veterinária , Vertebrados/virologiaRESUMO
Picobirnaviruses (PBVs) are bisegmented viruses with a wide geographical and host species distribution. The number of novel PBV sequences has been increasing with the help of the viral metagenomics. A novel picobirnavirus strain, pbv/CHK/M3841/HUN/2011, was identified by viral metagenomics; the complete segment 1 (MH327933) and 2 (MH327934) sequences were obtained by RT-PCR from a cloacal sample of a diseased broiler breeder pullet in Hungary. Although the conserved nucleotide (e.g., ribosome binding site) and amino acid motifs (e.g., ExxRxNxxxE, S-domain of the viral capsid and motifs in the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase) were identifiable in the chicken picobirnavirus genome, the putative segment 1 showed low (< 30%) amino acid sequence identity to the corresponding proteins of marmot and dromedary PBVs, while segment 2 showed higher (< 70%) amino acid sequence identity to a wolf PBV protein sequence. This is the first full-genome picobirnavirus sequence from a broiler breeder chicken, but the pathogenicity of this virus is still questionable.
Assuntos
Galinhas/virologia , Picobirnavirus/genética , Picobirnavirus/isolamento & purificação , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/virologia , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/veterinária , Animais , Genoma Viral , Fases de Leitura Aberta , Filogenia , Picobirnavirus/classificação , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/virologia , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
Picobirnavirus (PBV) is a small, bi-segmented, double-stranded RNA virus. Taxonomically, the genus Picobirnavirus belongs to the Picobirnaviridae family. PBV infects a wide range of hosts and causes opportunistic infections, but its role in diarrheal disease remains unclear. To determine the prevalence and genetic diversity of porcine PBVs in Northern Thailand, 380 fecal samples collected from diarrheic and non-diarrheic piglets, raised in 22 pig farms, were tested for the presence of PBV. Reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR) was performed using primer sets specific to the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene. PBV was detected in 86 of 265 (32.5%) diarrheic piglets and in 26 of 115 (22.6%) non-diarrheic piglets. All the PBV strains detected in this study belonged to genogroup I and a high proportion of PBV-positive piglets were co-infected with group A rotavirus (RVA) and bocavirus (BoV). Phylogenetic analysis of representative genogroup I strains revealed remarkably high similarity between strains; these formed a monophyletic cluster with 97-100% sequence identity in the RdRp gene. The strains were also closely related to genogroup I PBV Chinese porcine strain. The findings indicate that PBV infection is common in piglets with and without diarrhea in Northern Thailand.
Assuntos
Diarreia/veterinária , Picobirnavirus/genética , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/veterinária , Doenças dos Suínos/virologia , Animais , Diarreia/virologia , Fezes/virologia , Filogenia , Picobirnavirus/classificação , Picobirnavirus/isolamento & purificação , Picobirnavirus/fisiologia , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/virologia , Suínos , TailândiaRESUMO
Picobirnaviruses (PBVs) have been recognized as one of the important causal viral agents of gastroenteritis in several animal species especially in young immunocompromised hosts. In this study, we report the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of porcine PBVs from North Eastern Hilly region of India. A total of 457 fecal samples from piglets were collected from local (n = 130) and cross (n = 327) breed piglets in different seasons for 2 years. All the samples were subjected to RNA-PAGE and RT-PCR analysis for detection of PBVs. A total of 4.59 and 11.15% samples were recorded as positive for PBVs by RNA-PAGE and RT-PCR, respectively. Rate of detection was higher from diarrhoeic animals (13.56%) compared to non-diarrhoeic (4.23%) animals. Higher prevalence rate was observed from unorganized farms (14.22%) compared to organized farms (8.0%) with slightly higher detection from cross breed (11.62%) compared to local breed (10.0%). Maximum cases of piglet diarrhea associated with PBVs were detected during summer (16.4%) and winter (14.39%) seasons compared to autumn (4.80%) and spring (6.45%). All the samples were positive for PBV genogroup I only. Based upon the sequence analysis, the isolates were unique and placed in separate clad and were not closely associated with any other Indian isolates of PBVs so far. Two isolates were closely related with one Chinese isolate recovered from sewage water. This is the first systematic study of prevalence of PBVs associated with piglet diarrhea.
Assuntos
Diarreia/virologia , Fezes/virologia , Picobirnavirus/genética , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/virologia , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia , Suínos/virologia , Animais , Clonagem Molecular , Gastroenterite/virologia , Índia/epidemiologia , Epidemiologia Molecular , Filogenia , Picobirnavirus/isolamento & purificação , Prevalência , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/epidemiologia , RNA de Cadeia Dupla/análise , Estações do Ano , Esgotos , Doenças dos Suínos/virologia , Microbiologia da ÁguaRESUMO
We conducted a viral metagenomics study in diarrheic free-ranging wolves in Portugal, revealing for the first time the presence of reassortant picobirnaviruses. These viruses shared identical capsid segments together with diverse RNA-dependent RNA polymerase segments. Even though causality between these picobirnaviruses and diarrhea could not be established, the study nonetheless confirms for the first time that wolves are a potential reservoir for picobirnaviruses, which might play a role as enteric pathogens.
Assuntos
Variação Genética , Picobirnavirus/genética , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/veterinária , Vírus Reordenados/genética , Lobos/virologia , Animais , Metagenômica , Picobirnavirus/isolamento & purificação , Portugal , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/virologia , Vírus Reordenados/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Picobirnaviruses (PBVs) infect humans and a wide range of animals and may cause diarrhea. The aim of this study was to investigate PBV infection and its association with diarrhea. Here, seven PBV RT-PCR-positive fecal samples from diarrheic children and four fecal samples from healthy children as controls were analyzed by viral metagenomics. The results indicated that all the seven diarrheic fecal samples contain high titers of PBV sequences, while three of the controls were negative, and one had low titers of PBV. Three of the diarrheic fecal samples were also positive for other viruses, including anellovirus, human gyrovirus, human parechovirus, and porcine stool-associated circular virus. PBV sequences from the seven patients were assembled, generating seven large contigs with the complete ORF of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Phylogenetic analysis of the amino acid sequences of RdRp indicated that the seven PBVs in the present study belonged to three different genogroups. Our data suggest that PBV might have been the cause of diarrhea in these seven children.
Assuntos
Diarreia/virologia , Fezes/virologia , Genoma Viral , Picobirnavirus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/virologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , China/epidemiologia , Diarreia/epidemiologia , Humanos , Metagenômica , Filogenia , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Picobirnavirus (PBV) belongs to the family Picobirnaviridae. Picobirnaviruses contain a bisegmented dsRNA genome that is non-enveloped. A total of 85 pooled faecal samples were collected from the poultry of 37 farms from the Metropolitan Mesoregion of Belém (MMB), Pará state, Brazil. The viral RNA from each sample was analysed by PAGE and reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). For each county affected, at least one positive sample was selected, cloned and sequenced. The samples showed a positivity of 15.3â% (13/85) by PAGE and 49.4â% (42/85) by RT-PCR. Sequencing of these strains demonstrated a considerable RdRp gene heterogeneity that ranged from 56.1 to 100â% at the nucleotide level compared with prototypes of different species and water sewage, and from 50.3 to 100â% among themselves. Avian picobirnavirus (AvPBV) was detected in MMB broiler farms and showed a heterogeneous relationship with the prototypes used. This report includes what is believed to be the first gene sequencing of AvPBV in Brazilian broiler chickens.
Assuntos
Picobirnavirus/genética , Picobirnavirus/isolamento & purificação , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/epidemiologia , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/virologia , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/veterinária , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Galinhas , Fezes/virologia , Genoma Viral , Genótipo , Epidemiologia Molecular , Filogenia , Picobirnavirus/classificação , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/epidemiologia , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/virologiaRESUMO
The full-length genome sequence of a porcine picobirnavirus (PBV) detected in Italy in 2004 was determined. The smaller (S) genome segment was 1730 nt, coding for a putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Two distinct subpopulations of larger (L) genome segment (LA and LB) were identified in the sample, with the sizes ranging from 2351 to 2666 nt. The ORF1, coding for a protein of unknown function, contained a variable number of repetitions of the ExxRxNxxxE motif. The capsid protein-coding ORF2 spanned nt 810-2447 in the LB variants and started at nt 734 in the LA variants. However, a termination codon was present only in one of all the LA segment variants. Three-dimensional modelling of the porcine PBV capsids suggested structural differences in the protruding domain, tentatively involved as antigens in the humoral immune response. Altogether, these findings suggest the simultaneous presence of two different PBV strains sharing the same S segment but displaying genetically diverse L segments. In addition, the sample probably contained a mixture of PBVs with aberrant RNA replication products. Altered structure in the L segments could be tolerated and retained in the presence of functionally integer-cognate genes and represents a mechanism of virus diversification.
Assuntos
Variação Antigênica , Variação Genética , Genoma Viral , Picobirnavirus/genética , Picobirnavirus/imunologia , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/veterinária , Animais , Antígenos Virais/genética , Antígenos Virais/imunologia , Análise por Conglomerados , Itália , Modelos Moleculares , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , Picobirnavirus/classificação , Picobirnavirus/isolamento & purificação , Conformação Proteica , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/virologia , RNA Viral/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Suínos , Proteínas Virais/química , Proteínas Virais/genéticaRESUMO
We describe the metagenomics-derived feline enteric virome in the faeces of 25 cats from a single shelter in California. More than 90â% of the recognizable viral reads were related to mammalian viruses and the rest to bacterial viruses. Eight viral families were detected: Astroviridae, Coronaviridae, Parvoviridae, Circoviridae, Herpesviridae, Anelloviridae, Caliciviridae and Picobirnaviridae. Six previously known viruses were also identified: feline coronavirus type 1, felid herpes 1, feline calicivirus, feline norovirus, feline panleukopenia virus and picobirnavirus. Novel species of astroviruses and bocaviruses, and the first genome of a cyclovirus in a feline were characterized. The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase region from four highly divergent partial viral genomes in the order Picornavirales were sequenced. The detection of such a diverse collection of viruses shed within a single shelter suggested that such animals experience robust viral exposures. This study increases our understanding of the viral diversity in cats, facilitating future evaluation of their pathogenic and zoonotic potentials.
Assuntos
Gatos/virologia , Genoma Viral , Anelloviridae/genética , Anelloviridae/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Astroviridae/genética , Astroviridae/isolamento & purificação , Bocavirus/genética , Bocavirus/isolamento & purificação , Caliciviridae/genética , Caliciviridae/isolamento & purificação , California , Circoviridae/genética , Circoviridae/isolamento & purificação , Fezes/virologia , Peixes/virologia , Variação Genética , Herpesviridae/genética , Herpesviridae/isolamento & purificação , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Vírus de Insetos/genética , Metagenômica , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Parvoviridae/genética , Parvoviridae/isolamento & purificação , Filogenia , Picobirnavirus/genética , Picobirnavirus/isolamento & purificação , Vírus de Plantas/genética , RNA Polimerase Dependente de RNA/genética , Proteínas Virais/genéticaRESUMO
In this study, a total of 187 stool specimens were collected from a pig farm in Hunan province of China, from November 2011 to June 2012. 39 (20.9 %) stool specimens were positive for picobirnaviruses using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Among 39 stool specimens, 84.6 % (33/39) were identified to be genogroup I (prototype 1-CHN-97), 38.5 % (15/39) belonged to genogroup II (prototype 4-GA-91), and 23.1 % (9/39) of which showed the evidence of genogroup I picobirnavirus were also positive for genogroup II picobirnaviruses. Picobirnaviruses exist in pigs which were divided into five groups according to the age and physiological status. Nineteen representative strains of genogroup I picobirnaviruses and eleven strains of genogroup II picobirnaviruses detected in this study were selected to analyze their phylogenetic relationships with other picobirnaviruses reference strains. The phylogenetic tree analysis suggested the prevalence of multiple picobirnaviruses in pigs in China.
Assuntos
Picobirnavirus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/veterinária , Doenças dos Suínos/virologia , Animais , China , Fezes/virologia , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , Picobirnavirus/classificação , Picobirnavirus/genética , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/virologia , SuínosRESUMO
We discovered a novel otarine picobirnavirus in fecal samples of California sea lions. Its genome contains a large segment with two open reading frames (ORFs), ORF1 encoding a putative protein of 163 amino acids with unknown function and ORF2 encoding capsid protein, and a small segment with one ORF encoding RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
Assuntos
Genoma Viral , Picobirnavirus/genética , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/veterinária , RNA Viral/genética , Leões-Marinhos/virologia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Animais , Fezes/virologia , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Fases de Leitura Aberta , Picobirnavirus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/virologia , Proteínas Virais/genéticaRESUMO
The Picobirnaviruses (PBVs) have been detected in several species of animals from different countries worldwide, including in South America. The host range of these viruses has increased in recent years; thus, in order to contribute to the knowledge in this topic we analyzed samples from captivity animals from Uruguay. We found the presence of PBVs in four species of animals, Panthera leo, Panthera onca, Puma concolor and Oncifelis geoffroyi, representing new PBV-susceptible hosts. All strains belonged to genogroup I.
Assuntos
Felidae/virologia , Especificidade de Hospedeiro , Picobirnavirus/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Genótipo , Panthera/virologia , Filogenia , Picobirnavirus/genética , Picobirnavirus/patogenicidade , Puma/virologia , UruguaiRESUMO
Picobirnaviruses (PBVs) are small, non-enveloped, bisegmented double-stranded RNA genomic viruses of vertebrate hosts. Since their discovery in the late 1980s in clinical specimens from outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in children, significant efforts have been made to investigate the role of PBV in diarrheic diseases. PBV has been detected in sporadic episodes of diarrhea as sole pathogen or coinfection as well as in outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis and in immunocompromised patients with diarrhea. However, PBV is frequently detected in non-diarrheic healthy hosts, and prolonged shedding has been observed in some individuals. Of interest, similar patterns of PBV infection have also been observed in pigs and other animal hosts. The increasing amount of PBV sequence data gathered from molecular epidemiological studies has evidenced a great sequence diversity of PBVs in various hosts and environmental samples. Importantly, evidence has been found for genetic relatedness between human and animal PBV strains, suggesting extant crossing points in the ecology and evolution of heterologous PBV strains. At present, no cell culture and animal model exists for PBVs. Well-structured epidemiological studies are still the only alternative to demonstrate the potential etiological role of PBVs in acute gastroenteritis or other diseases. This review aims to analyze the public health aspects of PBV infection, especially its possible association with zoonosis.
Assuntos
Picobirnavirus/fisiologia , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/veterinária , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/virologia , Zoonoses/virologia , Animais , Humanos , Picobirnavirus/genética , Picobirnavirus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/epidemiologia , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/transmissão , Suínos , Zoonoses/epidemiologia , Zoonoses/transmissãoRESUMO
We previously reported the first detection of simian picobirnaviruses (PBVs) by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in fecal specimens of two monkeys with diarrhea in China. We now report the detection of genogroup I PBVs in 48% (44/92) of the fecal specimens by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) and amplicon sequencing using primers specific for the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDRP) gene. Molecular characterization of these 44 strains demonstrated both sequence conservation and diversity among simian PBVs and among simian, porcine, and human PBVs. We further determined full-length sequences of segment 2 of the two simian PBV strains, monkey/CHN-14/2002 and monkey/CHN-49/2002, and demonstrated 52.5% to 54.2% nucleotide sequence similarity to the corresponding gene of the bovine strain RUBV and the prototype human strain 1-CHN-97 of genogroup I PBVs and an even lower similarity (38.4%) to segment 2 of the prototype human genogroup II strain 4-GA-91. Further studies are needed to investigate the epidemiology and pathogenesis of PBVs in animals and humans.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Macacos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Macacos/virologia , Picobirnavirus/classificação , Picobirnavirus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/veterinária , Zoonoses/epidemiologia , Zoonoses/virologia , Animais , Bovinos , China , Fezes/virologia , Feminino , Variação Genética , Haplorrinos , Humanos , Masculino , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Picobirnavirus/genética , Prevalência , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/epidemiologia , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/virologia , RNA Viral/genética , RNA Polimerase Dependente de RNA/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Suínos , Proteínas Virais/genéticaRESUMO
A study aimed to determine the infection model that picobirnavirus (PBV) established in birds was conducted in a farm of greater rheas in Córdoba, Argentina. Analysis of stools collected during a longitudinal study involving seven birds provided evidence that PBV is acquired very early in life and establishes a persistent infection in the host, which is characterized by intermingled periods of high, low and silent viral activity. Genomic analysis indicated that the rheas excreted virus with nucleotide sequence identity between 90.5-100 % and that more than one PBV strain with different electropherotype profiles could be involve in the infection. This report provides the first evidence of persistent infection of PBV in birds. The natural history of PBV infection has begun to be understood, and it appears that asymptomatic PBV-infected mammals and birds could persistently excrete the virus in stool samples, contributing to wide circulation of the virus in the environment.
Assuntos
Doenças das Aves/patologia , Doenças das Aves/virologia , Picobirnavirus/patogenicidade , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/veterinária , Reiformes/virologia , Animais , Argentina , Coinfecção/veterinária , Coinfecção/virologia , Fezes/virologia , Genótipo , Estudos Longitudinais , Picobirnavirus/classificação , Picobirnavirus/genética , Picobirnavirus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/virologia , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
Sequence-independent amplification and specific reverse transcription PCRs identified genogroup I and II picobirnaviruses in respiratory tracts of pigs. These data expand knowledge of picobirnavirus diversity and tropism. Genetic relationships between porcine respiratory and human enteric picobirnaviruses suggest cross-species transmission of picobirnaviruses between pigs and humans.
Assuntos
Picobirnavirus/classificação , Picobirnavirus/genética , Sistema Respiratório/virologia , Sus scrofa/virologia , Animais , Sequência de Bases , China/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/transmissão , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/veterinária , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/virologia , DNA Viral/genética , Variação Genética , Hong Kong/epidemiologia , Humanos , Filogenia , Picobirnavirus/isolamento & purificação , Picobirnavirus/patogenicidade , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/epidemiologia , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/transmissão , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/veterinária , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/virologia , Infecções Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Infecções Respiratórias/transmissão , Infecções Respiratórias/veterinária , Infecções Respiratórias/virologia , Especificidade da Espécie , Sri Lanka/epidemiologia , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Suínos/virologia , Zoonoses/epidemiologia , Zoonoses/transmissão , Zoonoses/virologiaRESUMO
Picobirnaviruses (PBV) are small, non-enveloped viruses with a bisegmented double-stranded RNA genome. In this study a PBV strain, PBV/Horse/India/BG-Eq-3/2010, was identified in the faeces of a 10 month old weaned female foal with diarrhoea in January 2010 from Kolkata, India. Surprisingly, sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis of a short stretch of the RNA dependent RNA polymerase gene revealed close genetic relatedness (> 98% nucleotide identity) to a human genogroup I PBV strain (Hu/GPBV1) detected earlier from the same part of India. Our observations together with earlier findings on genetic relatedness between human and animal PBV warrant further studies on zoonotic potential.
Assuntos
Diarreia/veterinária , Doenças dos Cavalos/virologia , Picobirnavirus/genética , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/veterinária , RNA Polimerase Dependente de RNA/genética , Proteínas Virais/genética , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Diarreia/virologia , Reservatórios de Doenças/virologia , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida/veterinária , Fezes/virologia , Feminino , Cavalos , Humanos , Índia , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , Picobirnavirus/isolamento & purificação , Picobirnavirus/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/complicações , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/virologia , RNA Polimerase Dependente de RNA/química , RNA Polimerase Dependente de RNA/metabolismo , Proteínas Virais/química , Proteínas Virais/metabolismoRESUMO
The present study describes detection of picobirnavirus (PBV) in faecal samples from bovine and buffalo calves employing the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). A total of 136 faecal samples from buffalo (n = 122) and cow calves (n = 14) exhibiting clinical signs of diarrhoea and from healthy calves were collected during 2007-2010 from subtropical (central India) and tarai area of western temperate Himalayan foothills (Uttarakhand). The dsRNA nature of the virus was confirmed by nuclease treatment (RNase A, RNaseT1 and DNase 1). PAGE results confirmed 3.67% (5/136) positivity for PBV, showing a typical genomic migration pattern with two discrete bands with size of approximately 2.4 and 1.7 kbps for the larger and smaller segments, respectively. Among the five PBV samples identified, three were from buffalo calves and one from cow calf exhibiting clinical signs of acute diarrhoea, while one sample from non-diarrhoeic buffalo calf also showed the presence of PBV. None of the samples showed dual infection of rotavirus and PBV. The preliminary findings indicate sporadic incidences of PBV in bovine calves and emphasize the need for the development of better diagnostics for early detection and genetic characterization of these emerging isolates of farm animals of economic significance.