Influencia de los factores psicosociales en adolescentes con Diabetes Mellitus tipo I / Influência de fatores psicossociais em adolescentes que sofrem de Diabetes Mellitus tipo I / Influence of psychosocial factors in adolescents suffering from Diabetes Mellitus type I

Durante la adolescencia se presentan multitud de factores psicosociales que pueden alterar el proceso de desarrollo hacia la edad adulta. En adolescentes que además padecen Diabetes Mellitus tipo I, este desarrollo se complica muchísimo más, provocando afectación al mantenimiento adecuado de esta enfermedad crónica. Objetivo: Conocer la influencia de los factores psicosociales sobre el control de la Diabetes Mellitus en la adolescencia. Metodología: Se realiza una revisión bibliográfica en las bases de datos PubMed, CINAHL, Scielo, CUIDEN, Índice Médico Español, Dialnet, además de Google Académico y otras web de organizaciones especializadas, seleccionando los artículos de investigación de los últimos 10 años como criterio de inclusión principal. Resultados-Discusión: Como resultados encontramos como resultados ocho factores principales que influyen en el control de la Diabetes en adolescentes, que son la familia, los amigos, la ansiedad y la depresión, la dieta y alimentación, el estrés, el autoestima, el desarrollo cognitivo y la cultura y religiosidad. Conclusión: Obtenemos que se deben tener en cuenta, no sólo los factores físicos y biológicos, sino todos los aspectos psicológicos y sociales que también rodean al adolescente. El enfermero debe tener presentes estos factores al tratar con adolescentes, ya que pueden ser éstos los causantes de su desajuste de glucosa en sangre, por lo que siempre es necesario valorar al paciente desde un punto de vista holístico e intervenir en consonancia (AU)

During adolescence many psychosocial factors that can alter the development process to adulthood are presented. In addition adolescents with diabetes mellitus type I, this development is far more complicated, causing impairment of the proper maintenance of this chronic disease. Objective: To know the influence of psychosocial factors on the control of Diabetes Mellitus in adolescence. Methodology: One literature review was performed on PubMed, CINAHL, Scielo, CUIDEN, Spanish Medical Index, Dialnet, in addition to Google Scholar data and other specialized organizations website, selecting research articles of the last 10 years as the primary inclusion. Results-Discussion: As results are eight main factors that influence the control of diabetes in adolescents, they are family, friends, anxiety and depression, diet and nutrition, stress, self-esteem, cognitive development and culture and religion . Conclusion: Must be taken into account not only the physical and biological factors, but all the psychological and social aspects that also surround the teenager. Nurses should be aware of these factors when dealing with adolescents, since they can be the cause of your imbalance of blood glucose, so it is always necessary to assess the patient from a holistic point of view and to act accordingly (AU)

Durante a adolescência muitos fatores psicossociais que podem alterar o processo de desenvolvimento até a idade adulta são apresentados. Em adição adolescentes com diabetes mellitus tipo I, este desenvolvimento é muito mais complicado, causando comprometimento da manutenção adequada dessa doença crônica. Objetivos: Conhecer a influência de fatores psicossociais no controle do Diabetes Mellitus na adolescência. Metodologia: Uma revisão da literatura foi realizada no PubMed, CINAHL, Scielo, CUIDEN, Índice de Medicina espanhol, Dialnet, além de dados do Google Acadêmico e outras organizações especializadas website, selecionando artigos dos últimos 10 anos de investigação como a inclusão primário . Resultados-Discussão: Como resultados são oito principais fatores que influenciam o controle do diabetes em adolescentes, eles são família, amigos, ansiedade e depressão, dieta e nutrição, stress, autoestima, o desenvolvimento cognitivo e cultura e religião . Conclusão: Em conclusão obtemos que deve ser levado em conta não apenas os fatores físicos e biológicos, mas todos os aspectos psicológicos e sociais que também envolvem o adolescente. Enfermeiros devem estar cientes desses fatores quando se trata de adolescentes, uma vez que podem ser a causa de seu desequilíbrio de glicose no sangue, por isso é sempre necessário avaliar o paciente de um ponto de vista holístico e agir em conformidade (AU)

Psychometric properties of the reading comprehension test ECOMPLEC. Sec / Propiedades psicométricas de la prueba de compresión lectora ECOMPLEC.SEC

ANTECEDENTES: en ciencias sociales, del comportamiento y de salud es habitual usar tests breves. El tamaño del test puede afectar a la correcta identificación de ítems con DIF. Este trabajo compara la eficacia relativa de la Regresión Logística Discriminante (RLD) e IRTLRDIF en la detección del DIF en tests cortos politómicos. MÉTODO: se diseñó un estudio de simulación. Se manipuló tamaño del test, tamaño de la muestra, cantidad DIF y número de categorías de respuesta al ítem. Se evaluó el Error Tipo I y la potencia. RESULTADOS: en las condiciones de no-DIF IRTLRDIF y RLD mostraron tasas de Error Tipo I cercanas al nivel nominal. En tests con DIF las tasas de Error Tipo I dependieron del tamaño del test, de la muestra, cantidad de DIF, contaminación del test y número de categorías del ítem. RLD presentó mayor tasa de Error Tipo I que IRTLRDIF. La potencia estuvo afectada por la cantidad de DIF y tamaño de la muestra. En tests muy cortos RLD mostró mayor potencia que IRTLRDIF. CONCLUSIONES: en tests cortos y con DIF las tasas de Error Tipo I fueron elevadas. La potencia de IRTLRDIF y RLD fue relativamente baja en tests cortos y tamaños muestrales pequeños BACKGROUND: COOMPLEC.Sec is a reading comprehension test for secondary students, conceived from a multidimensional perspective in line with large-scale educational surveys such as PISA or PIRLS. The objective of this study was to validate the theoretical model of ECOMPLEC.Sec. A bifactor model that postulates the existence of a general reading comprehension factor and three specific factors provided a good fit to the data. METHOD: 1,912 adolescents (13-18 years) participated in this study. Data analysis included construct validity via confirmatory factor analysis, and factors were regressed onto observed covariates for the interpretation of the constructs. Reliability was calculated from a non-linear SEM in order to justify the interpretability of the observed scale and subscale scores. RESULTS: the bifactor model exhibited a significantly better fit to the data than the second-order model. Furthermore, construct validity analysis suggests the existence of specific reading comprehension factors. Finally, the reliability study also supports the idea of using a total score to obtain a measure of reading comprehension. CONCLUSIONS: ECOMPLEC.Sec displays a valid parsimonious factor structure, as well as metric properties that make it a suitable tool to assess reading comprehension

ANTECEDENTES: ECOMPLEC.Sec es una prueba de comprensión lectora para estudiantes de Secundaria concebido desde una perspectiva multidimensional en consonancia con las pruebas educativas de gran escala como PISA o PIRLS. El objetivo de este estudio fue la validación del modelo teórico de ECOMPLEC.Sec. Un modelo bifactorial que presupone la existencia de un factor general de comprensión lectora y tres factores específicos ajustó adecuadamente a los datos. MÉTODO: 1.912 adolescentes (edades entre 13-18 años) participaron en este estudio. Los análisis estadísticos incluyen un análisis factorial confirmatorio cuyos factores se predicen por cuatro covariables con el fin de aportar significado a los constructos. La fiabilidad se abordó desde un modelo no lineal SEM para ayudar en la interpretación de las puntuaciones observadas de las escalas y subescalas. RESULTADOS: el modelo bifactorial exhibió un ajuste significativamente mejor que el modelo factorial de segundo orden. Las evidencias de validez de constructo apuntan a la existencia de factores específicos de comprensión lectora. CONCLUSIONES: ECOMPLEC.Sec muestra una estructura factorial parsimoniosa junto con unas propiedades psicométricas que hacen de ella una prueba adecuada para evaluar la comprensión lectora

Apego romántico en adolescentes maltratados en su niñez / Romantic attachment of adolescents abuse in childhood

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The aim of this study was to examine whether maltreatment experiences in childhood influence romantic attachment style in adolescence. The study included 54 adolescent who had suffered serious family maltreatment, who were separated from their biological families and were in residential care, 63 adolescents who had suffered moderated maltreatment and who were living with their biological families under treatment, and 139 nonmaltreated adolescents. Results indicated that those who have been maltreated during childhood show greater use of avoidance romantic attachment strategy. However, no differences were found in the anxious dimension of attachment. Results are discussed in relation to the normative trends of the attachment models and attachment styles identified in adolescence, and according to the available evidence on the relationship between child maltreatment and romantic attachment styles in this developmental stage. Also, some implications for the therapeutic interventions with maltreated adolescents in their childhood are discussed (AU)

Drogas recreativas actuales: ¿podemos hacer más para prevenir su consumo en los adolescentes? / Current recreational drugs: can we do more to prevent its use in teens?

En la prevención del consumo de drogas en los adolescentes, además de reclamar a nuestras autoridades medidas eficaces de control de la oferta, la clave está en una mayor implicación de los padres, los docentes y los profesionales sanitarios, tres pilares que contribuyen a reforzar la información y la resiliencia del adolescente y, por tanto, su capacidad para decidir. Se proponen unas pautas para mejorar desde estas perspectivas y se realiza una descripción de las drogas recreativas de actualidad (AU)

In the prevention of drug use among adolescents, in addition to our authorities claim effective control of supply, the key lies in greater involvement of parents, teachers and health professionals, three pillars that help to strengthen the information and resilience adolescent, and therefore its ability to decide. Guidelines are proposed to improve from these perspectives and a description of current recreational drugs is performed (AU)

Prevalencia y funciones de los pensamientos y conductas autoagresivas en una muestra de adolescentes evaluados en consultas externas de salud mental / Prevalence and functions of self-injurious thoughts and behaviors in a sample of Spanish adolescents assessed in mental health outpatient departments

Introducción. Las conductas suicidas y autoagresivas de los adolescentes suponen un importante problema de salud pública. Sin embargo, se desconoce en nuestro medio la prevalencia y funciones de la ideación así como de las conductas suicidas y autoagresivas en la población adolescente atendida en salud mental. Métodos. Un total de 267 adolescentes de entre 11 y 18 años fueron reclutados de las consultas ambulatorias del Servicio de Psiquiatría de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz del 1 de noviembre de 2011 al 31 de octubre de 2012. Se administró a todos los pacientes la Escala de Pensamientos y Conductas Autolesivas que evalúa la presencia, frecuencia y características de la ideación suicida, la planificación suicida, los gestos de suicidio, los intentos de suicidio y las autolesiones sin intención suicida. Resultados. Un 20,6% de los adolescentes afirmaron haber tenido ideación suicida; un 2,2% planes suicidas; un 9,4% gestos suicidas; un 4,5% intentos de suicidio y un 21,7% autolesiones al menos una vez a lo largo de su vida. El 47,6% de los adolescentes refirieron haber tenido a lo largo de su vida al menos una de las conductas estudiadas y el 47,2% de ellos señalaron 2 ó más de estas conductas. Con relación a la función atribuida a las conductas examinadas, la mayor parte se realizaron con la intención de regular emociones, a excepción de los gestos suicidas (que mostró una función relacionada con el contexto social). Conclusiones. Dadas las elevadas cifras en población clínica de prevalencia y comorbilidad, unido al conocido riesgo de transición de unas conductas autoagresivas a otras, se recomienda la evaluación sistemática y rutinaria de dichas conductas en los adolescentes atendidos en salud mental (AU)

Introduction. Suicidal and self-injurious behaviors in adolescents are a major public health concern. However, the prevalence of self-injurious thoughts and behaviors in Spanish outpatient adolescents is unknown. Methods. A total of 267 adolescents between 11 and 18 year old were recruited from the Child and Adolescent Outpatient Psychiatric Services, Jiménez Díaz Foundation (Madrid, Spain) from November 1st 2011 to October 31st 2012. All participants were administered the Spanish version of the Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Inventory, which is a structured interview that assesses the presence, frequency, and characteristics of suicidal ideation, suicide plans, suicide gestures, suicide attempts, and non-suicidal self-injury. Results. One-fifth (20.6%) of adolescents reported having had suicidal ideation at least once during their lifetime. Similarly, 2.2% reported suicide plans, 9.4% reported suicide gesture, 4.5% attempted suicide, and 21.7% reported non-suicidal self-injury, at least once during their lifetime. Of the whole sample, 47.6% of adolescents reported at least one of the studied thoughts or behaviors in their lifetime. Among them, 47.2% reported 2 or more of these thoughts or behaviors. Regarding the reported function of each type of thoughts and behaviors examined, most were performed for emotional regulation purposes, except in the case of suicide gestures (performed for the purposes of social reinforcement). Conclusions. he high prevalence and high comorbidity of self-injurious thoughts and behaviors, together with the known risk of transition among them, underline the need of a systematic and routine assessment of these thoughts and behaviors in adolescents assessed in mental health departments (AU)

Intervención en las habilidades sociales: efectos en la inteligencia emocional y la conducta social / Social skills intervention: effects on emotional intelligence and social behavior

El estudio tuvo dos objetivos: 1) evaluar los efectos de un programa de intervención para desarrollar habilidades sociales (comunicación, empatía, regulación emocional) en variables conductuales, cognitivas y emocionales; y 2) explorar si el programa afectó diferencialmente en función del sexo. La muestra se configuró con 148 adolescentes de 13 a 16 años (83 experimentales, 65 control). El estudio utilizó un diseño cuasi-experimental de medidas repetidas pretest-postest con grupos de control. Se administraron cuatro instrumentos de evaluación antes y después del programa: "Actitudes y estrategias cognitivas sociales" (Moraleda et al. 1998/2004), "Cuestionario de empatía" (Merhabian y Epstein, 1972), "Inventario de inteligencia emocional" (Bar-On y Parker, 2000) y "Cuestionario de estrategias cognitivas de interacción social" (Garaigordobil, 2000). Los ANCOVAs pretest-postest evidenciaron que el programa potenció significativamente (p < 0,05) un aumento de: 1) conductas sociales positivas (conformidad social, ayuda-colaboración, seguridad-firmeza); 2) la empatía; 3) la inteligencia emocional (intrapersonal, interpersonal, estado de ánimo); y 4) las estrategias cognitivas de interacción social asertivas. El debate plantea la importancia de implementar programas para fomentar el desarrollo socioemocional durante la adolescencia

This study had two objectives: 1) evaluating the effects of an intervention program to develop social skills (communication, empathy, emotional regulation) in behavioral, cognitive and emotional variables; and 2) exploring whether the program affects differentially by gender. The sample comprised 148 adolescents, aged 13-16 years (83 experimental, 65 control). The study used a quasi-experimental repeated measures pretest-posttest design with a control group. Before and after the program four assessment instruments were administered: Social Attitudes and Cognitive Strategies (Moraleda et al. 1998/2004), Empathy Questionnaire (Merhabian & Epstein, 1972), Emotional Quotient Questionnaire (Bar-On & Parker, 2000), and Questionnaire of cognitive strategies of social interaction. The ANCOVAs pretest-posttest confirmed that the program significantly stimulated (p< .05) an increase in: 1) positive social behaviors (social conformity, help-collaboration, self-assurance-firmness), 2) empathy, 3) emotional intelligence (intrapersonal, interpersonal, general mood), and 4) cognitive strategies of social interaction assertive. The discussion focuses on the importance of implementing programs to promote social-emotional development during adolescence

La publicidad de bebidas alcohólicas en España y su repercusión en la población adolescente / No disponible

Objetivos: El consumo de alcohol entre jóvenes es un problema de salud pública, condicionado en gran parte por los medios de comunicación y la publicidad. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar los mensajes publicitarios de alcohol difundidos en radio y televisión en España y conocer su potencial influencia en los adolescentes. Métodos: Análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo de la publicidad emitida en radio y TV, entre 1 de diciembre de 2006 y 9 de enero de 2007, a través de los siguientes pasos: seleccionar emisoras y canales TV; identificar y grabar la publicidad de programas de radio y TV dirigidos a los y las adolescentes; seleccionar y analizar los spots y cuñas radiofónicas. Las variables del estudio cuantitativo han sido: minutos dedicados a la publicidad de alcohol; análisis de audiencias en la población adolescente; y análisis del número de cuñas emitidas. La parte cualitativa se ha centrado en: marca y eslogan, público al que se dirige, estética, protagonistas del anuncio, valores que se transmiten, carga emocional del mensaje. Resultados: Se detectan 914 anuncios publicitarios de bebidas alcohólicas en TV. El 100% de los programas y eventos deportivos analizados presentan marcas de alcohol. El 26% de los spots y el 50% de las cuñas radiofónicas se dirigen específicamente a los jóvenes y todos muestran una imagen positiva del alcohol, valores de libertad, rebeldía y éxito. Conclusiones: Los adolescentes están expuestos a recurrentes mensajes positivos sobre el alcohol. La información y prevención son medidas claves para combatir la convivencia naturalizada con el alcohol

Objective: Alcohol drinking among adolescents is a problem of public health and it is highly conditioned by media and advertising. The objective of this study is to analyze Spanish television and radio alcohol advertising and promotions and to identify their potential influence on adolescents. Methods: A qualitative and quantitative analysis was made of radio and TV alcohol advertising, emitted between 1 December 2006 and 9 January 2007. The methodological steps were: channel and radio station selection; recording of radio and TV programmes directed to adolescents; selection and analysis of TV and radio spots. The variables in the quantitative analysis were: minutes of advertising, audience analysis in the young people; number of radio spots. The qualitative study referred to: brand and slogan, public to which it is directed, advertising protagonists, values and emotional content of the message. anuncio Results: There were identified 914 TV alcohol advertising. 100% of analyzed programs and sport events included alcohol advertise, with spots being the most usual strategy. 26% of spots were specifically directed to adolescents and all showed a positive image of alcohol. 50% of radio commercials sent values like freedom, diversion, social and sexual success. Conclusions: Adolescents are exposed to recurrent positive messages about alcohol, so information and prevention turn extremely important to reduce the naturalized image of alcohol drinking

Disociación psicomorga y somatomorfa en la infancia y adolescencia. a propósito de un caso / Somatoform dissociation in childhood and adolescence. A case report

A pesar de la mayor prevalencia en población infantil y adolescente de trastornos disociativos y conversivos, existen pocos casos en la literatura que realicen una descripción detallada de la biografía, la clínica y el encuadre psicoterapéutico con el que se ha trabajado. Se realiza una revisión de las características de estos trastornos en dicha población para posteriormente aportar un marco de intervención basado en las experiencias de trauma y apego, con especial hincapié en el procesamiento de las emociones (AU)

Despite the greater prevalence of dissociation and conversion disorders in childhood and adolescence, few reports including a detailed description of the case, the psychobiography and the psychotherapeutic formulation are available. The main features concerning these disorders for this population group are exposed. A trauma/attachment based psychotherapeutic intervention, with special emphasis in the emotion regulation role, is presented in this work (AU)

Estado de ánimo de los adolescentes y su relación con conductas de riesgo y otras variables / Mood of adolescents and its relation to risk behaviors and other variables

Introducción: la adolescencia es una etapa de la vida en la que se desarrollan nuevas capacidades mentales que permiten a los adolescentes construir sus propias ideas y adoptar estilos de vida. En este trabajo se describen los estados de ánimo y los factores relacionados. Métodos: se realizó una encuesta a una muestra de 2412 escolares de 13 a 18 años de edad de la provincia de Valladolid, matriculados en centros educativos con segundo, tercero y cuarto de Enseñanza Secundaria Obligatoria y primero y segundo de Bachillerato LOGSE. Se consideraron seis aspectos del estado de ánimo para clasificarlo como positivo o negativo. Se ha analizado, mediante un modelo de regresión logística, la asociación entre los estados de ánimo negativos y los factores sociodemográficos, económicos y las conductas de riesgo. Resultados: la frecuencia de estado de ánimo negativo fue del 14,9%, más alta en el sexo femenino -16,9% (odds ratio [OR]: 1,63; intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC 95%]: 1,23 a 2,15; p = 0,001)- y en los que cursaban segundo de Bachillerato -20,7% (OR: 1,95; IC 95%: 1,29 a 2,97; p = 0,002)-. Se ha encontrado asociación de estados mentales negativos con situaciones familiares distintas a la no convivencia con el padre, la madre y/o hermanos y con no tener trabajo remunerado el padre y la madre. También se relacionan con tener notas peores que la media, agobiarse por no tener conexión a Internet, acceso frecuente a fotos o vídeos de contenido sexual, robar, sentirse maltratado física o psicológicamente, haber sufrido acoso sexual o tener un peso por encima de lo normal. Como factores de protección estaría tener hermanos, siendo estadísticamente significativa la categoría de dos o más. Conclusiones: la prevalencia de problemas mentales en adolescentes observada en nuestro estudio es similar de manera global a otros trabajos y menor en el sexo femenino. Diversas variables sociodemográficas, económicas y conductas de riesgo se asocian a estados de ánimo negativos. La valoración de estos aspectos en la consulta puede ser útil para detectar adolescentes de riesgo (AU)

Introduction: adolescence is a stage of life where new mental abilities are developed and allow adolescents to build their own ideas and adopt different lifestyles. In this paper mood states and related factors are described. Methods: we surveyed a sample of 2,412 schoolchildren aged 13 to 18 years old in the province of Valladolid, studying 2nd, 3rd and 4th year of Secondary Education (ESO) and 1st and 2nd of High School. Six aspects of mood state were considered to be classified as positive or negative. The association between negative mood states and sociodemographic and economic factors and risk behaviors were analyzed using a logistic regression model. Results: the frequency of negative mood states was 14.9%, being higher in females 16.9% (OR: 1.63; IC 95%: 1.23-2.15; p=.001) and those studying second high school 20.7% (OR: 1.95; IC 95%: 1.29-2.97; p=.002). An association has been found between negative mental states and having different family situations, such as not living with both parents and/or brothers and not working neither the father nor the mother. This is also related to having worse grades than the average, being overwhelmed by not having Internet connection, frequently accessing to sexual content, stealing, feeling physical or psychologically mistreated, having suffered of sexual harassment or being overweight. Protective factors were having brothers or sisters, being statistically significant having two or more. Conclusions: the prevalence of mental health problems in adolescents has proved similar to what has been previously published and is lower in females. Several sociodemographic and economic variables and risk behaviors are associated with negative mood states. The assessment of these aspects at the doctor’s office can be useful for detecting adolescents at risk (AU)

Psychometric properties of the brief version of the social skills inventory for adolescents

The present study aimed to evaluate the evidence of internal structure and scores reliability of the Social Skills Inventory for adolescents - brief version (IHSA-Del-Prette). The following analyses were performed: (1) Exploratory Factor Analysis - EFA; (2) Confirmatory Factor Analysis - CFA; (3) Reliability; (4) Multigroup Analysis (invariance). The participants were 2,291 students of the Middle and High Schools, both sexes aged 12 to 17 years old divided into two sample groups: 1,172 participants in sample group 1 (collected 2006-2007) and 1,119 in sample group 2 (collected 2011-2012). The results of the EFA (group 1) support the four subscales structure (Self-control, Affective Approach, Empathy and Assertiveness) for 16 items (loadings > .30). The structure was confirmed by the CFA performed on the second group (CFI = .96, TLI = .95, RMSEA = .05, 90% CI [.04, .05], loadings > .50); and showed scalar invariance (samples 1 and 2) due to group and age, as well as partial scalar invariance due to gender (ΔCFI < .01; ΔNCI < .02). It was concluded the brief version of IHSA-Del-Prette presents psychometric properties for use in the Brazilian context (AU)

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Class anxiety in secondary education: exploring structural relations with perceived control, engagement, disaffection, and performance

The aim of this study was to assess the relationships between class-related anxiety with perceived control, teacher-reported behavioral engagement, behavioral disaffection, and academic performance. Participants were 355 compulsory secondary students (9th and 10th grades; Mean age = 15.2 years; SD = 1.8 years). Structural equation models revealed performance was predicted by perceived control, anxiety, disaffection, and engagement. Perceived control predicted anxiety, disaffection, and engagement. Anxiety predicted disaffection and engagement, and partially mediated the effects from control on disaffection (β = -.277, p < .005; CI = -.378, -.197) and engagement (β = .170, p < .002; CI = .103 .258). The negative association between anxiety and performance was mediated by engagement and disaffection(β = -.295, p < .002; CI = -.439, -.182). Anxiety, engagement, and disaffection mediated the effects of control on performance (β = .352, p < .003; CI = .279, .440). The implications of these results are discussed in the light of current theory and educational interventions (AU)

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Does gender moderate the relationship between callous-unemotional traits and physical aggression?

The study investigates the interaction effect of callous-unemotional (CU) traits and gender on physical aggression among Nigerian adolescents. Two hundred and ninety five (295) senior secondary school students who were between 14-16 years of age participated in the study. These participants included boys (152) and girls (143). They were selected from a public senior secondary school in Anambra a South Eastern State of Nigeria and all the participants were of Igbo ethnic group. The raw data for Callous-unemotional traits and Physical Aggression were collected using Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU) by Frick (2004) and Aggression Scale by Orpinas and Frankowski (2001) respectively. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation, and conditional process analysis (model number 1; Hayes, 2013). The results showed that gender correlated significantly with uncaring and physical aggression but did not correlate significantly with CU and callousness. The results further showed that gender, CU traits, uncaring and callousness subscales significantly predicted physical aggression. Gender also moderated the effect of CU traits and uncaring on physical aggression, but did not moderate the effect of callousness on physical aggression. The discussion focused on the ways of helping individuals with high level of CU traits to reduce aggression, also the limitations of the study, suggestions for further studies and the implications of the finding were highlighted (AU)

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Dimensionality of the inventory of parent and peer attachment: evaluation with the spanish version

Three studies aimed at developing the Spanish version of the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA; Armsden & Greenberg, 1987) and at analyzing its factor structure are reported. In Study 1, the Spanish translation of items and their content analysis was carried out via cognitive interviews. In Study 2, the three-factor structure proposed by authors was tested in a sample of 417 adolescents (270 girls and 147 boys) using confirmatory analysis, and indexes showed a suboptimal fit. A principal component analysis yielded one-dimensional structures in father, mother and peer versions, explaining 54.3%, 50.8%, and 50.8% of the variance respectively. On the basis of the factor loadings and of the item-total correlations, a shortened version of the inventory was created. Convergent validity was tested with measures of family climate, parenting socialization and self-esteem. In Study 3, the one-dimension structure was confirmed in a new sample of 604 adolescents (335 girls and 269 boys). Based on all factor analyses and convergent validity indices obtained, we conclude that the Spanish IPPA questionnaire reliably and validly assesses adolescent attachment using only a dimension of attachment security (AU)

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Adolescencia y educación sexual / Teens and sex education

Es ampliamente debatido entre los profesionales de salud mental el hecho de que no solamente los adolescentes que llegan a nuestras consultas requieren una buena educación sexual, sino que también sería beneficioso para los padres y/o tutores legales efectuar este tipo de consultas. Sin referirnos tanto a la práctica sexual en sí, a su mecánica o consumación del acto, sino a la formación que no se recibe a la hora de lidiar con ciertos temas con chicos y chicas adolescentes. ¿Por qué puede llegar a costar tanto aceptar que, mucho antes de los 17 años, poseen ya una sexualidad en pleno desarrollo? La respuesta podría ser tan sencilla, como afirmar que no se trata de enfocarlo desde el «hacer» sino desde el «sentir» y, este último terreno, parece ser mucho más pantanoso y complejo que el primero. El proceso de dirección del desarrollo sexual de nuestros niños y adolescentes comienza cuando estamos listos para crecer nosotros mismos en este sentido, para superar los conflictos, carencias, miedos e inseguridades propios. Será entonces cuando estaremos en condiciones de convertirnos en verdaderos y eficientes educadores y orientadores sexuales de los más jóvenes(AU)

It is widely debated among mental health professionals, among whom I include myself, the fact that not only teenagers who come to our clinics need good sex education, but that parents and / or legal guardians, often also it would be beneficial. I do not mean much to the sexual practice itself, the mechanics or completion of the act, as well as the training that is not received, when dealing with certain issues with young adolescents. Why can cost both accept that, well before age 17, have already fully developed sexuality? The answer could be as simple as saying that, it’s not on focusing on the «do» but, from the «feel» and the latter field seems to be much more muddy and complex than the first. The management process of sexual development of our children and teens, begins when we are ready to grow ourselves in this respect, to overcome conflicts, needs, fears and insecurities of their own. Only then, when we will be able to become true and effective sexual educators and counselors of the young(AU)

Capacidad aeróbica, felicidad y satisfacción con la vida en adolescentes españoles / Cardiorespiratory fitness, hapiness and satisfaction with life among spanish adolescents

Objetivos: Analizar la asociación entre capacidad aeróbica, felicidad subjetiva y satisfacción con la vida en adolescentes. Método: Participaron 388 adolescentes (207 mujeres) de 12-18 años de edad. La capacidad aeróbica se evaluó mediante el test de 20 metros de ida y vuelta. La felicidad subjetiva y la satisfacción con la vida se evaluaron mediante las escalas Subjective Happiness Scale y Satisfaction With Life Scale, respectivamente. Se midió el peso y la talla de los adolescentes y se calculó el índice de masa corporal (IMC). Los adolescentes indicaron el nivel de estudios de la madre. Resultados: Los análisis de regresión lineal mostraron que la capacidad aeróbica se asocia positivamente con felicidad subjetiva (ß no estandarizada = .09 ± .03, r = .128, p = .013) y satisfacción con la vida (ß no estandarizada = .31 ± .13, r = .118, p = .022), independientemente del sexo, IMC y estudios de la madre. Conclusión: Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que los adolescentes que tienen una mejor capacidad aeróbica también son más felices y tienen una mayor satisfacción con la vida. Hacen falta estudios de intervención para corroborar si un programa dirigido a la mejora de la capacidad aeróbica puede inducir también mejoras en los niveles de felicidad y satisfacción con la vida en adolescentes (AU)

Objectives: To analyse the interrelations among cardiorespiratory fitness, subjective happiness and satisfaction with life in adolescents. Method: The study was based on a total of 388 Spanish adolescents (207 females) aged 12-18. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by means of the 20-metre shuttle run test. Subjective happiness and satisfaction with life were assessed using the Subjective Happiness Scale and Satisfaction with Life Scale respectively. The adolescents’ height and weight were measured and their body mass index (BMI) calculated. They were asked to report the educational level of the mother. Results: The linear regression analysis showed that cardiorespiratory fitness was positively associated with subjective happiness (ß non standardized = .09 ± .03, r = .128, p = .013) and satisfaction with life (ß non standardized = .31 ± .13, r = .128, p = .022), regardless of the subjects’ sex, BMI, and educational level of the mother. Conclusion: These findings suggest that adolescents with a good level of cardiorespiratory fitness are happier and more satisfied with life. Intervention studies are needed to confirm whether an intervention programme aimed at improving aerobic performance might also lead to improvements in adolescents’ level of happiness and satisfaction with life (AU)

Psicosis atípica en la adolescencia y trauma crónico precoz. Tratamiento en hospital de día / Atypical psychosis in adolescence and early chronic trauma. Treatment in day hospital setting

La relación entre las vivencias traumáticas precoces y el desarrollo posterior de trastornos psicóticos ha sido descrita ampliamente, y está en proceso de ser estudiada en mayor profundidad. Con el presente caso clínico, queremos hacer una reflexión acerca de dicha relación, así como sobre la necesidad de abordar estos casos complejos con una perspectiva terapéutica integral como la que puede ofrecer el Hospital de Día (AU)

The association between early traumatic experiences and subsequent development of psychotic disorders has been widely described, and further studies are needed. With this case report, our aim is to discuss some aspects of this association, and the need for an integral therapeutic approach in these complex cases, as can be offered in a Day Hospital setting (AU)

Surviving childhood cancer: relationship between exercise and coping on quality of life

This research assesses Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in a Spanish sample of adolescent cancer survivors, and analyzes the relationship between HRQoL, coping styles and physical exercise. Forty-two survivors (12-19 years), who were >= 1 year of remission, completed standardized measures of HRQoL (CHIP-AE), coping strategies (ACS) and physical exercise (AECEF). Mean scores in all HRQoL domains were within normative values. Multiple regression analysis revealed that physical exercise and productive coping were related to higher HRQoL, whereas nonproductive coping was related to lower HRQoL. This sample of survivors reported good levels of HRQoL, which are mediated by coping styles and physical exercise (AU)

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Spanish adaptation of the expectancy questionnaire (EQ) about alcohol effects in adolescents / Adaptación española del Cuestionario de Expectativas (EQ) sobre los efectos del alcohol en adolescentes

Background: Alcohol-related expectancies are especially relevant in relation to alcohol consumption during adolescence. The main aim of this study was to adapt and translate into Spanish (Castilian) the Expectancy Questionnaire (EQ), and to study its psychometric properties in adolescents. Method: The sample was composed of 514 adolescents (57.20% female, mean age = 15.21; SD = .63) who completed the EQ and the alcohol consumption questionnaire AIS-UJI. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that an eight-factor model, grouped into two general factors of positive and negative expectancies, had acceptable fit indices. Cronbach’s alphas ranged from .75 to .96. Finally, the structural equation model showed that positive expectancies were positively related to alcohol use, whereas negative expectancies were negatively related to drinking. Conclusions: Results showed that the Spanish version of the EQ for adolescents is a valid and reliable questionnaire to measure expectancies about alcohol effects (AU)

Antecedentes: las expectativas sobre los efectos del alcohol es un factor especialmente relevante en el consumo de alcohol en la adolescencia. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue adaptar y traducir al castellano el Cuestionario de Expectativas (EQ), y estudiar sus propiedades psicométricas en adolescentes. Método: la muestra estuvo compuesta por 514 adolescentes (57,20% chicas, edad media 15,21; DT = ,63) que cumplimentaron la versión española del EQ y el cuestionario de consumo de alcohol AIS-UJI. Resultados: el análisis factorial confirmatorio mostró que un modelo jerárquico de ocho factores agrupados en dos factores generales de expectativas positivas y negativas presentaba índices de ajuste aceptables. Los alfas de Cronbach de las escalas fueron de ,75 a ,96. Finalmente, el modelo de ecuaciones estructurales mostró que las expectativas positivas se relacionaron positivamente con el consumo de alcohol y las expectativas negativas lo hicieron en sentido opuesto. Conclusiones: los resultados del presente trabajo indican que la versión española del EQ es un cuestionario fiable y válido para la evaluación de las expectativas sobre los efectos del alcohol en adolescentes (AU)

La comunidad terapéutica para los trastornos por uso de sustancias en adolescentes / The therapeutic community for substance use disorders among adolescents

El campo del tratamiento residencial del abuso de drogas entre adolescentes es un terreno por explorar en profundidad. Los pocos estudios con que se cuenta hasta la fecha provienen de muestras con unas características muy concretas, y que no permiten la generalización de resultados. Se pretende actualizar el conocimiento sobre el tratamiento en comunidad terapéutica y su efectividad, teniendo en cuenta el perfil de los jóvenes que acceden al mismo. Para ello se ha realizado una búsqueda en las bases de datos Medline, Psycinfo y Cochrane, incorporando, en una segunda fase, las referencias más relevantes. A pesar de las limitaciones metodológicas de los estudios, la comunidad terapéutica resulta eficaz en el tratamiento de adolescentes con problemas moderados o severos de consumo, que requieren una intervención intensiva, integral y prolongada. Para mantener los efectos beneficiosos al alta, y prevenir futuras recaídas, la continuidad asistencial resulta fundamental (AU)

The residential treatment of adolescent substance abuse is a growing interest area to explore in depth. Most of the few studies conducted to date have used very specific samples, so that the generalization of results is not possible. The aim of this study is to update knowledge about therapeutic communities and its effectiveness, taking into account the profile of young people admitted to treatment. A systematic review was conducted using Medline, PsycINFO and Cochrane Library databases. Additional references from the bibliographies of selected articles were also included to review. Despite the methodological limitations of the studies, the therapeutic community is effective in treating adolescents with moderate/severe drug consumption, who need an intensive, comprehensive and time-sustained intervention. To preserve the post-treatment benefits, and so as to prevent future relapses in drug use, continuity of care in community services is crucial (AU)