RESUMO
Clinical trials have identified ARID1A mutations as enriched among patients who respond favorably to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in several solid tumor types independent of microsatellite instability. We show that ARID1A loss in murine models is sufficient to induce anti-tumor immune phenotypes observed in ARID1A mutant human cancers, including increased CD8+ T cell infiltration and cytolytic activity. ARID1A-deficient cancers upregulated an interferon (IFN) gene expression signature, the ARID1A-IFN signature, associated with increased R-loops and cytosolic single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). Overexpression of the R-loop resolving enzyme, RNASEH2B, or cytosolic DNase, TREX1, in ARID1A-deficient cells prevented cytosolic ssDNA accumulation and ARID1A-IFN gene upregulation. Further, the ARID1A-IFN signature and anti-tumor immunity were driven by STING-dependent type I IFN signaling, which was required for improved responsiveness of ARID1A mutant tumors to ICB treatment. These findings define a molecular mechanism underlying anti-tumor immunity in ARID1A mutant cancers.
Assuntos
Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA , Interferon Tipo I , Proteínas de Membrana , Neoplasias , Transdução de Sinais , Fatores de Transcrição , Animais , Humanos , Camundongos , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/metabolismo , Exodesoxirribonucleases/metabolismo , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/farmacologia , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/uso terapêutico , Interferon Tipo I/metabolismo , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Mutação , Neoplasias/imunologia , Neoplasias/genética , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Fosfoproteínas/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Masculino , Quimiocinas/genética , Quimiocinas/metabolismoRESUMO
The organization of immune cells in human tumors is not well understood. Immunogenic tumors harbor spatially localized multicellular 'immunity hubs' defined by expression of the T cell-attracting chemokines CXCL10/CXCL11 and abundant T cells. Here, we examined immunity hubs in human pre-immunotherapy lung cancer specimens and found an association with beneficial response to PD-1 blockade. Critically, we discovered the stem-immunity hub, a subtype of immunity hub strongly associated with favorable PD-1-blockade outcome. This hub is distinct from mature tertiary lymphoid structures and is enriched for stem-like TCF7+PD-1+CD8+ T cells, activated CCR7+LAMP3+ dendritic cells and CCL19+ fibroblasts as well as chemokines that organize these cells. Within the stem-immunity hub, we find preferential interactions between CXCL10+ macrophages and TCF7-CD8+ T cells as well as between mature regulatory dendritic cells and TCF7+CD4+ and regulatory T cells. These results provide a picture of the spatial organization of the human intratumoral immune response and its relevance to patient immunotherapy outcomes.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Pulmonares , Humanos , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1 , Quimiocinas/metabolismo , Imunoterapia/métodos , Microambiente TumoralRESUMO
Lung-resident macrophages, which include alveolar macrophages and interstitial macrophages (IMs), exhibit a high degree of diversity, generally attributed to different activation states, and often complicated by the influx of monocytes into the pool of tissue-resident macrophages. To gain a deeper insight into the functional diversity of IMs, here we perform comprehensive transcriptional profiling of resident IMs and reveal ten distinct chemokine-expressing IM subsets at steady state and during inflammation. Similar IM subsets that exhibited coordinated chemokine signatures and differentially expressed genes were observed across various tissues and species, indicating conserved specialized functional roles. Other macrophage types shared specific IM chemokine profiles, while also presenting their own unique chemokine signatures. Depletion of CD206hi IMs in Pf4creR26EYFP+DTR and Pf4creR26EYFPCx3cr1DTR mice led to diminished inflammatory cell recruitment, reduced tertiary lymphoid structure formation and fewer germinal center B cells in models of allergen- and infection-driven inflammation. These observations highlight the specialized roles of IMs, defined by their coordinated chemokine production, in regulating immune cell influx and organizing tertiary lymphoid tissue architecture.
Assuntos
Quimiocinas , Macrófagos , Animais , Camundongos , Quimiocinas/metabolismo , Macrófagos/imunologia , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Pulmão/imunologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Inflamação/imunologia , Macrófagos Alveolares/imunologia , Macrófagos Alveolares/metabolismo , Especificidade de Órgãos/imunologia , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Camundongos Transgênicos , Estruturas Linfoides Terciárias/imunologia , TranscriptomaRESUMO
Sepsis induces immune alterations, which last for months after the resolution of illness. The effect of this immunological reprogramming on the risk of developing cancer is unclear. Here we use a national claims database to show that sepsis survivors had a lower cumulative incidence of cancers than matched nonsevere infection survivors. We identify a chemokine network released from sepsis-trained resident macrophages that triggers tissue residency of T cells via CCR2 and CXCR6 stimulations as the immune mechanism responsible for this decreased risk of de novo tumor development after sepsis cure. While nonseptic inflammation does not provoke this network, laminarin injection could therapeutically reproduce the protective sepsis effect. This chemokine network and CXCR6 tissue-resident T cell accumulation were detected in humans with sepsis and were associated with prolonged survival in humans with cancer. These findings identify a therapeutically relevant antitumor consequence of sepsis-induced trained immunity.
Assuntos
Macrófagos , Neoplasias , Sepse , Humanos , Sepse/imunologia , Macrófagos/imunologia , Feminino , Neoplasias/imunologia , Neoplasias/terapia , Masculino , Receptores CXCR6/metabolismo , Animais , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Receptores CCR2/metabolismo , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Camundongos , Idoso , Quimiocinas/metabolismo , AdultoRESUMO
Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines that control the migratory patterns and positioning of all immune cells. Although chemokines were initially appreciated as important mediators of acute inflammation, we now know that this complex system of approximately 50 endogenous chemokine ligands and 20 G protein-coupled seven-transmembrane signaling receptors is also critical for the generation of primary and secondary adaptive cellular and humoral immune responses. Recent studies demonstrate important roles for the chemokine system in the priming of naive T cells, in cell fate decisions such as effector and memory cell differentiation, and in regulatory T cell function. In this review, we focus on recent advances in understanding how the chemokine system orchestrates immune cell migration and positioning at the organismic level in homeostasis, in acute inflammation, and during the generation and regulation of adoptive primary and secondary immune responses in the lymphoid system and peripheral nonlymphoid tissue.
Assuntos
Quimiocinas/metabolismo , Imunidade/fisiologia , Receptores de Quimiocinas/metabolismo , Imunidade Adaptativa/fisiologia , Animais , Movimento Celular/imunologia , Homeostase , Humanos , Sistema Imunitário/citologia , Sistema Imunitário/imunologia , Sistema Imunitário/metabolismo , Imunidade Inata/fisiologia , Memória Imunológica , Inflamação/imunologia , Inflamação/metabolismo , Tecido Linfoide/citologia , Tecido Linfoide/imunologia , Tecido Linfoide/metabolismo , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/imunologia , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/metabolismoRESUMO
Immune responses to cancer are highly variable, with mismatch repair-deficient (MMRd) tumors exhibiting more anti-tumor immunity than mismatch repair-proficient (MMRp) tumors. To understand the rules governing these varied responses, we transcriptionally profiled 371,223 cells from colorectal tumors and adjacent normal tissues of 28 MMRp and 34 MMRd individuals. Analysis of 88 cell subsets and their 204 associated gene expression programs revealed extensive transcriptional and spatial remodeling across tumors. To discover hubs of interacting malignant and immune cells, we identified expression programs in different cell types that co-varied across tumors from affected individuals and used spatial profiling to localize coordinated programs. We discovered a myeloid cell-attracting hub at the tumor-luminal interface associated with tissue damage and an MMRd-enriched immune hub within the tumor, with activated T cells together with malignant and myeloid cells expressing T cell-attracting chemokines. By identifying interacting cellular programs, we reveal the logic underlying spatially organized immune-malignant cell networks.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Colorretais/imunologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Proteínas Morfogenéticas Ósseas/metabolismo , Fibroblastos Associados a Câncer/metabolismo , Fibroblastos Associados a Câncer/patologia , Compartimento Celular , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Quimiocinas/metabolismo , Estudos de Coortes , Neoplasias Colorretais/genética , Reparo de Erro de Pareamento de DNA/genética , Células Endoteliais/metabolismo , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Imunidade , Inflamação/patologia , Monócitos/patologia , Células Mieloides/patologia , Neutrófilos/patologia , Células Estromais/metabolismo , Linfócitos T/metabolismo , Transcrição GênicaRESUMO
Despite remarkable clinical efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in cancer treatment, ICB benefits for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remain limited. Through pooled in vivo CRISPR knockout (KO) screens in syngeneic TNBC mouse models, we found that deletion of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Cop1 in cancer cells decreases secretion of macrophage-associated chemokines, reduces tumor macrophage infiltration, enhances anti-tumor immunity, and strengthens ICB response. Transcriptomics, epigenomics, and proteomics analyses revealed that Cop1 functions through proteasomal degradation of the C/ebpδ protein. The Cop1 substrate Trib2 functions as a scaffold linking Cop1 and C/ebpδ, which leads to polyubiquitination of C/ebpδ. In addition, deletion of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Cop1 in cancer cells stabilizes C/ebpδ to suppress expression of macrophage chemoattractant genes. Our integrated approach implicates Cop1 as a target for improving cancer immunotherapy efficacy in TNBC by regulating chemokine secretion and macrophage infiltration in the tumor microenvironment.
Assuntos
Repetições Palindrômicas Curtas Agrupadas e Regularmente Espaçadas/genética , Imunoterapia , Macrófagos/enzimologia , Neoplasias/imunologia , Neoplasias/terapia , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases/metabolismo , Animais , Proteína delta de Ligação ao Facilitador CCAAT/metabolismo , Proteína 9 Associada à CRISPR/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Quimiocinas/metabolismo , Quimiotaxia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Biblioteca Gênica , Humanos , Evasão da Resposta Imune , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Proteólise , Especificidade por Substrato , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/imunologia , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/terapiaRESUMO
Most human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 recognize the spike (S) protein receptor-binding domain and block virus interactions with the cellular receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. We describe a panel of human mAbs binding to diverse epitopes on the N-terminal domain (NTD) of S protein from SARS-CoV-2 convalescent donors and found a minority of these possessed neutralizing activity. Two mAbs (COV2-2676 and COV2-2489) inhibited infection of authentic SARS-CoV-2 and recombinant VSV/SARS-CoV-2 viruses. We mapped their binding epitopes by alanine-scanning mutagenesis and selection of functional SARS-CoV-2 S neutralization escape variants. Mechanistic studies showed that these antibodies neutralize in part by inhibiting a post-attachment step in the infection cycle. COV2-2676 and COV2-2489 offered protection either as prophylaxis or therapy, and Fc effector functions were required for optimal protection. Thus, natural infection induces a subset of potent NTD-specific mAbs that leverage neutralizing and Fc-mediated activities to protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection using multiple functional attributes.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais/farmacologia , Anticorpos Neutralizantes/farmacologia , Substâncias Protetoras/farmacologia , Glicoproteína da Espícula de Coronavírus/química , Glicoproteína da Espícula de Coronavírus/imunologia , Animais , Ligação Competitiva , COVID-19/imunologia , COVID-19/virologia , Quimiocinas/metabolismo , Chlorocebus aethiops , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Fragmentos Fab das Imunoglobulinas/metabolismo , Imunoglobulina G/metabolismo , Pulmão/metabolismo , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Modelos Moleculares , Mutagênese/genética , Testes de Neutralização , Domínios Proteicos , Células VeroRESUMO
Acute psychological stress has long been known to decrease host fitness to inflammation in a wide variety of diseases, but how this occurs is incompletely understood. Using mouse models, we show that interleukin-6 (IL-6) is the dominant cytokine inducible upon acute stress alone. Stress-inducible IL-6 is produced from brown adipocytes in a beta-3-adrenergic-receptor-dependent fashion. During stress, endocrine IL-6 is the required instructive signal for mediating hyperglycemia through hepatic gluconeogenesis, which is necessary for anticipating and fueling "fight or flight" responses. This adaptation comes at the cost of enhancing mortality to a subsequent inflammatory challenge. These findings provide a mechanistic understanding of the ontogeny and adaptive purpose of IL-6 as a bona fide stress hormone coordinating systemic immunometabolic reprogramming. This brain-brown fat-liver axis might provide new insights into brown adipose tissue as a stress-responsive endocrine organ and mechanistic insight into targeting this axis in the treatment of inflammatory and neuropsychiatric diseases.
Assuntos
Tecido Adiposo Marrom/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Estresse Psicológico , Animais , Células da Medula Óssea/citologia , Células da Medula Óssea/metabolismo , Transplante de Medula Óssea , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Quimiocinas/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Gluconeogênese , Hiperglicemia/metabolismo , Hiperglicemia/patologia , Interleucina-6/sangue , Interleucina-6/genética , Fígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 3/metabolismo , Receptores de Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Proteína Desacopladora 1/deficiência , Proteína Desacopladora 1/genéticaRESUMO
Checkpoint blockade with antibodies specific for the PD-1 and CTLA-4 inhibitory receptors can induce durable responses in a wide range of human cancers. However, the immunological mechanisms responsible for severe inflammatory side effects remain poorly understood. Here we report a comprehensive single-cell analysis of immune cell populations in colitis, a common and severe side effect of checkpoint blockade. We observed a striking accumulation of CD8 T cells with highly cytotoxic and proliferative states and no evidence of regulatory T cell depletion. T cell receptor (TCR) sequence analysis demonstrated that a substantial fraction of colitis-associated CD8 T cells originated from tissue-resident populations, explaining the frequently early onset of colitis symptoms following treatment initiation. Our analysis also identified cytokines, chemokines, and surface receptors that could serve as therapeutic targets for colitis and potentially other inflammatory side effects of checkpoint blockade.
Assuntos
Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/citologia , Antígeno CTLA-4/imunologia , Colite/metabolismo , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/efeitos adversos , Imunoterapia/efeitos adversos , Células Mieloides/metabolismo , Receptores de Quimiocinas/metabolismo , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/citologia , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/metabolismo , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/patologia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/metabolismo , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/patologia , Antígeno CTLA-4/metabolismo , Quimiocinas/metabolismo , Colite/tratamento farmacológico , Colite/genética , Colite/imunologia , Citocinas/metabolismo , Citometria de Fluxo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/imunologia , Humanos , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Inflamação/genética , Inflamação/metabolismo , Melanoma/genética , Melanoma/imunologia , Melanoma/metabolismo , Família Multigênica , Células Mieloides/citologia , RNA-Seq , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos T/genética , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos T/metabolismo , Receptores CXCR3/genética , Receptores CXCR3/metabolismo , Receptores CXCR6/genética , Receptores CXCR6/metabolismo , Receptores de Quimiocinas/genética , Análise de Célula Única , Linfócitos T Reguladores/citologia , Linfócitos T Reguladores/metabolismoRESUMO
Tumor-associated macrophages are composed of distinct populations arising from monocytes or tissue macrophages, with a poorly understood link to disease pathogenesis. Here, we demonstrate that mouse monocyte migration was supported by glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase-like (QPCTL), an intracellular enzyme that mediates N-terminal modification of several substrates, including the monocyte chemoattractants CCL2 and CCL7, protecting them from proteolytic inactivation. Knockout of Qpctl disrupted monocyte homeostasis, attenuated tumor growth and reshaped myeloid cell infiltration, with loss of monocyte-derived populations with immunosuppressive and pro-angiogenic profiles. Antibody targeting of the receptor CSF1R, which more broadly eliminates tumor-associated macrophages, reversed tumor growth inhibition in Qpctl-/- mice and prevented lymphocyte infiltration. Modulation of QPCTL synergized with anti-PD-L1 to expand CD8+ T cells and limit tumor growth. QPCTL inhibition constitutes an effective approach for myeloid cell-targeted cancer immunotherapy.
Assuntos
Aminoaciltransferases , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos , Quimiocinas , Neoplasias , Aminoaciltransferases/genética , Aminoaciltransferases/metabolismo , Animais , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/patologia , Quimiocinas/metabolismo , Imunoterapia , Infiltração Leucêmica , Camundongos , Camundongos Knockout , Monócitos , Neoplasias/imunologiaRESUMO
Reduced infiltration of anti-tumor lymphocytes remains a major cause of tumor immune evasion and is correlated with poor cancer survival. Here, we found that upregulation of regulator of G protein signaling (RGS)1 in helper TH1 cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) reduced their trafficking to and survival in tumors and was associated with shorter survival of patients with breast and lung cancer. RGS1 was upregulated by type II interferon (IFN)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1 signaling and impaired trafficking of circulating T cells to tumors by inhibiting calcium influx and suppressing activation of the kinases ERK and AKT. RGS1 knockdown in adoptively transferred tumor-specific CTLs significantly increased their infiltration and survival in breast and lung tumor grafts and effectively inhibited tumor growth in vivo, which was further improved when combined with programmed death ligand (PD-L)1 checkpoint inhibition. Our findings reveal RGS1 is important for tumor immune evasion and suggest that targeting RGS1 may provide a new strategy for tumor immunotherapy.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/metabolismo , Quimiotaxia de Leucócito , Linfócitos do Interstício Tumoral/metabolismo , Proteínas RGS/metabolismo , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/metabolismo , Animais , Apoptose , Neoplasias da Mama/imunologia , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Neoplasias da Mama/terapia , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/imunologia , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/patologia , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/terapia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Quimiocinas/metabolismo , Técnicas de Cocultura , Citotoxicidade Imunológica , Feminino , Humanos , Imunoterapia Adotiva , Linfócitos do Interstício Tumoral/imunologia , Linfócitos do Interstício Tumoral/transplante , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Microscopia de Fluorescência , Microscopia de Vídeo , Proteínas RGS/genética , Transdução de Sinais , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/imunologia , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/transplante , Linfócitos T Citotóxicos/imunologia , Linfócitos T Citotóxicos/metabolismo , Células Th1/imunologia , Células Th1/metabolismo , Fatores de Tempo , Imagem com Lapso de Tempo , Células Tumorais Cultivadas , Evasão TumoralRESUMO
Diet profoundly influences physiology. Whereas over-nutrition elevates risk for disease via its influence on immunity and metabolism, caloric restriction and fasting appear to be salutogenic. Despite multiple correlations observed between diet and health, the underlying biology remains unclear. Here, we identified a fasting-induced switch in leukocyte migration that prolongs monocyte lifespan and alters susceptibility to disease in mice. We show that fasting during the active phase induced the rapid return of monocytes from the blood to the bone marrow. Monocyte re-entry was orchestrated by hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis-dependent release of corticosterone, which augmented the CXCR4 chemokine receptor. Although the marrow is a safe haven for monocytes during nutrient scarcity, re-feeding prompted mobilization culminating in monocytosis of chronologically older and transcriptionally distinct monocytes. These shifts altered response to infection. Our study shows that diet-in particular, a diet's temporal dynamic balance-modulates monocyte lifespan with consequences for adaptation to external stressors.
Assuntos
Medula Óssea , Monócitos , Camundongos , Animais , Células da Medula Óssea , Jejum , Quimiocinas/metabolismoRESUMO
Maladaptive, non-resolving inflammation contributes to chronic inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis. Because macrophages remove necrotic cells, defective macrophage programs can promote chronic inflammation with persistent tissue injury. Here, we investigated the mechanisms sustaining vascular macrophages. Intravital imaging revealed a spatiotemporal macrophage niche across vascular beds alongside mural cells (MCs)-pericytes and smooth muscle cells. Single-cell transcriptomics, co-culture, and genetic deletion experiments revealed MC-derived expression of the chemokines CCL2 and MIF, which actively preserved macrophage survival and their homeostatic functions. In atherosclerosis, this positioned macrophages in viable plaque areas, away from the necrotic core, and maintained a homeostatic macrophage phenotype. Disruption of this MC-macrophage unit via MC-specific deletion of these chemokines triggered detrimental macrophage relocalizing, exacerbated plaque necrosis, inflammation, and atheroprogression. In line, CCL2 inhibition at advanced stages of atherosclerosis showed detrimental effects. This work presents a MC-driven safeguard toward maintaining the homeostatic vascular macrophage niche.
Assuntos
Aterosclerose , Placa Aterosclerótica , Humanos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Aterosclerose/metabolismo , Placa Aterosclerótica/metabolismo , Quimiocinas/metabolismo , Inflamação/metabolismo , Necrose/metabolismoRESUMO
Although much is known about the physiological framework of T cell motility, and numerous rate-limiting molecules have been identified through loss-of-function approaches, an integrated functional concept of T cell motility is lacking. Here, we used in vivo precision morphometry together with analysis of cytoskeletal dynamics in vitro to deconstruct the basic mechanisms of T cell migration within lymphatic organs. We show that the contributions of the integrin LFA-1 and the chemokine receptor CCR7 are complementary rather than positioned in a linear pathway, as they are during leukocyte extravasation from the blood vasculature. Our data demonstrate that CCR7 controls cortical actin flows, whereas integrins mediate substrate friction that is sufficient to drive locomotion in the absence of considerable surface adhesions and plasma membrane flux.
Assuntos
Actinas/imunologia , Quimiotaxia de Leucócito/imunologia , Antígeno-1 Associado à Função Linfocitária/imunologia , Receptores CCR7/imunologia , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Actinas/metabolismo , Animais , Quimiocinas/imunologia , Quimiocinas/metabolismo , Fricção , Integrinas/imunologia , Integrinas/metabolismo , Linfonodos , Antígeno-1 Associado à Função Linfocitária/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Receptores CCR7/metabolismo , Linfócitos T/metabolismoRESUMO
Blockade of the inhibitory receptor TIM-3 shows efficacy in cancer immunotherapy clinical trials. TIM-3 inhibits production of the chemokine CXCL9 by XCR1+ classical dendritic cells (cDC1), thereby limiting antitumor immunity in mammary carcinomas. We found that increased CXCL9 expression by splenic cDC1s upon TIM-3 blockade required type I interferons and extracellular DNA. Chemokine expression as well as combinatorial efficacy of TIM-3 blockade and paclitaxel chemotherapy were impaired by deletion of Cgas and Sting. TIM-3 blockade increased uptake of extracellular DNA by cDC1 through an endocytic process that resulted in cytoplasmic localization. DNA uptake and efficacy of TIM-3 blockade required DNA binding by HMGB1, while galectin-9-induced cell surface clustering of TIM-3 was necessary for its suppressive function. Human peripheral blood cDC1s also took up extracellular DNA upon TIM-3 blockade. Thus, TIM-3 regulates endocytosis of extracellular DNA and activation of the cytoplasmic DNA sensing cGAS-STING pathway in cDC1s, with implications for understanding the mechanisms underlying TIM-3 immunotherapy.
Assuntos
DNA/metabolismo , Células Dendríticas/metabolismo , Receptor Celular 2 do Vírus da Hepatite A/metabolismo , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Nucleotidiltransferases/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/fisiologia , Animais , Transporte Biológico/fisiologia , Linhagem Celular , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Quimiocinas/metabolismo , Citoplasma/metabolismo , Endocitose/fisiologia , Feminino , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Imunoterapia/métodos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BLRESUMO
Chronic inflammation plays a central role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the contribution of hepatocytes to tumor-associated inflammation is not clear. Here, we report that the zinc finger transcription factor Miz1 restricted hepatocyte-driven inflammation to suppress HCC, independently of its transcriptional activity. Miz1 was downregulated in HCC mouse models and a substantial fraction of HCC patients. Hepatocyte-specific Miz1 deletion in mice generated a distinct sub-group of hepatocytes that produced pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which skewed the polarization of the tumor-infiltrating macrophages toward pro-inflammatory phenotypes to promote HCC. Mechanistically, Miz1 sequestrated the oncoprotein metadherin (MTDH), preventing MTDH from promoting transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation. A distinct sub-group of pro-inflammatory cytokine-producing hepatocytes was also seen in a subset of HCC patients. In addition, Miz1 expression inversely correated with disease recurrence and poor prognosis in HCC patients. Our findings identify Miz1 as a tumor suppressor that prevents hepatocytes from driving inflammation in HCC.
Assuntos
Carcinogênese/metabolismo , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/metabolismo , Hepatócitos/metabolismo , Inflamação/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Ativação de Macrófagos/fisiologia , Proteínas Inibidoras de STAT Ativados/metabolismo , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases/metabolismo , Animais , Carcinogênese/patologia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Linhagem Celular , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Quimiocinas/metabolismo , Regulação para Baixo/fisiologia , Feminino , Células HEK293 , Hepatócitos/patologia , Humanos , Inflamação/patologia , Fígado/metabolismo , Fígado/patologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/fisiologia , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Dedos de Zinco/fisiologiaRESUMO
Developing strategies to activate tumor-cell-intrinsic immune response is critical for improving tumor immunotherapy by exploiting tumor vulnerability. KDM4A, as a histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) demethylase, has been found to play a critical role in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) growth and metastasis. Here we report that KDM4A inhibition promoted heterochromatin compaction and induced DNA replication stress, which elicited antitumor immunity in SCC. Mechanistically, KDM4A inhibition promoted the formation of liquid-like HP1γ puncta on heterochromatin and stall DNA replication, which activated tumor-cell-intrinsic cGAS-STING signaling through replication-stress-induced cytosolic DNA accumulation. Moreover, KDM4A inhibition collaborated with PD1 blockade to inhibit SCC growth and metastasis by recruiting and activating CD8+ T cells. In vivo lineage tracing demonstrated that KDM4A inhibition plus PD1 blockade efficiently eliminated cancer stem cells. Altogether, our results demonstrate that targeting KDM4A can activate anti-tumor immunity and enable PD1 blockade immunotherapy by aggravating replication stress in SCC cells.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/imunologia , Replicação do DNA/genética , Epigênese Genética , Histona Desmetilases/metabolismo , Imunidade/genética , Histona Desmetilases com o Domínio Jumonji/metabolismo , Estresse Fisiológico/genética , Animais , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Quimiocinas/metabolismo , Homólogo 5 da Proteína Cromobox , Proteínas Cromossômicas não Histona/metabolismo , Dano ao DNA/genética , Células Epiteliais/metabolismo , Deleção de Genes , Humanos , Metástase Linfática , Camundongos Transgênicos , Invasividade Neoplásica , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/patologia , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1/metabolismo , Receptores CXCR3/metabolismo , Células Th1/imunologiaRESUMO
T-helper (Th) cell differentiation drives specialized gene programs that dictate effector T cell function at sites of infection. Here, we have shown Th cell differentiation also imposes discrete motility gene programs that shape Th1 and Th2 cell navigation of the inflamed dermis. Th1 cells scanned a smaller tissue area in a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and chemokine-dependent fashion, while Th2 cells scanned a larger tissue area independent of GPCR signals. Differential chemokine reliance for interstitial migration was linked to STAT6 transcription-factor-dependent programming of integrin αVß3 expression: Th2 cell differentiation led to high αVß3 expression relative to Th1 cells. Th1 and Th2 cell modes of motility could be switched simply by manipulating the amount of αVß3 on the cell surface. Deviating motility modes from those established during differentiation impaired effector function. Thus, programmed expression of αVß3 tunes effector T cell reliance on environmental cues for optimal exploration of inflamed tissues.
Assuntos
Inflamação/imunologia , Células Th1/imunologia , Células Th2/imunologia , Transferência Adotiva , Animais , Diferenciação Celular , Movimento Celular , Células Cultivadas , Técnicas de Reprogramação Celular , Quimiocinas/metabolismo , Humanos , Integrina alfaVbeta3/metabolismo , Ativação Linfocitária , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Fator de Transcrição STAT6/metabolismoRESUMO
Currently, we lack an understanding of the individual and combinatorial roles for chemokine receptors in the inflammatory process. We report studies on mice with a compound deletion of Ccr1, Ccr2, Ccr3, and Ccr5, which together control monocytic and eosinophilic recruitment to resting and inflamed sites. Analysis of resting tissues from these mice, and mice deficient in each individual receptor, provides clear evidence for redundant use of these receptors in establishing tissue-resident monocytic cell populations. In contrast, analysis of cellular recruitment to inflamed sites provides evidence of specificity of receptor use for distinct leukocyte subtypes and no indication of comprehensive redundancy. We find no evidence of involvement of any of these receptors in the recruitment of neutrophils or lymphocytes to resting or acutely inflamed tissues. Our data shed important light on combinatorial inflammatory chemokine receptor function and highlight Ccr2 as the primary driver of myelomonocytic cell recruitment in acutely inflamed contexts.